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2020最新中考英语基础知识讲解练习

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一.知识网络 【重点内容概要】

1.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的基本用法以及比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化。

2.理解和运用一般讲来时be going to的用法。 3.提建议的表达方法及答语。

4.表示需要和询问对方和向对方提出建议。 5.一般过去时及其一般疑问句的回答。 6.反义疑问句。

7.介词in, on, at的用法。 8.There be结构的一般过去时态。 9.一般讲来时will的用法。 10.感叹句。

11.邀请和应答;打电话;谈论天气、季节;请求许可。 【句型、词组精讲】

1. May I have a piece of paper, please? 请问,能给我一张纸吗?

May I…? 是表示请求对方许可的句型,多用于较正式的场合。

这个句型的肯定回答:(1) Yes, please (2) Certainly. (3) Of course. (4) Sure. (5) That’s OK/all right. (6) Yes, you may /can. 等。

否定回答是:(1) No, you can t. (2) Certainly not. (3) Of course not.

也可婉转地回答:I’m sorry, but …或: I’m afraid not. 如: —May I borrow your bike ,please ? 我可以借你的自行车吗?

—Certainly! Here you are. (Sorry .I’m using it. )当然可以!给你。(对不起,我正用着。)

2. Don’t you usually come to school by bike? 难道你通

常不是骑自行车上学吗?

这是否定疑问句,常用来表示责怪、惊奇、建议等,可译成“难道不……吗?”回答时若事实是肯定的用Yes (不),若事实是否定的则用No(是),注意不要受汉语的干扰。如: —Aren’t you a student? 难道你不是个学生吗?

—Yes, I am.. (No, I’m not.) 不,我是。(是的,我不是。) 3. And the air today is nice and clean. 今天的空气很清新。

Nice and 在英语中是个固定结构,意为“很”、“十分”,相当于very 或quite, 其后接形容词或副词,用于加强语气。如: The child is nice and strong .这孩子很强壮。 4. few/a few/little/a little

few ,a few 用于代替或修饰可数名词; little, a little 用于代替或修饰不可数名词。

a few 和a little 的意思是肯定的,表示“一些;有一点儿”; few 和little 的意思是否定的,表示“很少、几乎没有”。

5. Why not? 为什么不呢?

“Why not+动词原形?”虽然形式上是否定的,但它所表达的含义是肯定的,常用来表示一种建议,语气比较委婉、客气。此句型可看作是“Why don’t you…?”的省略式。如: Why not have a swim now? (=Why don’t you have a swim now?)为什么现在不游泳呢? 6. It’s time for class. 该上课了。

“It’s time for…” 和“It’s time to…” 这两个句型都表示“该……了”或“是……的时候了”。for 后接名词、代词或动词的ing形式, to 后接动词。如: It’s time for (to have )lunch .该吃午饭了.

7. What about a quarter past two? 两点一刻怎么样? What about……? (=How about……?)意为“(你认为) ……怎么样?“常用于征求意见、询问情况或提出建议。后接名词、代词或动名词。

8. Shall we go to the park? 我们去公园去吗? Shall I (we) ……? 表示建议征求对方意见,意为“我(们) ……好吗?

肯定回答多用:(1)Good idea. (2) All right. (3) OK. (4) Yes, please. 等。

否定回答多用:(1)No, thanks. (2) No, please don’t. (3) No, I don’t think……等。如:

—Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗? —No, thanks. (All right.) 不用,谢谢。(好吧。) 9. Let’s make it a little earlier. 让我们早一点吧! (1)Let’s……是提建议的一种句式,意思是“让我们……”,Let’s 后接动词原形。

肯定回答用Ok! 或All right !等; 否定回答则用No, let’s…….

(2)Make it 是习惯用语,it 在这里表示“规定时间”。如: Let’s make it half past six. 让我们定在六点半吧。 10. in front of/in the front of

in front of 意为“在(物体之外的)前边”,而in the front of 意为“在(物体本身的)前部。“表示“在某人前面”要用in front

of sb .

11. They must keep their hands behind their backs .The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.他们必须把手一直放在背后。班上的其它学生一直闭着眼睛。 “keep +宾语+宾补”意为“使…保持某种状态”。 其形式有:

(1) keep +宾补+形容词; (2) keep +宾语+动词ing 形式; (3) keep +宾语+介词短语;

(4) keep +宾语+副词。如:He kept me waiting for an hour .他让我等了一个小时。

12. The eraser goes from one student to another—first one way, then another. 橡皮从一个学生手里传到另一个学生手里——先从这边传过去,然后再从那边传过来。 (1) from…to…从……到:……,通常与基数词或表示时间、地点的名词以及抽象名词连用。

They go to school from Monday to Friday. 他们从这星期

一到星期五去上学。

(2) one…another…一个……另一个……,一个……又一个(总数是三个以上)

(3) first……then……先……后…… 13. find/findout/look for

find通常指发现、找到有形的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况;

find out意为“找到”、“查出”,多指通过探索、观察而发现,通常带有“经过困难曲折的涵义”; look for则指“寻找”的过程。

14. You’d better ask that policeman over there. 你最好问问那边的那个。

had better为习惯用语,相当于一个情态动词。had better意为“最好”,后接动词原形,指现在或将来,用于向对方提出建议或劝告。

其否定形式为had better not+动词原形。如:

You’d better not stay there too long. 你最好别在那里逗留

太久。

15. We live in a place called Gum Tree. 我们住在一个叫桉树镇的地方。

a place called…=a place named…=a place with the name…名叫……的地方,called是过去分词,给前面的名词作定语。如:a boy called Tom一个名叫汤姆的男孩。 16. I hope he’s better tomorrow. 我希望他明天会好些。 hope是及物动词,意为“希望”,其后可接动词不定式或宾语从句。如:

He hope to go shopping with us. 他希望和我们一起去买东西。

表示“希望某人做某事”不可用hope sb. to do sth. 而要用hope +(that)从句。 如:我希望你来。 误:I hope you to come. 正:I hope (that) you will come.

17. Is watching TV too much good or bad for your

health? 过多的看电视对你的身体有害还是有益呢? (1) be good (bad) for表示“对……有好(害)处”;be good (bad) to表示“等……好(不好)”;be good at意为“擅长……”,“在……方面做得很好”,相当于do well in。 如:She’s very good to us. 她等我们很好。 Some are very good at boating. 有些人擅长划船。 (2) too much表示“过多”、“太多”,在句中可作宾、定、表或状语;而much too表示“太”、“过分”,修饰形容词或副词,作状语。如:

Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的身体有害。

This question us much too difficult. 这个问题太难了。 18. how long/how often

how long意为“多久”、“多长”,用于提问时间或距离的长短。如:

How long were you away last year? 去年你缺席多长时间?

How long is the Great Wall? 长城有多长?

how often意为“每隔多久,每隔多长时间”。回答表示程度的频度副词有sometimes, always, usually, never等或once a week, three times a month等。如:

How often do you go to see your mother? 你每隔多长时间去看你的母亲?

此外,how far意为“多远”(对距离提问); how old“多大”(对年龄提问);

how many“多少”(对不可数名词数量提问)。

19. What’s wrong with sb/ sth.? 用于询问某人或某物“怎么了?”或“某物出了什么毛病?”。

如:What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表出了什么毛病?

20. But we need some more. 但我们还需要再准备些。 more表示“另外的、更多的、附加的”之意,可起代词或形容词作用。其前还可以再加some, a little, much, many, a few等修饰语。如:

Would you like a little more tea? 你要不要再喝点茶? 当more前有数词时,more和another可进行改写。如: I wrote two more letters to her. 我又给她写了两封信。(I wrote another two letters to her.) 【语法精讲】 一般过去时

一、一般过去时的形式

1.动词be的一般过去时态的形式有两种,即was, were。was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于第一、三人称复数和第二人称单、复数。You were we were they were 2.行为动词一般过去时态的形式:动词的过去式,没有人称和数的变化。 二、一般过去时的用法

1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态,即“一次性的过去动作”。如:

They enjoyed themselves last Sunday. 他们上周日玩得很高兴。

I was busy yesterday. 昨天我很忙。 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如:

We often walked in the evening when we lived in the country last summer.

去年夏天我们住在农村,傍晚常出去散步。 三、一般过去时的时间状语

1.由副词yesterday或由yesterday开头构成的短语:yesterday morning/ afternoon等。如:Where did you go yesterday? 昨天你去哪儿了?

