Passage *************(名校联考八)
Sport not only is physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism fromcoaches, parents, and oth- er teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount ofanxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological (心理上的), and research has indicated (暗示) that it can lead to bum out. Bum out has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable ex- periences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperatewith others, make friends, and gain oth- er social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious (小心)that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coachesfocus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Pos- hive (正面的) reinforcement (强化) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive rein- forcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than
criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to bum out.
1. An effective way to prevent the bum out of young athletes is_______.
A. to reduce their mental stress B. to increase their sense of success C. to make sports less competitive D. to make sports more challenging
答案: A指导：这是一篇探讨心理、教育问题的议论文。文章讨论了体育比赛对年轻人成长所起的作用以及父母、教练及运动员应该如何正确面对体育比赛，如何使年轻人通过参与竞技体育培养健康的心理，学习掌握成长中所需的技能。文章第一段第三句“．．．It can lead to burnout，”中，这里it 指代stress，既然burnout是由stress所导致，那么防止burnout 的办法自然就是减少压力。B、C、D三项恰恰都会增加运动员的精神压力，从而增加the burnout of young athletes。
2. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that_______.
A. it can help them learn more about society B. it enables them to find flaws in themselves C. it can provide them with valuable experiences
D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves. 答案: C 指导：本题可采用排除法。B、D两项较易排除，选项A是干扰项。由文章第二段第二、三句\"The sport settingis one where valuable experiences can take place．Young ath letesall，for example，learn how to cooperate with Others，make friends，and gain other social skills that will be used throunghouttheirlives\"，比较A、C两项，C项更贴切，故选C项。
3. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes_______.
A. believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development B. without realizing criticism may destroy their self-confidence C. in order to make them remember life's lessons
D. so as to put more pressure on them
答案: B 指导：由文章第二段最后两句“Coaches and parents should如aware；atalltimes，that their feed back toyougsters can greatly affect their chdren．Youngsters may take thdir parents'and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves\"可知选项B符合文意。
4. According to the passage parents and coaches should_______. A. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports B. help children to win every game C. train children to cope with (应付) stress
D. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports 答案: D 指导：B、C项易排除。关键在于对A、D两项的判断。本文的主旨是：家长、教练及年轻人应如何正确对待体育比赛；要注意比赛的过程而非结果，要认识到年轻人参加运动比赛是为了学习到宝贵的经验。A项“要注意让孩子享受运动的乐趣”与文章的主旨不符。根据第三段第二句，可知D项正确。
Passage 2**************(东城综合)
Advertising gives useful information about which products to buy. But modem advertising does more than gives news about products and services. Today's advertisements, or ads, try to get consumers (消费者) to buy certain brands (品牌). Writers of advertising are so skillful that they can sometimes persuade a consumer to wear a certain kind of clothing, cat a special kind of cereal (麦片) , or see a movie. Consunfers might never even want a product if they did not see or hear advertisements for it.
For example, you probably do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You may not have space on your shelf for another. But if you
see ads about a new cereal that is your extra-tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. Ad- vertising must get attention. To be effective, it must be exciting, entertaining, or provide some pleasure. The secret of writing good advertising copy is to offer a good idea as well as a product. The idea is what the ad is really selling. One example is an ad that says eating a certain cereal will make a person do well in sports. That cereal brand may sell better if consumers think it offers strength and energy.
1. What is discussed in this passage? A. The content of modem advertising. B. The skills of modern advertising. C. The results of modem advertising. D. The writing of modem advertising.
答案: B 指导：本文着重讲述了广告的作用，所以为了起到应有的作用，必须有一定的技巧。
2. According to the passage, a good advertisemnt should _______. A. be both persuasive and effective B. give people useful information C. show people a product
D. show people a new idea of a product
答案: A 指导：由文章第一段第三句\"Today's advertisemens，orads，try to get consumers to buy certain brands\"可知A正确。 3. From the passage, we can infer that _______. A. modern advertising has less effect on customers
B. once customers see ads about a new cereal, they are sure to buy it
C. cereal can make people strong
D. cereal is a kind of food which is popular among people
答案: D 指导：由文章第二段\"you probably do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your
kitchen shelves. You may not have space on your shelf for another. But if you see ads about a new ce real that is your extra-tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. \"可以推测出来cereal 是一种受人们欢迎的食品。
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Customers can easily be persuaded by advertisements. B. Customers should be persuaded by advertisements.
C. It's impossible for customers to buy a product without adver tisements.
D. Customers buy products according to their demands rather than the advertisements.
答案: A 指导：由于本文主要讲述广告的介绍作用和劝诱作用，同时文章第二段的麦片的例子就是一个暗示，所以A为正确答案。
Passage ************** (西城质检)
Among various programmes, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style (风格) ? But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Gprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of \"rubbish talk\". The contents on his show are as surprising as can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives.
Like jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and difference, quality (质量) of life. Contents are from teaching your children les- sons, managing your work week to getting to know your neighbours.
Cormpared to Oprah, the jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a \"final word\". He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clear as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main viewers are middle class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, rela- tionship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation.
1. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are _______.
