预测试题 Section A Mini-Lecture In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
Structure of the Canadian Government I. Introduction A. Canadian government system is thought to imitate British system. —Canada’s government system is often called (1) democracy. —Canada has much in common with other colonies. B. Differences coexist with similarities between Canadian and British systems. —because Canada is a huge but (2) country II. Official head —The Queen is the official head who is represented by a (3) . —Both are only (4) leaders III. System of Government —Canada is a federation with each province and territory having much power. — (5) being the government for the whole nation —a combination of federalism with British system —British system was preferred to American system mainly because the latter was considered (6) . IV. Parliament A. Two parts: —a lower house: the House of Commons —an upper house: Senate B. MPs represent particular electoral districts C. Electoral districts are determined by its population instead of (7) . —disadvantage: a(n) (8) exists between densely-populated provinces and sparsely-settled regions. D. The Prime Minister — the most important person in Canadian government. —theleader of the (9) in the parliament —choosing the Cabinet, whose members are responsible for different areas E. The Senate is appointed by the Governor General. —sharing more similarity with the (10) in the UK (1)_______ (2)______ (3) ______ (4) ______ (5) ______ (6)______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______ —Senators more equally being chosen from each region Section B Interview
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
1. According to the man, the most important quality of a good manager is [A] the ability of combing things. [B] truthfulness.
[C] the ability of solving problems. [D] approachability.
2. In the man’s view, having staff working together [A] is difficult to manage.
[B] can create stronger sense of responsibility. [C] can make some individuals be neglected. [D] can raise everyone’s performance.
3. What is the best way of raising team work performance? [A] Taking advantage of some key employees.
[B] Giving every employee praise and encouragement. [C] Establishing strict company discipline. [D] Giving fair treatment to every employee.
4. What does the man suggest with regards to recruitment?
[A] Written personality tests should be given enough importance. [B] The applicant’s knowledge and skills should be outstanding.
[C] The applicant’s knowledge and skills should be appropriate to the actual job. [D] The applicant should give a prepared training session.
5. It can be inferred form the interview that as a manager the man is [A] unapproachable. [B] of no distance. [C] of strict discipline.
[D] friendly but with certain distance.
Section C News Broadcast
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
Question 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
6. What is the decision of German Chancellor Angela Merkel with Greece? [A] She will help Greece with tough economic measures.
[B] She will give Greece some financial aid to stabilize the euro. [C] She will not give Greece financial aid.
[D] She will consider whether help Greece or not.
7. Surveys show that most Germans ______the idea of helping Greece. [A] welcome [B] hate
[C] don’t care about [D] are considering
Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news. 8. What is the topic of the news? [A] The safety of Hollywood sign. [B] The glamour of Hollywood sign. [C] The cost of Hollywood sign. [D] The removal of Hollywood sign.
9. What is the final result with the Hollywood sign? [A] Four luxury homes will be built on the site.
[B] The lands surrounding the famous sign won’t be built on. [C] The lands will be turned into a park.
[D] Founder of Playboy magazine, Hugh Hefner has bought the lands.
Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
10. Which of the following is INCORRECT?
[A] Obama urged Wall Street bankers to support his proposals. [B] Obama believed in a free market.
[C] America’s financial system is to be reformed.
[D] Obama’s proposals are to be welcomed among Wall Street bankers.