2.由“last+表时间的名词”构成的短语:last week, last year等。如:I received two letters from my home last month. 上个月我收到两封家信。

3.由“时间段+ago”构成的短语:a moment ago, an hour ago等。如:They left two hours ago. 他们两小时以前离开了。

4.由“介词+时间名词”构成的短语:in 1998, on Monday, on April 12等。如:Napoleon did in 1821. 拿破仑死于1821年。

5.其它词或词组:then, just now等。如: The scientists lived in China then. 当时这些科学家住在中国。 将来时表示法

一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示“将来”的句式很多,常用的句式及用法归纳如下: 一、be going to+动词原形(专题与will的区别)

1.这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。如:

My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语。

I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。

2.这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。如:

Look at these black clouds——it is going to rain. 看这些乌云——要下雨了。

I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感

冒了。 注意:

1. 如果be going to后接的是形容词或副词(there)时,其后应加上be,然后再接形容词或副词。如:I’m going to be busy this Sunday. 这个星期天我很忙

2. there be句型也可用于这种句型中,但there不能和have连用。如:There is going to be an English film this evening. 今天晚上有一场英文电影。

二、shall/ will+动词原形。在书面语中,第一人称常用shall, 但在口语中,所有人称都可用will.

1.will/ shall均可表示单纯的将来。如:The radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow. 收音机报道明天多云。

2.表示预料中将要发生的动作或情况。如:You’ll feel better after having this medicine. 吃了这药,你就会感到好些的。

3.will表示人的主观意愿,它带有浓厚的感情色彩。如:Come earlier tomorrow, or I won’t let you in. 明天早点儿来,否则我不让你进来。

4.在问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时,常用will。如:Will you go to see a film with us? 你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗?

5.shall表示建议或征求对方的意见。如:Shall we go at eight? 我们八点去好吗?

6.表示不以人们的意志为转移的规律。如:He is fourteen this year, and he will be fifteen next year. 他今年十四岁,明年十五岁。

三、come, go, leave, fly, begin, arrive等表示位置转移的动词用现在时行时表示将来的动作。如:

Mr. Li says he is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 李先生说他明天将去北京。

The sports meeting is beginning at three this afternoon. 运动会将于今天下午三点开始。

四、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:

If it doesn’t rain, they will climb a hill tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,他们将去爬山。

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive home. 我一到家就给你写信。

五、come, go, start, leave等动词的一般现在时也可以表示将来,它是用来根据规定或时刻表示一定会发生的动作或状态。与现在进行时态一样,一般现在时主要用于往返动作。如:

The train leaves at two o’clock p.m. 火车下午两点钟开。 The new term starts at the beginning of September. 新学期将于九月初开始。

注:表示往返和位置转移动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示按计划安排将要发生的事,但一般现在时表示“不可改变或不可随便更改的事件或计划”,所以常用于时刻表;而现在进行时表示将来“按计划安排的事可能会改变”。 六、用“情态动词+动词原形”也可表示将来。这种形式一般用于比较明显的表示将来的时间状语的句子中。如:You must get up early tomorrow. 你明天必须得早起。

七、用“has better+动词原形”也可以表示将来。如:You’d better go to see your sister next week. 下周你最好去看看你妹妹。

使用比较等级应注意的事项 1.注意错用比较等级的构成。 1)他比我走得慢。

误:He walks slowlier than I. 正:He walks more slowly than I.

有些双音节形容词(副词),可在词尾加-r(-er), -st(-est)构成比较级和最高级。如:happy, dirty, clever等。但以“ly”结尾的副词,除了early外多在其前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。

2)游泳是我最喜爱的运动。

误:Swimming is my most favourite. 正:Swimming is my favourite sport.

有些形容词,本身表示的程度就已达到“极限”,或者无法再比较,所以没有比较等级形式。再如:full, empty, whole, afraid, round, living, dead等。 2.注意比较对象前后的一致。

比较级中,比较的双方必须是同一类的人或事物,非同类的

事物是不能进行比较的。如: 我的自行车比你的自行车便宜。 误:My bike is cheaper than you. 正:My bike is cheaper than yours

在比较级中,比较的双方虽属同类,但相比较的事物为了避免重复,than后面的比较对象常用that,one, those或ones代替前面出现的比较对象。如: 北京的冬天比上海冷。

误:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.

正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.

3.注意比较范围中的“包括”与“不包括”。

在同一范围内比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的对象之外。如:

吉姆比班里的其他任何学生都高。

误:Jim is taller than any students in his class. 正:Jim is taller than any other student in his class. 4.注意比较级、最高级前定冠词the的使用。 形容词比较级前一般不用定冠词,但句中若有“of the two”结构,表示两者“较……的一个”时,要加定冠词the。如:He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中个子较高的一位。 5.注意比较等级前修饰词的使用。 比较级前不可用very, quite, too等词来修饰,但可以用表示比较程度的much, a little, a bit, even, still等副词来修饰。如:

This book is much thicker than that one. 这本书比那本书厚得多。

Yesterday was a little colder than today. 昨天比今天有点冷。

另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。如:I’m three years other than he. 我比他大三岁。 二.考试热点

1.一般将来时be going to的用法,通过对话询问对方的计划、打算,并提出各种建议,学会提建议的表达方法。 2.形容词的比较级和最高级以及它们之间的句型转换,能修饰比较级的词。

3.在交际运用中考查表计划、打算、询问及建议的用法。 4.一般过去时。

5.各种情况的翻译疑问句。

6.邀请、请求许可、打电话及写电话留言和谈论天气。 主要考查题型:选择填空,句型转换题,口语运用题,书面表达题。

三.重、难点突破

1.比较级用于两者间的比较;有比较连词’than则要用比较级。在运用比较级时应注意以下几方面:1)alittle,abit,much,even,still可以修饰比较级;以加强语气,而very不能修饰比较级。2)进行比较时,要注意比较的对象、比较的范围是否一致。

2.最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,一般有in...或of...,among...之类的词。形容词最高级前应带the,而副词最高

级前的the可省略。

3.最高级和比较级常进行转换。最常见的转换句式是:最高级转为比较级,即“...than any other...\"结构。 4.提建议的常用句式:

(1) 用“Shall we/I...?”句型。其意思是“…...好吗?”主要用于提出某种建议或征求对方意见,多用于第一人称。常用Good idea回答。

(2) 用\"Let ’s+动词原形”句型。在表示“建议”时包括对方在内,意为‘‘咱们......吧!”有时还可以在句尾加上\"Shall we?”通常用OK回答。

(3) 用“Why not+动词原形”句型。意为“为什么不......?\"它常用All right回答。

(4) 用“had better+动词原形”句型。其意是“最好......”,表建议或劝告。

(5) 用“How/What about + doing/名词”句型。 5.一般过去时是非常重要的一个时态,在书面表达中,使用很广。一般过去时的运用要掌握其构成和常用时间状语。它的构成可分为两种情况:

1)主语+谓语be(was/were)+其他。其否定和疑问的构成分别为:主语+was not/were not+其他。Was/Were+主语+其他?

2)主语+行为动词/连系动词的过去式+其他。其否定和疑问的构成分别为:主语+did not(didn’t)+谓语动词的原形+其他,Did+主语+谓语动词的原形+其他?此处关键是谓语动词要用原形。

动词变过去式,有规则动词和不规则动词之分,需要区分牢记。

常见的过去时间状语有:yesterday,last+时间名词,时间段+ago等。

6.关于be going to与will。

这两者都表示将来,be going to常用来表示打算,计划、决定要做的事情或根据某些现象或征兆预测即将发生的事。在表示意图或即将发生某事时可与will互用,但下列情况常用will或shall而不用be going to。 1)表带意愿色彩的将采。

2)问对方是否愿意,或表示客气的邀请或命令。

3)表示建议或征求意见。

7.反意疑问句。反意疑问句是在陈述句后面加上一个简短的附加问句。其用法如下:

1)若前面的陈述句是肯定式,后面的附加问句用否定形式,反之,要用肯定式。简言之,前肯,后否:前否,后肯;前名(词)后代(相应代词);前代后代,时态一致。若陈述部分为there be句型,其后部分要用there。

2)当反意疑问句的陈述部分含有few,little no, never,hardly等词时,附加部分要用肯定式。

3)对于反意疑问句的回答,要根据实际情况回答,若事实是肯定的,要用yes,事实是否定的,要用no,在译成汉语时要注意。如:

There is no water on the moon,is there?月亮上没有水,是吗?

