现在完成时教案

现在完成时

1. 概念：① 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.

eg: --- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗?

--- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了)

I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到 )

I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了.

--- Have you found your lost pen yet ? 你找到丢失的钢笔了吗?

--- No, I haven’t found it yet. 不, 我还没有找到.

② 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去, 常和 for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词.

eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. )

2. 结构: ① 主语 + have / has + done + …

3. 时间状语：常与already, yet, ever, never, for + 段时间, since, just, before, so far, by now, these days, …等连用.

注意: already, yet, 常和现在完成时连用, already 用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可

放在句末.

yet用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末.

eg: He has just come here since 2000. 他从北京回来.

Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗?

I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.

I haven’t heard of it before. 我以前从来没有听说过这件事.

I have been in Beijing for two years. 我在北京已经两年了.

4. 句型: ⑴ 肯定句: ① 主语 + have / has + done + …

eg： She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海.

I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了.

⑵ 否定句: ① 主语 + have / has + not +done + …

eg： I haven’t seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影.

eg： She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业.

⑶ 一般疑问句：① Have / Has + 主语 + done + …

eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t .

你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.

eg： Has she finished doing his homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t.

她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有.

⑷ 特殊疑问句： ① 特殊疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + done + …

eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影?

eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业?

5. 当与一段时间连用时, 经常用for 加一段时间, 这时候谓语动词一定要用延续性的.

非延续性动词----延续性动词

come ---- be here go --- be away / off borrow --- keep buy --- have

start / begin --- be on leave --- be away die --- be dead

eg: He came here three days ago. 他三天前来的这. (一般过去时)

He has been here for three days. 他来这已经三天了.

(现在完成时与一段时间连用, 非延续性动词变延续性动词. )

He went to Dalian last week. 他上周去的大连. ( 一般过去时 )

He has been away for a week. 他已经离开有一周了. ( 现在完成时 )

I borrowed the book last month. 我去年借的这本书. ( 一般过去时 )

I have kept the book for a week. 我保管这本书有一周了. ( 现在完成时 )

6. 词义辨析

have been to 去过… (在本地) eg: I have been to Canada. 我去过加加拿大.

have gone to 去了… (不在本地) eg: He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大连.

1. --- Hello! Can I speak to Alice ? --- Sorry, she isn’t here right now. She ______ to the shop.

A. goes B. will go C. has gone D. was going

2. --- When did you become a volunter ? --- Two years ago. I _______ this group since then.

A. have joined in B. have joined to C. have been in D. have been to

3. ---______ you ______ to the National Grand Theater ? ---No, not yet.

A. Did, go B. Do, go C. Have, gone D. Have, been

4.---So far the government _______ a lot for the Olympic Games.

--- So it has. We’re all looking forward to this event.

A. does B. is doing C. has done D. will do

5. John’s car is not here. I think he _______ somewhere.

A. goes B. went C. has gone D. will go

6. David ________ Chinese since 20 years ago, and now he speaks it quite well.

A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learn

7. ---Where’s Mr White ? ---He ________ the wash room.

A. has been to B. has gone to C. is going to D. goes to

8. ---What do you think of the new film ? ---It’s wonderful. I _______ it twice.

--- A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. see

9. ---_________ you ________ him around the museum yet ? ---Yes, we had a great time there.

A. Do; show B.Did; show C. Have; shown D. Will; show