答疑解惑
Section A Mini-Lecture 【听力原文】 Good afternoon, everyone. Today we’ll be continuing our discussion of the Canadian government, with the focus on its structure. [1]As a former British colony, Canada’s system of government was based on the British system of parliamentary democracy. This is often referred to as “Westminster-style” democracy, named after the British House of Commons. Like other colonies like New Zealand and Australia, many Canadian laws, political practices and 【答案解析】 1. Westminster-style 【解析】本讲座主要介绍加拿大政府的结构，内容从官方首领(the official head)、加拿大政府体系( the Canadian system of government)和加拿大国会(the Canadian parliament)三部分展开。在讲座的开头，演讲者就提到，加拿大政府体系was based on the customs were brought from the “Old Country” and adapted to the different conditions of the new country. At first glance, the similarity between British and Canadian political conditions are great; [2]but when we look more closely, we can see important differences which have arisen from the experience of governing a huge but sparsely populated country. We’ll divide our discussion into three parts: the official head, the Canadian system of government and the Canadian parliament. Now, first, the official head of Canada. Like Britain, Canada is a monarchy. The official head of state is the Queen, who is also the Queen of Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other former British colonies. The Queen is Canada’s queen in her own right, if, for example, Britain decided to become a republic, the Queen would still be the Queen of Canada. [3]Because she does not live in Canada, she is represented by an official called a Governor General. When heads of state visit Canada, they will first be greeted by the Governor General, before being welcomed by the Prime Minister. [4]Both the Queen and the Governor General occupy roles which are largely ceremonial. Most Canadians would be unable to tell you the name of the current Governor General, or identify him or her in a picture. And while the Queen and her family are regarded with affection by most Canadians, the monarchy as such bears little relevance to the governing of modern Canada. We see that Canada and Britain have the same official head of state. Then, what is special about the Canadian government as compared against the British government? This brings us to the second part of our discussion, the system of government. The biggest difference between Canada and the UK is that Canada is a federation--that is, it has ten provinces and two territories, each with their own government，which have joined to form one country. [5]The government of the whole country is referred to as the “federal government”, to distinguish it from the lower level governments of each province. These provinces all have a great deal of power in relation to the federal government. Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a British system of government, a British system of parliamentary democracy(基于英国议会制民主政府而建立)，often referred to as “Westminster-style” democracy (常被称作“威斯敏斯特式”的民主政府)。因此本题答案为Westminster-style，注意首字母大写。 2. sparsely populated 【解析】讲座开头说加拿大政府体系仿效英国议会制民主政府建立，二者之间乍一看(at first glance)共性很多，接着but一词提示转折：细看(look more closely)会发现很大差别，而差别have arisen from the experience of governing a huge but sparsely populated country，即源于加拿大地域广阔，人口稀少。本题所在处即针对差别产生的原因，答案为sparsely populated。 3. Governor General 【解析】本题所在处针对对官方首领的介绍。讲座中提到，女王不住在加拿大，而是represented by an official called a Governor General，即由总督(Governor General)代表。 4. ceremonial 【解析】在介绍官方首领时，演讲者还提到，Both the Queen and the Governor General occupy roles which are largely ceremonial，即女王和总督都只是行使礼仪方面的职能，因此两者都是礼仪性的领导，即ceremonial leaders。 5. federal government 【解析】本题所在处针对加拿大的政府体系。在这一部分，演讲者首先提到，加拿大政府与英国政府最大的不同就是前者是一个federation(联邦政府)，接着说加拿大政府is referred to as the “federal government”，用于与省model which was later applied to other areas in the British Commonwealth，notably in Australia, Malaysia, Nigeria and India--large countries with powerful regional and ethnic divisions. Canada’s founding fathers of Confederation, who, between 1864 and 1867, had to decide what sort of government the new country was to have, choose the British model of government over the model being enacted in the United States. The American system was characterized by “checks and balances” on political power. In contrast, the founding fathers preferred the British system because they wanted a strong central government. [6]The British model offered “strength, order and authority”, which they thought was preferable to the weakness of the American system. In the American system, the President and the Congress frequently battle over policy. Finally, we’ll talk about the Canadian parliament. The Canadian parliament is divided into a lower house, the House of Commons, and an upper house called the Senate. Canadians vote in elections for people they want to represent them in the House of Commons. These Members of Par1iament (MPs) each fill a “seat” in the House of Commons, which represents a particular electoral district. [7]Electoral districts are based on population rather than geographic size, so there are more MPs from urban areas and very few from the sparsely settled, wilder regions of Canada. The House of Commons contains about three hundred seats. [8]Because most of the Canadian population is concentrated in Ontario and Quebec, these two provinces have the most seats, and therefore the most power in the House of Commons. This has caused a lot of trouble because the provinces with smaller populations feel they are not adequately listened to by “Central Canada”. For example，in the 1997 election, because of its large population, Ontario elected one hundred and three MPs, whereas the prairie provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba each only had fourteen MPs. As is the case in Britain, MPs generally all belong to political patties. [9]The party that wins the most seats forms the government; the party leader becomes Prime Minister, and so, like in the UK, the most important person in Canadian government is the Prime Minister. The Cabinet, chosen by the Prime Minister, consists of senior MPs from the governing party. They are usually given particular areas 级政府区别开来。