No,there isn’t.是的,没有。(注:月亮上没有水是事实,故不能回答为Yes,there is.)

4)祈使句的反意疑问句除Let’s...,shall we?外,其余的附加问句均为will、you。

8. 感叹句, 感叹句根据感叹部分可分为两种类型: 1)How+形容词+主语+be!或How+副词+主语+动词! 2)What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主+谓!或What+ 形容词+复数名词(或不可数名词)+主+谓! 9.交际用语项目

1) Could I speak to...,please? 是打电话常用语,若接电话的是所找之人时,用This is...speaking或to..speaking或Speaking。若接电话不是本人时,可以说Sorry,he/she is out。或Hold on a moment,please。/One moment,please。

2) Is that...? 或Is that...speaking?是在电话上询问对方是谁。

3) Would you like to...?是邀请别人。同意即以I d like to回答。若不能应允,则可以用I d like to,but...婉拒。 4)在表示对别人答谢时,常用如下的答谢语:

①That’s all right.②That’s OK.③It’s a pleasure.④With pleasure。⑤It’s my pleasure.⑥Not at all.⑦You re Welcome

四.典型例题

【例1】There is going to ______ a sports meeting in our school next week.

A. be B. have C. open D. hold

分析 此题考查学生句子中的词语搭配。“举行运动会”为hold a sports meeting, 但句中有“there”一词,决定要用there be句型,表示“某时有……”,虽然have也有“有”的含义,但它是“(某人/某物)有”故本题答案为A。

【例2】Of all the shoes in your shop, is this pair ______ one?

A. very good B. much better C. a cheaper D. the cheapest

分析 此题考查学生形容词比较等级的用法。因为句中有“Of all the shoes”这个表示最高级的范围的短语,所以答案应选D。

【例3】选出与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。 1) — Shall we meet at eight? —Let s make it a quarter earlier,

A. ten minutes B. fifteen minutes C. half an hour D. an hour 2) He’s going to London by air.

A. by plane B. by ship C. by car D. by train 分析 此题考查学生对英语词汇的理解。a quarter“一刻”就是十五分钟fifteen minutes。 by air就是乘飞机by plane, 所以两题答案为B和A。

【例4】______ I open the window? It s so warm here. A. Must B. Will C. Shall D. Would

分析 此题考查学生对助动词、情态动词的理解。will, shall, would都有征求对方意见之意,语气都很委婉、客气,但它们接的人称代词不同。will, would常接第二人称you, shall接第一人称I和we。故此题答案选C。

【例5】He doesn’t know _____ English because he has studied it for only ______ weeks.

A. much, a few B. little, few C. few, a little D. a few, a little

分析 此题考查学生对little/ a little, few / a few的理解。a little/ little修饰不可数名词,a few/ few修饰可数名词。而a little, a few表示“有点,少数几个”,在句中有肯定含义;little/ few表示“少数”,“几乎没有”在句中有否定含义。此题中English是不可数名词,weeks是可数名词,所以答案为A。

【例6】改写句子。

We have a class meeting once a week. _______ _______ do you have a class meeting? 分析 此题考查学生对疑问词的正确理解和运用。once a week“一周一次”,表示动作的频率次数,而how often正是针对动作的频率、次数提问的疑问词,故该两空格填How often。

【例7】Peter collected some old coins two years ago. (改为否定句)

Peter ______ collect ______ old coins two years ago. 分析 此题考查学生对一般过去时句型的转换。一般过去时的句子在改一般疑问句和否定句时要借助动词did,而且句中的some在否定句中要改为any,所以两空应填出didn’t,

any。

【例8】Eating more vegetables will keep you ______ . A. health B. fat C. weak D. healthy

分析 此题考查学生对语句的理解及keep一词的用法。“多吃青菜”不会使人“胖”或“体弱”,故B、C两答案不能填。而keep是“使……处于某种状态”。keep sth. +形容词。A答案health是名词,不能选,所以只有healthy (形容词、健康的)才行。

【例 9】We do eye exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句)

______ you ______ eye exercises every day?

分析 此题考查学生do作实义动词、助动词的用法。句中do eye exercises 中的do是实义动词“做”之意。将此句改为一般疑问句要借助助动词do,而实义动词do也不能少,所以两格应填Do, do。

【例 10】Bruce, Look at your dirty shoes. You d better ______ them right now.

A. washed B. washing C. wash D. to wash

分析 此题考查学生对You’d better习惯用语中的用法。You’d better意思是“你最好……”后面接动词原形。故此题答案选C。

【例11】(广州市,2020最新)Now the air in our hometown is than it was before。Something must be done.

A. much better B.more worse C.more better D。much worse

思路分析 此题考查形容词比较级的用法,由more不能修饰比较级可以排除B、C,由\"Something must be done\"(必须采取措施)知,情况不好,故选D。

解后反思 能修饰比较级的常见词有:much,a little,a bit,even,still,any等。

【例12】(南宁市,2020最新)Do you think an American film tomorrow?

A.is there B.there s going to be C.will there be D. there s going to have

思路分析 此题考查there be句型的用法及宾语从句的语序。故A、C可以排除。而there be句型的将来时结构应是

there will be或there is(are) going to be...所以本题正确答案为B。

解后反思 在there be句型中不能出现have的各种形式。 【例13】(上海市,2020最新)— is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?

——About half an hour s bus ride。 Shall we go and visit it?

A. How long B.How often C How far D. How much

思路分析 本题考查疑问词的用法。how long指时间长短,如two days;how often问频率,如three times a day;how much问(不可数)多少;而how far问距离,而本题half an hour’s bus ride指的是距离,故选C。

【例14】(桂林市,2020最新)Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital ——March,25th? A. in B. on C. at D. of

思路分析 此题考查介词与时间搭配的用法。in不与具体日期连用,但它:可以与时间段、季节、年连用;at与时间点

连用,of不与时间连用,而on与具体日期 连用,故选B

解后反思 on与时间的连用,有如下几种情况: 1)on月+日/on+日期

2)on+星期/on星期+morning/afternoon/evening 3)On a+修饰词+morning/afternoon/evening/day 4)on the morning/afternoon/evening of月、日。 【例15】(桂林市,2020最新) he at this school last term? ——Yes,I think so,

A. Did,study B。Does,study C. Was,study D. Did,studied

思路分析 此题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句的用法。由last term知B可以排除,而study是行为动词,其疑问句要借助助动词did且助动词后的谓语动词要用动词原形,故选A。

【例16】(昆明市,2020最新)He has never visited the Great Hall of the People, ?

A.hasn’t he B。has he C.does he D.doesn’t he

思路分析 此题考查反意疑问句,由前后时态要一致的原则,选项D、C可排除,又never意为“从不’’,故选B。 解后反思 弄清反意疑问句的特点是解题关键。

五.强化训练及答案(Book II Units 1-14) I.词汇A)根据句意或汉语提示完成句子。 1._____is the second month of a year. 2. Her father work in a ______ . (医院)

3. Do you ______ his telephone number? (记得) 4. The twins sit in the _______ row.(前面的). 5. There are sixty _______ in an hour. B)用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。

6. The students ran out of the classroom ______. (quick) 7. December is the _______ month of a year.(twelve)

8. Are you good at _______basketball? (play) 9. They all go to school on_____.(foot)

10. The farmers are busy _______ on the farm.(work) C)根据划线部分的意思,选出与其意思相同或相近的选项。 11. She is the student called Mary.

A. with a name B. with the name C. has the name D. with name

12. This sweater looks nice. I want to take it. A. sell B. borrow C. use D. buy 13. They’d like to stay here for a few days. A. a little B. many C. some D. a lot of 14. What’s wrong with your TV set.

A. the matter B. trouble C. worst D. the bad thing

15. Long long ago, there lived a poor old man in the village.

A. had B. took C. stood D. was II.单项选择

16. Does your sister enjoy______ the music?

A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listen to

17. Reading _____ the sun is bad ____ eyes.

A. under, to B. under, for C. in, to D. in, for 18. Please give me_____.

A. two piece of red paper. B. two piece of red papers

C. two pieces of red paper D. two piece of red papers

19. There’s ___ tea in the cup, is there? A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 20. Why not_____ outside the zoo?