A. more interesting B. unusually popular C. more detailed D. more formal 答案: B 指导：由文章第二段最后一句可知B正确。
2. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows _______. A. remain interested in them B. are ready to face up to them C. remain cold to them
D. are willing to get away from them
答案: A 指导：由第二段的最后一句“„ yet people are willing to eat up the
troubles of other people's lives\"和文章的最后一句 \"They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation'可知A正确。
3. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the oprah Winfrey show?
A. A new type of robot. B. Nation hatred (恨). C. Family income planning. D. Street accident.
答案: C 指导：由文中第三段第二、三句”The show is mainly about the improvement of society and difference,quality of life Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week to getting to know your neighhors\"故C正确。
4. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_______. A. have become the only ones of its kind B. exploit the weaknesses in human nature C. appear at different times of the day D. attract different people
答案：D 指导：由文章最后两段“clear as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main viewers are middle Americans\"和\"Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society,' 可在这两个节目吸引不同的人群。
Passage************(海淀质检)
In October, 1961, at Crowley Field in Cincinnati, Ohio,an old, deaf gentleman named William E. Hoy stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired (退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier, in 19典型例题ever, he had been an outstanding player
and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball. William E. Hoy was born in Houckstown, Ohio, on May 23,1862. He became deaf when he was two years old. He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf. After graduation, he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker.
Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh (Wisconsin) of the Northwestern League. In 1888, he started as an outfielder (外场手) with the old Washington Senators. His small figureand speed made him an outstanding base runner. He was very good at stealing bases during his career. In the 1888 major league season, he stole 82 bases. He was also the Senators' leading hitter in 1888. Hoy was clever; he threw right-handed and batted left-handed. On June 19, 1889, he threw out three batters (击球手)at the plate from his out- field position.
The ann signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began became of Hoy. The judge lifted his right ann to show that the pitch was a strike, and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.
For many years, people talked about Hoy's last ball game in 19典型例题was playing for Los Angelesof the Pacific Coast Winter League. It was a memorable game because Hoy made a wonderful play which won the game. It was a very foggy night and, therefore, very hard to see the ball. In the ninth inning (棒球的一局), with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. Los Angeles de- feated their opposition and won the game.
After he retired, Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years. He also became a public speaker Ired traveled giving speeches. Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week. 0n December 15, 1961,William E. Hoy died at the age of 99.
1. In which order did the following things happen in Hoy's life?
a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker. b. Hoy began to run a dairy farm.
c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog. d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series. e. Hoy became deaf.
A. d, e, a, c, b B. e, a, c, b, d C. d,a,e,c,b D. e,a,b,c,d 答案: B 指导：由文中第二段可知前三个顺序。
2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _______ in his late years.
A. became famous B. led a relaxed life
C. traveled around the world D. was in good physical condition
答案: D 指导：由最后一段中的倒数第二句“直到他死前的几年中一周有几天的早晨要走4到10里”可知。
3. This passage is mainly about _______.
A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball B. baseball game rules and important players C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from
答案: A 指导：本文近似一篇新闻报道，第一段是文章的中心句，由此可知。 4. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.
B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games. C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously. D. Hoy's family encouraged him to become a baseball player. 答案：B 指导：由文中的deaf可推导出。
Passages ***********(朝阳综合)
People are making more and more demands on the world's natural resources. If babies bom in 1991 live for eighty years, the human population of the world may be anything from twice to three times the present total by 2070. In other words, they will have to share what is left of the earth's resources with 15 billion other people. But hopefully there will be an important decrease in the growth of population. What if this does not happen? The answer is that by the time before the babies born in 1991 reach the age of 40 they could be sharing resources with as many as 10 billion other people.
Limiting the pollution of water and the atmosphere, controlling the output of the chemicals that may be causing the global warming and climate change, and eating less meat may go some to help, but can anyone seriously imagine that these are going to solve the problems of the \"baby class\" of 1991 ?
There is no getting away from the fact that people are responsible(5(对......负责) for the present state of the world, and only people can solve the problems. The decisions have to be taken by people as members of national and local governments;as leaders and decision-makers in industry; as scientists and technologists; as professional engineers and designers; as reli- gious (宗教的) leaders and individual citizens.
1. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. Making More Demands on the Natural Resources B. Limiting the Pollution of Air and Water C. Reducing the World Population D. Saving the Babies of 1991
答案: C 指导：本文主要讲述随着人口的增长，出现了一系列的问题，所以C为最佳答案。
2. What does the author mean by \"the problems of the baby class of 1991\" ?
A. A large number of babies will be bom after 1991. B. Babies bom in 1991 won't live a long life.
C. The children of 1991 are not given good education. D. The problems caused by babies bom in 1991.
答案: D 指导：文章着重以1991年出生的孩子为例说明人口增长将会带来一系列问题，所以D为最佳答案。
3. This short passage is probably taken from _______. A. a news report B. a guide to the world
C. an article by a medical worker D. a government report
答案: A 指导：据写作方式和最后一段所列举的“人”可知文章是以“呼吁”的语气写的，故A为最佳答案。
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the last paragraph as people responsible for the present state of the world?
A. Officials. B. Industrialists. C. Businessmen. D. Scientists. 答案: C 指导：由最后一段最后一句可知。
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