A .meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met

21. Mr. Johnson _____ Tokyo yesterday morning. A. get B. arrived C. reached D. reached in 22. Do you know the way _____ the post office? A. of B. to C. for D. with 23. She ____ a new watch.

A. needs to buy B. needs buying C. need buying D. need to buy

24. —Don’t they come by bike? —_____.

A. Yes, they don’t B. No, they do C. Yes, they are. D. No, they don’t.

25.______ delicious food they are!

A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 26. Chongqing is bigger than ____ in China.

A. all the cities B. any cities C. any other city any city

27. Her brother is _____ than she.

D. A. more stronger B. much stronger C. much strong D. very stronger

28. She’s coming back ____ two day. A. after B. in C. later D. behind

29. —When did you come to Linfen? — ______. A. For two weeks. B. In two weeks. C. Two weeks later. D. Two weeks ago.

30. ______ are you going to the zoo, by bike or by bus? A. How B. Why C. What D. Which way III.补全对话

选择正确的答案补全对话 A: Excuse me, sir. B: Yes? ___31____

A: ___32___ me the way to the railway station? B: Well, go down to the end of this street and then turn left. ___33___

A: Is it far from here? B: I think so. A: Can I take a bus? B: Yes, ___34___ A: Oh, yes. Thanks a lot. B: ___35___

31. A. What do you want to do? B. Let me help you. C. What can I do for you? D. What can you do for me? 32. A. Can you call B. Can you say C. Do you help D. Can you tell

33. A. The railway station is new. B. The railway station is on you right.

C. The railway station is far. D. The railway station is beautiful.

34. A. there’s a bus stop over there. B. there’s a policeman over there.

C. there’re many people over there. D. there’s a railway station over there. 35. A. All right. B. Fine, thank you. C. That’s all. D. You’re welcome. IV.句型转换,每空一词。

A)完成句子,使上下两句意思一致。 36. She went home on foot yesterday. She _______ ______ yesterday. 37. I like the busy life. I like to _______ ______. 38. What is your favourite sport? ________ _____ is your favourite? 39. She often helps me with English. She often helps me _____ ____ English. 40. There was no rain last week. It ______ _____ last week.

B)按要求进行句式转换。

41. She had some bread this morning. (一般疑问句) Did she_____ _____ bread this morning?

42. He put the eggs in the basket. (对划线部分提问) ______ _____ he put the eggs?

43. Her sister is a careful girl. (改为感叹句) ______ ______ her sister is!

44. Is that a photo or a knife? (变为复数形式) Are those ____ or ______?

45. He writes a letter to his parents every month. (改为现在进行时)

He ______ ______ a letter to his parents now. V.完成下列句子,每空一词。 46. 我刚做完作业。

I ______ _______ my homework just now. 47. 做眼保健操对眼睛有益。

______ eye _____ is good for eyes. 48. 这个筐比那个筐重得多。

This basket is _______ _______ than that one. 49. 昨天晚上你没看电视吗?

_______ you _________TV last night? 50. 我想你吃得太多了。

I think you are eating_______ ______. VI.完形填空。

通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从51-60各题后A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

Small cars may take the place of (代替)big cars in the future (将来).There is 51 for only two people in such a car. If everyone __52_ such a car, there will be less pollution(污染)_53__ the air. There will also be more space for cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded (拥挤).The little cars will cost_ 55_ less. Driving will be _56_, too, as those little cars can go only 65 kilometres an hour .If big cars are still used along with

the small _57 , two kinds of roads will be _58 in the future. Some roads will be used _59 the big , fast cars, and _60 roads will be needed for the slower, smaller ones. 51. A. seat B. place C. a room D. space 52. A. pulls B. rides C. drives D. pushes 53. A. at B. in C. for D. on . A. park B. parking C. stop D. stopping 55. A. much B. many C. more D. lots of 56. A. dangerous B. safe C. safer D. worse 57. A. one B. ones C. seat D. seats 58. A. nees B. needs C. needing D. needed 59. A. for B. by C. in D.as

60. A. another B. others C. other D. the other Ⅶ.阅读理解(10%)

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

Women’s fashions (时装)change more quickly than men’s .In the early 1990’s, all women wore their skirts down to the ankle (脚踝).Today, some skirts are even longer than before, but some are very short .Women’s shoes have also gone through all sorts of changes in the last ninety –five years .For example, boots (靴)for women were very common at the beginning of the century .Then for years, they were not thought fashionable.Today, they’re back again in all colours, lengths (长度)and materials (材料). In fact, today’s women can wear all kinds of clothes on almost any occasion (场合). While all of these changes were taking place in women’s fashions, men’s clothing remained (保持)almost the same as it was a few years ago. And, in fact, most men are still dressed in the kinds of they used to wear.

61. Today women like to wear _____skirts.

A. long B. short C. neither long nor short D. both long and short

62. Boots are thought _____now.

A. uncommon B. fashionable C. fit for (适合) girls D. unfashionable

63. When today’s women attend (出席) the party, they wear_______.

A. any kinds of clothes they like B. long skirts and short boots

C. red long boots D. skirts down to the ankle . Men’s fashions _______.

A. change as women’s fashions do B. have also changed

C. are changing fast these years D. remain unchanged

65. The passage tried to tell us _____.

A. women’s shoes are back again in all colours, lengths, etc

B. today women are dressed in the kinds of clothes they used to wear

C. women’s fashions for clothes, shoes and so on always change

D. boots for women have been thought fashionable since 1900

强化训练答案:

I. 1. February 2. hospital 3. remember 4. front 5. minutes 6. quickly 7. twelfth 8. playing 9. foot 10. working 11—15 B D C A D

II. 16—20 C D C D A 21—25 C B A D D 26—30 C B B D A

III. 31—35 C D B AD

IV. 36. walked home 37. keep/ be busy 38. What sport 39. to learn 40. didn’t rain 41. have any 42. Where did 43. How careful 44. photos, knives 45. is writing

V. 46. finished doing 47. Doing, exercises 48. much heavier 49. Didn’t, watch 50. too much

VI. 51—55 D C B B A 56—60 C B D A D VII. 61—65 D B A D C

中考基础知识(JUNIOR BOOK II UNIT 15-28)

一.知识网络 【重点内容概要】 1.应答与邀请

2.简单句的五种基本句型

3.情态动词can,may,must的用法

4.When,before,after等连词引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句 5.Have to的用法 6.系动词

7.不定式作宾语的用法

8.不定代词的用法

9.表示容量的词和食品名称连用,以说明食品的数量 10.交际项目:1)问路和指路2)禁止和警告3)看病 11.理解并运用并列句

12.形容词和副词的比较级,以及它们之间等级的转换 13.冠词的用法 14.过去进行时用法

15.表示祝贺、祝愿、劝告和建议的交际用语,以及表示“确信”的基本句型

常考题型:选择题、句型转换及用所给词的适当形式填空 【句型、词组精讲】

1. Could you ask him to call me, please? 请你让他给我回电话好吗?

ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事,ask sb. not to do sth.请某人不要做某事。不定式在句中作宾语补足语。适用于该句型的动词还有want, tell, like, would like, teach等。如:The teacher asked Sam not to be late. 老师叫萨姆不要迟

到。Liu Ying told me to wait for her at home. 刘英让我在家里等她。Mr. Zhang often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food. 张先生常常教他的日本朋友做中国菜。

2. But there were not enough people to pick them. 但是他们没有足够多的人来摘苹果。

enough在此是形容词,意为“足够的”,它修饰名词时,通常放在名词之前,有时放在名词之后。

enough作副词修饰形容词和副词时,放在它们的后面。如:

The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩到了上学的年龄了。

He didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus. 他跑的不够快,没有赶上公共汽车。

3. They needed to climb up the trees with ladders. 他们需要梯子来爬上树。

need在本句中为实义动词,其后可接不定式或名词。如: He needs to see a doctor. 他需要去看医生。

We need some more water. Could you get some for us? 我们还需要些水。你能为我们弄些吗? climb up意为“爬上”,up在此为介词。如: Don’t climb up the hill. 不要爬山。 with 是“用,借助”的含义。如:

We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听。

4. It’s best to wear cool clothes. 最好穿凉快的衣服。 It’s best to do sth. 意为“最好去做某事”。这里的it为形式主语,真正的主语为to do sth. 如:

It’s best to get there before 8 o’clock. 最好八点钟以前赶到。

5. The farmers are all busy getting ready for the next year. 农民们正忙着为下一年做准备。

be busy doing sth. “忙于做某事”。如:The farmers are busy picking apples. (=The farmers are busy with the apple harvest.)

get ready for“为……做准备”,类似的短语还有:get ready to do“准备做……”;get sth. ready“把某事准备好”; …be ready “……准备好了”。如:I m getting ready for the new lesson. 我正在为新课做准备。Get your books ready. 准备好你们的书。Supper is ready. 晚饭准备好了。 6. “I’m here!” said Jim. “And so is Polly!” “我在这!”吉姆说。“波利也来了!”

“so + be (have,助动词)+主语”结构为倒装语序,表示前句所述的情况也适合于另一个人或事。如:

He can speak English, so can I. 他会讲英语,我也会。 —I watched the TV programme last night. 昨天晚上我看了那个电视节目。 —So did I. 我也看了。

注意此结构中,前后两后的主语是两个人或物,后一句的时态必须和前一句保持一致,但人称和数则应与后句主语保持一致。

比较:so+主语+be动词(助动词、情态动词),此结构常常就前面提到的事实予以确认或赞同,意为“的确如此”、“是

呀”等。如:

—It’s your turn. 轮到你了。 —So it is. 是的,轮到我了。

7. I’m going to get it back. 我准备把它取回来。 get …back…为“动词+副词”类短语。代词作宾语时要放在动词与副词中间。类似的短语还有:pick up, ring up, find out, turn on (off, up, down)等。如:

The radio is too noisy, please turn it down. 收音机太吵闹,请把它(声音)调低些。

If you don’t know the meaning of the word, please look it up in a dictionary. 如果你不知道这个单词的含义,请在辞典里查一下。

8. It takes sb. some time to do sth.

这是一个重要句型,意思是“某人花费一些时间做某事”,可根据需要用不同的时态。如:

It took me half an hour to go to school by bike yesterday. 有时这个句型可以和spend句型转换。如上面这一句也可以说:I spent half an hour (in) going to school

by bike yesterday. 9. It is nice +V-ing.

这个句型也可以说成It is nice to do. 意思是“做……真好”。如:It was nice talking to you. (和你谈话真高兴。)It’s nice of you to ask me to your party. (谢谢你请我参加你的晚会).

10. There’s something wrong with….

这个句型表示“……出了毛病了”。就等于Something is wrong with…. 句型。如将something换为nothing, 则表示“没出什么事儿”。如:There’s something wrong with my nose. There’s nothing wrong with her. 11. There he is!

这是个倒装句型,把所强调部分there提到了句首。如果主语是代词则用There (Here) + 代词+谓语;如果主语是名词,则用There (Here) +谓语+名词。如:Here comes Li Lei. (李雷来了)。There goes the bell. (铃声响了。)Here it is. (它在这儿。)

12. until

与till同义,既可用作介词又可用作连词。它常用于以下两种句型:

(1)用于肯定句时,意思是“直到……为止”,句子谓语一般用延续性动词(如stay, live, work, study等),表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。如:

He listened to the radio until his father came back. 他听收音机,直到他父亲回来为止。

He will be here until Sunday. 他将在这儿一直呆到星期天。

(2)用于否定句时,意思是“在……以前(before)”,“直到……才”,句子谓语一般是短暂动词(如come, die, leave等),它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。如: I didn’t go to bed until eleven o’clock last night. 昨晚我直到十一点才睡觉。

The students will not begin the meeting until their teacher comes. 学生们等老师到了才开会。

until与till可换用,不过,口语中常用till,正式文体中常用until。

13. interest, interested, interesting.

这三个词都与“兴趣”有关。interest作动词时,要求“人”作宾语。如:This new invention will interest you. 这项新发明会引起你的兴趣。它作名词时,所构成的词组是place of interest(名胜)。interested是过去分词表示人的感觉,现在常用作形容词,构成的句式是“be (become) interested in”来表示主语“对……感兴趣”之意,要求主语是“人”。如:I am interested in English. interesting是现在分词,表示事物具有能引起人们的某种感觉的能力。其意思是“有趣味的”,常用作形容词,可作定语和表语。其主语通常是事或物。如:interesting games can always make children happy.(有趣味的游戏总能使孩子们快乐。)The story is interesting. 14. instead, instead of

instead是副词,含“代替;更换”之意,可理解为instead of的省略,避免不必要的重复,省略的部分是介词of及其宾语,常放在句末。如:Mr. Black is ill, so Miss Green is talking his class instead (of him). instead of是个复合介词,它后面可接名词、代词、V-ing形式等。如:I’ll go to bed instead of watching TV. 我将睡觉,而不看电视。

【口语回顾】

1. Could I speak to…,please?

电话术语,意为“我可以和……通话吗?找……接电话好吗?”句中Could 还可替换为Can或May。如: —Hello, could (can/ may) I speak to Mr. Brown, please? 你好,请布朗先生接电话好吗?

—Yes, just a minute, please. 当然,请稍等一下。 2. I’m afraid.

委婉用语。用于礼貌地拒绝某人或对其发生或将要发生的不幸表示惋惜。意为“抱歉,对不起,恐怕”。如: I can’t come to supper, I’m afraid. 恐怕我不能去吃晚饭了。

—Can you go with us now? 你现在能同我们一起去吗? —I’m afraid not. 对不起,我不能。 —Are we late? 我们晚了吗? —I’m afraid so. 恐怕是的。

3. It’s a pleasure.

用于回答感谢之类的话的客套用语。意为“能帮上你的忙我很高兴;不客气;不用谢。”它还可表达为It’s my pleasure/ My pleasure / A pleasure. 如:

—Thank you very much for passing the message on to him! 非常感谢你把口信传给了他! —It’s a pleasure! 请别客气!

—Thanks for helping me yesterday! 多谢你昨天帮助我! —My pleasure! Nice to see you again. 不用谢!很高兴又见到你!

4. Can I take a message for you?

询问对方是否愿意留下口信可用此句式。意为“我给你带个口信,好吗?”类似的表达还有:May I take a message for you? / Would you like to leave a message? 5. by the way.

常用作插入语。用于提出一个新的话题或提起一件已经忘记的事,意为“顺便说一下,顺便问一下,且说,另外”等。

如:

—By the way, there was a telephone call for you. 对啦,有你一个电话。

6. What’s the weather like…?

此句式用于询问某地或某时天气如何,意为:“……的天气如何?”。还可表达为How is (the) weather…?如: —What’s the weather like in Beijing now? 现在北京天气如何?

—It’s nice and cool. 很凉

爽。 7. I think so.

有保留地同意或赞同别人的意见或看法时,可用此语。如: —Can you mend the bike? 你能修理这辆自行车吗? —Yes, I think so. 我想可以。

直截了当地表达不同意见,可用I don’t think so或I think not。如:

—Can you mend a clock? —Sorry, I don’t think so. 8. Would you like to…?

发出邀请的常见句式,带有商量、询问、试探性的口气,意为“你愿意……吗?”应答时常用:Yes, I’d love (like) to. 是的,我很乐意。I’d love to, but ……我很愿意,不过……。如:

—Would you like to come for dinner tonight? —Thank you, I’d love to.

—Would you like to come to the party tonight? —I’d love to, but I’m too busy. 9. What can I do for you?

商店售货员、报务员等招呼顾客的礼貌用语,也用于表示主动关心和愿意帮助别人用语。不同场合可以有不同的译法。类似的表达还有:Can (May) I help you? / Is there anything I can do for you? 在向顾客打招呼时,后面还可以加“sir”或“madam”。对它的应答可以说:Yes, please/ Yes, I’d like

to…/ Yes, I’m looking for…/ Yes, I want to…。如: —What can I do for you?

—I want to buy a sweater for my son. —Can I help you?

—I’d like a new skirt. Please show me the red one. 10. Help oneself (to…).

这是招待客人时常用的交际用语。意思是“请随便(吃……)”。如:Xiao Wang, help yourself to some bananas.(小王,请随便吃香蕉吧。)Children, help yourselves to some apples.(孩子们,请随便吃些苹果吧。) 11. 问路与指路 (1) 问路:

a. Where’s the (nearest)…,please? b. Is there a…near there? c. Which is the way to…, please? d. How can I get to…?

e. Do you tell me the way to…? f. Can you tell me the way to…? g. Can you tell me how to get to…? h. I want to go to…. Do you know the way? i. I’m looking for…. Where is it, do you know? (2) 指路:可根据具体情况,将下列有关句子组织起来。 a. It’s over there.

b. It’s behind (next to, in front of, near, outside) the… c. Walk along the road (street).

d. Take the first (second等) turning on the left. (right). e. It’s about…metres along on the right (left). f. Walk on and turn right. (left).

g. Turn right (left) at the traffic lights. You’ll find the…on your right (left).

h. Go on until you reach the end of the road. You will see

the…in front of you.

i. Go down this road until you reach the first traffic lights. Turn left at the end of the road you’ll see the…. You can’t miss it.

另外,在“问路”时,如对方不知道,问路人仍要向他表示谢意。如:

—Excuse me. Is there a post office near here? —Sorry. I don’t know. You’d better ask a policeman. —Thank you all the same. 【语法精讲】 否定疑问句

否定疑问句的结构一般为:助动词(或情态动词、连系动词)与not的缩写形式+主语+其它成分?也可写成:

助动词(或情态动词、连系动词)+主语+ not + 其它成分?这种问句表达的含义主要有以下几种。

一、表示惊讶或提出反问。译为:“难道不……吗?”说话人指望对方作出肯定回答,或深信自己所说的话,以致不需要

对方作出答复。如:

Don t you believe me? (Do you not believe me?)你不相信我?

Don t you hear of it? (Do you not hear of it?)难道你没听说过它?

二、表示试探性的建议或有礼貌的邀请。如:

Don t you think it s too noisy? Please turn it down.你不觉得它太吵闹了吗?请把声音调低些。

Won t you have a cup of tea? 请喝杯茶如何?

三、表示提问人的怀疑。如: Isn t he going? (Is he not going) 他不去了吗?

四、表示赞叹(相当于一个感叹句,朗读时一般用降调。)如:

Isn’t it a nice day? (Is it not a nice day?)这天气多么好啊! Aren t the babies lovely? (Are the babies not lovely?)这些婴儿真可爱啊!

特殊形式的反意疑问句

一、当陈述部分为Iam…结构时,附加问句常用aren t. 如: I am very busy , aren t I ?

二、当陈述句部分是there be 句型时,附加部分需用…there。如:

There isn t any bread on the plates, is there? 三、陈述句谓语动词为have时,有以下三种情况: 1.当have作“有”解时,用have或do的适当形式均可。 He has a daughter, hasn t/doesn t he?

2.当have 作“经历、遭受、得到、吃、喝”等解时,附加问句用do的适当形式。如:

They had noodles for lunch, didn t they?

3.当陈述句谓语动词含有 have to, has to, had to时,附加问句用do 的适当形式。如:

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don t we? Alice has to finish her work now, doesn t she?

四、当陈述部分有:few/little/never/hardly/nothing等表示否定意义的词时,附加问句通常用肯定形式。如: He hardly hurt himself in the accident, did he? The Canadian girl knows little Russian, does she? Kate is never later for class, is she? 注:如果陈述部分带有否定意义的前、后缀如:

un-/in-/im-/dis-/-less等构成的派生词,仍把该句看作肯定句,附加问句用否定形式。如: The girl is unhappy, isn t she?

五、当陈述部分的主语是anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, everybody, everyone, no one, none, neither等词时,附加问句的主语一般用they, 有时也可用he。如:

Everyone knows the answers, don t they? /doesn t he? 六、当陈述句中主语是this, that, everything, anything, something, nothing等词时,附加问句的主语是it。如: Something is wrong, isn t it?

Nothing can stop us now, can it?

七、当陈述部分含有had better时,附加问句的助动词用had;陈述部分含有would like时,附加问句的助动词用would。如:

You d better have a rest, hadn t you? He d like to go, wouldn t he?

八、当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,附加问句部分要视must所表示的意义来定,有四种情况:

1.当must表示推测时,附加问句不用must,而是用must后面相呼应的助动词形式。如: You must be very hungry, aren t you?

2.当must表示“应该“时,附加问句用mustn t。如: We must work hard at Chinese, mustn t we? 3.当must表示“必须”时,附加问句用needn t。如: You must see the doctor, needn t you?

4.当must表示“禁止”时,附加问句用must。如:

You mustn t do that again, must you? 九、祈使句的附加问句主要有以下四种情况:

1.以行为动词开头的祈使句,附加问句用will you 或won t you,有时也用would you, can you等。如 Give me a hand, will you?

2.否定的祈使句,附加问句一般用will you。如: Don t play with the cat, will you?

3.以Let s开头的祈使句,附加问句用shall we。如:Let s have a meeting, shall we?

4.以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句,附加句用will you。如:

Let us help you, will you?

Let me do it for you, will you? (或may I?)

十、当陈述部分的主句是I think, I guess, I believe等结构时,附加问句的主谓语一般要与陈述部分宾语从句中的主谓语保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移。如:

I don t think he can finish the work, can he? I guess she taught herself Japanese, didn t she? 十一、陈述部分是省略形式的感叹句,附加问句的主语与感叹句的主语保持一致。如: What fine weather, isn t it? What a clever boy, isn t he? How cool the water is, isn t it?

十二、陈述部分主语是不定式、动名词或从句时,附加问句部分的主语用it。如:

To learn English well is very important, isn t it?

Doing morning exercises is good for your health, isn t it? 感叹句

1.感叹句由what或how引导,句末常用感叹号,用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感。

2.What引导感叹句时,在句中作定语修饰句中的名词,名词前常有形容词修饰。其结构为:

(1)What +a(an) +形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语! (2)What +形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如: What a nice picture it is! 多么好的一幅画啊! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊! What bad weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊!

3.How引导感叹句,在句中作状语修饰形容词、副词。其结构为:

(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!

(2)How+形容词+ a(an)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如: How delicious they are! 它们多么好吃啊! How well she is singing! 她唱得多么好啊! How nice a day it is! 多么好的天气啊!

4.感叹句中主语和谓语总是放在句末,且为陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后,放在前面的是强调的部分。在口语中,只要能将句意表达清楚明白,可将句中的主语、谓语省略,甚至How后面的强调部分也可省略。如:

What a happy baby (it is)! 多么快乐的婴儿啊!

How cold (it is)! 多冷的天气啊! How (fast) time flies! 时间过得真快啊! 5.陈述句变感叹句时可按下列步骤进行:

(1)首先将陈述句在谓语后面断开。如:The tree is/ very tall. Lily is/ a good girl.

(2)在后一部分前加how或what。判断的依据是:如果后一部分的中心词是形容词或副词则加how,如果后一部分的中心词是名词要加what。然后将前后两部分位置进行调换,注意大小写及标点符号的调整。如:How tall the tree is! What a good girl Lily is!

注意:如果陈述句中的形容词或副词前有very, quite, so, too等程度副词修饰,变成感叹句后一定要去掉。 简单句 并列句 复合句分解

1. 简单句 由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫做简单句。

I go to school at 7:00 every day.(一个主语和一个谓语)

Wang Nan and Wang Fan sing and dance.(二个主语和二个谓语)

在初中阶段,我们应该掌握简单句的五种基本结构: (1)主语+谓语(S+V) We study hard for the people.

在这种结构中,谓语动词是不及物动词(vi.),其后不跟宾语。

(2)主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) She speaks English.

They play basketball after class.

(3)主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) Wang Hongji is a good student.

连系动词除be外,还有look(看上去),get(逐渐变得),turn(变成),feel(感觉),become(变成)等等。 (4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+In O+DO) She bought me a pen yesterday.

He has taught us English for 3 years.

这种结构可转化为“主语+谓语+直接宾语+for (或to) +间接宾语”。如:She bought a pen for me yesterday. (5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) We can keep it warm. They call me Lao Wang. He asked me to help him with his English.

注意:在此结构中,宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的“主谓”关系。

另外,有些简单句结构比较特殊,包含一个字 或一个成份。如:Good morning! Hello! Thanks! Happy New Year.等。 2.并列句 由并列连词(and, but, so, or等)把两个(或两个以上)简单句连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。 He helps me and I help him.

We bought granny a present, but she didn t like it. This is our first lesson, so I don t know all your names. 3.复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子称复合句。所谓“从句”就是充当一个句子成份的“主谓结

构”。这个“主谓结构”在主句中作什么成份,就叫什么从句。比如,这个“结构”在主句中做状语,我们就把它叫做状语从句。这个“结构”在主句中做宾语,我们就把它叫做宾语从句,等等。从句须有一个引导词来引导。如: You must see the doctor if you re ill. 主句 从句

此句中含有if(如果)引导的从句,表示条件,因为它在主句中作状语,所以,我们就把它叫做“条件状语从句”。在初中阶段,我们应该掌握状语从句和宾语从句。下面对状语从句作一归纳总结。

(1)时间状语从句:由表示时间的连词引导:when (当……时), while(当……时候,与……同时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),until(直到……为止),since(自从……以来),as soon as(一……就……)等。如: When she reached home, she had a short rest.

(2)条件状语从句:由连词if引导。如: If you eat old food, you may be ill.

需要说明的是,上述两种从句,如果主句是一般将来时(或

含有将来的意思),那么,这两种从句中的谓语动词应用一般现在时。如:不能说If I will be free tomorrow, I will go to the cinema. 而应说 If I am free tomorrow, I will go to the cinema.

(3)原因状语从句:由because等词引导。如: The children went to the farm, because the farmers needed some help.

注意:不能因为汉语中有“因为……,所以……”这样的关联词而译成英语“Because…,so…”,两者只用其中之一便可。如:不能说Because he is ill, so he can t come to school.而应说Because he is ill, he can t come to school.或He is ill, so he can t come to school.

(4)比较状语从句:由连词than, as…as…等引导。如: Jim is older than I (am).

He runs as fast as Li Ping (does).

注意:由than, as…as…引导的状语从句中的谓语动词常常省略

(5)结果状语从句:由so…that…(如此……以致……)引导。

如:

He became so angry that he couldn t speak.

另外,在so…that…引导的复合句中,如果that后的从句为否定句或含有否定意义,则常用“too…to…(太……而不能……)”改写为简单句。如上一句可改写为He became too angry to speak. 情态动词 特点

(1)本身有一定的词义。

(2)必须与后面动词原形一起构成谓语。 (3)无人称和数的变化。

(4)各种句式变化与含be动词句式变化相同。 1. can

(1)表示能力。如: He can do it by himself.

Two eyes can see more than one.(谚语)

(2)表示允许。如:

Can I come in? You can go now.

在这种情况下,它与may意思接近,可换用,但问句中用may比用can语气委婉。

(3)与be able to在表示能力上意思接近,可换用,但be able to 有更多的时态,而can只有现在时和过去时。如: No one can do it. (=No one is able to do it.)

Will you be able to come tonight? (不能说:Will you can come tonight?)

(4)其过去式could可用来比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。此时,could和can没时间上的差别。如: Could (Can) you lend me your bike? 2. may

(1)请示许可。如:May I take this seat?

但在回答这种问句时,常避免用may这个词,而用其它方式。如:

肯定回答:Yes, please. Certainly. 否定回答:Please don t. No, you mustn t. (2)谈论可能性。如: He may know the answer. She may not be there today.

3. must (1)表示一种揣测(只有在肯定句中)。如:That must be Xiao Li.

(2)表示必要性。如:I must go now.

(3)与have to 很接近,但have to强调客观需要,must说明主观看法。比较:

I must tidy the room. (主观看法) I have to tidy the room.(客观需要)

(4)在回答must的一般问句时,否定用needn t。如: -Must we do it?

-Yes, you must. (No, you needn t) 4. have to 必须,不得不

这个情态动词与上述3个不同,它有第三人称单数形式has,并且各种句式的变化与含有行为动词的句式变化相同。如:They have to go there. 否定结构为:

They don t have to go there. He has to look after his little brother.

一般问句为:Does he have to look after his little brother? 二.考试热点

1.通过大量的有关邀请、应允、打电话谈论天气、季节、喜好的对话,学会交际用语,此内容常见于中考的口语运用题。

2.掌握一般将来时will的用法,形容词与副词的用示及反意疑问句等,此内容常见于中考的书面表达题中。

3.要求掌握情态动词(can, may, must, need)、反身代词、不定代词的用法,其考点常出现在选择填空题中。

4.理解并掌握由when, before, after引导的时间状语从句;if引导的条件状语从句;and, but连接的并列句。其考点常出现在选择题或句型转换题中。 三.重难点突破

1.关于问路、指路和看病的常用句式是非常重要的交际用语,只要熟读,是容易掌握的。

2.情态动词事主动词,但它无人称代词和数的变化。在使用时,首先要依据语境和所表示的语气来区分。其次注意在疑问句中的否定回答。如:May I…?No,you mustn’t. Must I…?No,you needn’t.

3.when,after,before,if这四个词的用法如下:当它们连接时间(或条件)状语从句时,若主句为祈使句一般现在时或一般讲来时时,从句要用一般现在时表示讲来时。 4.until用法复杂,它分为两种情况使用:当它引导的复合句的主句谓语动词为终止性动词时,他要用否定形式,即not…until作“直到……才”解。它引导的从句时态要求与上述when的用法基本相同。

5.must与have to do用法区别:

must表示说话者的主观愿望,作“必须”解,它本身可以构成

疑问句和否定句。而have to指客观要求,作“不得不”解。它有时态变化,不能直接构成疑问和否定。

6.stop doing表示“停止做…,而stop to do则表示“停下来(去)做(另外一件事)。”

7.neither...nor,either…or,both…and

neither...nor “既不……也不” ,连接主语时,谓语动词要与离谓语最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,同时它要修饰对等成分,它的反义词是both...and both...and \"既……又” 连接主语时,谓语动词要用复数,必须修饰对等成分。either...or \"或者......或者” ,“要么……要么”,连接主语时,谓语的数

由离它最近的主语决定,它也要修饰对等成分。另注意both用法,由以下例句可知其位置关系 The two students are both from Japan. The two students both come from Japan. Both the students are Japanese. Both of them are Japanese.

8.关于不定代词的用法。

1)some或与some构成的合成词一般只用在肯定的陈述句中,但若表示询问,征求意见时,可以用于疑问句中;any或与any构成的合成词一般只翔于否定句或疑问句。 2)当形容词修饰不定代词时,应将形容词放在所修饰的不定代词之后。

9.关于so + be(情态动词或助动词)+主语。

这是so引导的倒装句,这种句子是指前句所述情况也适合另一个(或另一些)人或物,以免重复。在使用这一结构时,要注意谓语动词的时态要与上一句保持一致。这种结构译为“……也是这样。”而so+主语+谓语结构,意为“……确实如此。”用时要注意区分。 10.几种比较等级的转换

1) At… than B ---- B + not so (as)…as A ---- B+…less…than A

如:This book is more difficult than that one. ---- That book is not so difficult as this one.

---- That book is less difficult than this one. 2)主语+最高级+范围

---- 主语+比较级than any other + 范围 如:.Jim is the shortest boy in my class. Jim is shorter than any other boy in my class. 3) prefer A to B ---- like A better than B

11.see sb.do/doing看见某人做/在做某事。接do表示动作的全过程,接doing表示动作在进行中。类似用法的词还有watch,hear。

12.find it + adj + to do结构,表示感觉做某事怎么样。 13.or当“否则”,“不然”用祈使句+ or + 陈述句(用will的将来时)

此句式可以改为:

If引导否定条件句,陈述句。 另请注意这种结构:

祈使句+and(then)+陈述句。(用will的将来时) if引导的肯定

条件句,陈述句。 14.反身代词

1)反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves。

2)反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。

如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强语气。如: I can do it myself. 3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有:enjoy oneself,help oneself to,learn by oneself,teach oneself,(all)by oneself,leave...by oneself,lose oneself in等。在使用反身代词时,应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较:“Help yourselves to some fish,Tom and Mike.”I can’t leave the girl by herself。 四. 典型例题

【例1】The young man drives ______ than he did three months ago.

A. much carefully B. much more careful

C. mach careful D. much more carefully

分析 此题从两个方面考查学生:一是多音节词的比较级;二是形容词与副词如何使用。句中有than提醒学生该用比较级,而句中drives是动词,修饰动词应该用副词。故B、C两答案不行。而多音节词的比较级在词前加上more,再要加上much是修饰程度,“小心得多了”,此题答案应为D。 【例2】1) China is one of ______in the world. A. the oldest country B. the oldest countries

C. much older country D .much older countries

2) — How great Dalian Radio and TV centre looks! —Yes. That s one of the greatest _________ in Dalian.

A. building B. build C. buildings D.

builds

分析 one of表示“……的一个”是整体的一部分。整体部分要用复数形式,1)题中A、C两答案不行。句中的“in the world”是表示最高级的范围,故D答案也不行,所以B答案才对。2)题中A、B不行:D答案的builds不是名词的复数形式,故答案为C。

【例3】Tom often has lunch at school, ______ ? A. doesn t Tom B. doesn t he C. hasn’t he D. hasn’t Tom

分析 此题考查反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句构成:一、前为肯定陈述句,后为否定简略问句;二、前为否定陈述句,后为肯定简略问句。此题前为肯定,所以后者要用否定形式并且问句中的主语应改为人称代词(he),所以A、D不行。has lunch“吃中饭”中的has不是助动词,故要借助动词does,所以正确答案为B。这里要提醒的是如果反意疑问句陈述部分有no, nobody, never, few, little, hardly等含有否定意思的词,后面的反问部分就要用肯定形式。

【例4】They arrived in Guangzhou _______ the morning of May 25.

A. at B. in C. on D. during

分析 此题考查的是介词表示时间的用法。英语中“在早上、下午、晚上”的表示为in the morning/ afternoon/ evening。但如果morning, afternoon, evening前或后有修饰语的话,则表示某一特定(某天的)上午、下午、晚上,要用介词on,故此题答案为C。

【例5】 There is_______ with my bike. I hurt myself. A. anything wrong B. something wrong C. wrong anything D. wrong something 分析 此题考查形容词修饰不定代词后置的问题。英语中something, anything, nothing如有形容词修饰,则放于不定代词之后。该句是肯定句,所以A、B、C中有anything不行,那么B、D中只有B才是对的。

【例6】 Even the top students in our class can t work out this problem, so it _____ be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need 分析 此题考查学生对情态动词的理解。情态动词后都接动词原形,而且无人称和数的变化,但各个情态动词有它自己的

含义。can表示能力“能、会”之意;may表示允许、猜测“可以,可能”之意;must表示“一定,必须”;need表示“需要”。此句中的上句表示连最拔尖的学生也算不出这道题,那一定是题目非常难。所以从句子的理解答案应为B。 【例7】句型转换

The box was so heavy that she couldn t carry it. (改为简单句)

The box was ______ heavy ______ her ______ carry. 分析 此题考查学生对句型及表达方法多样化的掌握。so…that(如此……以致),可以和too…to(太……而不能)互相转换,所以此三空应填too,for,to。

【例8】The little girl ______ go back home ______ she finished cleaning the classroom.

A. doesn t, until B. doesn t, and C. didn t, until D. didn t, while

分析 此题考查学生对句子的理解。小女孩是扫完了地才回家的。应用not…until(直到……才)句型。答案从A和C中去选择,因为句中的finished是过去时,所以其前面的否定形

式也要用过去时,那么此题答案应为C。

【例9】It was late. She washed her face ______ went to bed.

A. or B. so C. and D. but

分析 此题陈述的是“她”前后两个动作,并不表示选择、因果、转折关系,故答案为C。 【例 10】时态填空题

“Stop ______ (write), and listen to me, please,” said Mr. Brown.

分析 stop to do sth与stop doing sth表示的意思是不同的。前者是“停下来去做另一件事”,而后者是“停止正在做的事”。此题Mr. Brown要求听他说,所以应停止写字,那么这里应填writing一词。 【例11】同义句转换

She was very angry. She could say nothing. She was ______ angry to say ______.

分析 此题“她太生气而什么也说不出”,表示结果可以用too…to来替换。由于too…to本身含有否定含义,而

nothing=not anything。所以此两格应填too, anything. 【例12】 We won’t go to the Great wall if it _______ tomorrow.

A. rains B. rain C. will rain D. raining

分析 此题考查if引导的条件状语从句的动词时态。if引导的条件状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,本题从句的主语是it,为第三人称单数形式,其动词要加s,故答案为A。

【例13】 (北京市石景山区,2020最新)His bag fell off bike.He stopped it up.

A.pick D.picks C.picked D. to pick 分析 此题是考查stop的用法。stop to do表示“停下来去做另一件事”,而stop doing则表示“停止正在做的事”o由题意知是停下来去捡,所以选D。

解后反思 在解决一词多种用法时,应先弄懂各自含义,然后再考虑语境。

【例14】 (贵阳市,2020最新)We won’t go to Huaxi Park

if it next Sunday.

A. will rain B,rain C. rainy D. rains 分析 此题考查证引导的条件状语从句主从句时态关系。if引导时间或条件状语从句若主句为祈使句,或一般现在时,从句用一般现在时,所以A不符合,而B与it不符,故D为正确答案。

【例15】(福州市,2020最新) 一Do you live by yourself,Mr. Wang?

Yes.I have two sons.But of them lives with me.They are now studying in America. A. neither B.both C. none D.either 分析 此题考查这四个词的用法。both用于“两者都”,作主语时谓语用复数,它要修饰复数名词; neither是both的反义词,它指“两者都不”,它修饰单数名词,作主语谓语用单数。both of+复数名词(成代词),作主语谓语用复数;neither of+复数名词(或代词),作主语谓语用单数. none指“(三者或三者以上)一个都不”可用于人或物,它作主语时谓语可用单数或复数,它的反义词是all,all指“三者或三者以上都”,它作主语时谓语用复数。

either指“两者之一”,修饰单数名词,作主语谓语用单数,本题由two sons和but及lives知答案为A。

解后反思 弄清所表达的数量范围并结合语境是正确选择的根本。

【例16】(广州市,2020最新)Your sister works very hard,and

A. so you are B. so you do C.so are you D.so do you

分析 由题意知,本题考查so+谓+主语这一结构,该结构谓语的时态应与前句一致,数却由后主语决定,所以选Do 【例17】(呼和浩特市,2020最新) I hear you’re got a set of Australia stamps. I have a look? 一Yes,Certainly.

A. Do B.May C.Shall D.Should

分析 此题考查如何正确使用这四个词。A项在此是构成一般现在时的疑问助动词,无实义。C项用于第一人称疑问句中表“征求”或“询问”,D是C项的过去式,由题意可知此处

是表“请求”,B项正合题意。

解后反思 由例句可以看出掌握情态动词的含义和用法并结合语境去分析才能做出正确选择。

【例18】(南通市,2020最新)June’s brother didn’t work so as the others didin’ this class.

A.harder B.hard C.hardest D.hardly 分析 此题考查so...as的用法。Not so…as表“不和……一样”,它要带形容词或副词的原级,故A、C不对,而hardly为“几乎不”,所以选B。

解后反思 as(so)...as究竟是形容词原级还是副词原级与谓语动词有关。当谓语为行为动词时,则用副词原级;当谓语为连系动词时,则用形容词原级。另外so…as只能用于否定句。

【例19】 (泉州市,2020最新)The boy is to take care of him self.

A.enough old B.enough young C. old enough D.young enough

分析 此题考查enough的用法。enough修饰形容词或副

词时,应放在所修饰词之后,故A、B可排除。题意为他已到能自理的年龄了。故选C。

【例20】 (北京市海淀区,2020最新)The English novel is quite easy for you.There’ re—words in it.

A. a little B.little C.a few D. few 分析 此题考查这四个词的用法。由题意easy for you知表肯定意义的a few,a little可排除,又由words是可数名词,应选D。

解后反思 a few修饰可数名词,表肯定。few修饰可数名词,表否定。

a little修饰不可数名词,表肯定。little修饰不可数名词,表否定。

【例21】(河南省,2020最新) 一I won’t go to the party tomorrow.

you told me you should.What’s happening?

A.But B.So C.And D.Or 分析 此题考查连词的用法。but是转折连词表转折,so表

因果关系,and是顺承或并列关系,无实义,or表选择关系,由原题句意可知是转折关系。此题选A

解后反思 解答考查连词的题应考虑句子之间关系并要和题意相结合。

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