因此本题答案也就为联邦政府，即federal government。 6. weak 【解析】在介绍加拿大政府体系的最后，演讲者提到了为什么加拿大政府会仿效英国政府体系，而非美国政府体系，原因就在于The British model offered “strength, order and authority”, which they thought was preferable to the weakness of the American system，即英国模式是一种“力量、秩序、权威”模式，而美国模式则较软弱。本题所在处即针对这一原因，答案为weak。注意填weakness的形容词形式。 7. geographic size 【解析】本题所在处针对加拿大的议会。在介绍完其two parts和MPs后，演讲者提到, Electoral districts are based on population rather than geographic size，即选区是由人口而非面积决定的，因此答案为geographic size。注意题干中instead of是对讲座中rather than的同义替换。 8. imbalance/inequality 【解析】接上题，讲座在提及选区的决定因素后指出，这一政策使得人口密度较大的安大略省和魁北克省占据了众议院的多数席位，这就caused a lot of trouble because the provinces with smaller populations feel they are not adequately listened to by “Central Canada”，即使得人口较少的省份觉得不够被重视。由此可以得知，这一政策导致了省际间的不平衡，答案为imbalance或inequality。 9. dominant party 【解析】本题所在处针对议会中的the Prime Minister(总理)。讲座of responsibility, like external affairs, multiculturalism, or health and education. The Senate, the upper house, is not elected. It is appointed by the Governor General, who acts on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. [10]The Senate is not like the US Senate, but analogous to the House of Lords in the UK, although the Lords can earn their seat by right of birth as well as by being appointed. To balance the fact that the Commons is dominated by MPs from populous Ontario and Quebec, senators are, by tradition, picked to represent the regions more equally. Well, today we have covered the structure of the Canadian Government in terms of three aspects: the official head, the Canadian system of the government and the Canadian parliament. You are expected to read the recommended material after class. Next week’s lecture will be focused on Canadian Prime Ministers. 中说，The party that wins the most seats forms the government; the party leader becomes Prime Minister，即占据议会席位最多的党派形成政府，其领导人成为总理。因此可以得知，总理就是议会中占统治地位的党派的领导人，答案为dominant party。 10. House of Lords 【解析】在讲座的最后，演讲者提到了议会中的参议院，即the Senate。讲座中说，加拿大的参议院is not like the US Senate, but analogous to the House of Lords in the UK，即更像英国的上议院the House of Lords。注意题干中的share more similarity with是对讲座中analogous to的同义转述。 Section B Interview 【听前预测】浏览各题的题干和选项获得关键词quality，good manager，staff working together， way，performance，suggest，recruitment，据此推测，该篇访谈主要谈论的是管理问题，其 中谈到一名好的管理者最重要的品质，团队工作的优势，提高团队绩效的最好方式，以及男 士对招聘工作的建议等。 【听力原文】 W: Good afternoon and welcome to Your Business. We have in this studio today Brian Williams, head of the management unit of Lawson & Fowles Publishing. Brian is here to discuss successful staff management. Brian, what makes a good manager?
M: [1]Well, it's a combination of things, but at the top of the list I think I'd put being truthful. Staff have certain expectations of how they should be treated and they want their managers to be fair. Not telling your staff what's happening is a sure way of losing their respect. You need to concentrate on solving problems, not hiding them. W: But not all problems can be solved, can they?
M: Most can, actually, but that's not the point. The thing is, instead of reacting after the damages done, you should be talking to staff about how things are going and avoiding a situation where they come to see you about the problems after the event. The trick is to decide what problems might arise before they actually happen.
W: What about having staff work together? How should that be managed?
M: Well, some people appear to like working on their own, but in most companies, people who work on their own do so because they have been neglected. They have been given a task and their boss is not interested in how it is being done. This makes their sense of achievements smaller no matter how hard they work. [2.B]People who work in teams have dearer overall picture of the work they are involved in. They have a role to play, and they know that if they don't perform well, it is not only the business is going to suffer but also the other members of
their team. So it is up to managers to create teams within their organization and encourage this team spirit. [2.D]It raises performance. W: How is this best done?
M: [3]Well, it's important to identify certain key employees among your staff and give them particular support and attention. If these key people are encouraged in their work, they would perform better themselves, and more importantly raise the general level of performance of all the others in their area.
W: Isn't it also a question of recruitment?
M: Yes, yes, lots of difficulties in staff management arise because mangers genuinely don't know how to select the right person. [4.A]Sometimes interviewees are chosen on the basis of written personality tests which hear no relation with the work they'll be actually doing. Many managers admit that they sometimes ignore the lack of appropriate skills in recruiting the staff. I'd say that in the vast majority of cases they simply opt for the candidate who’s made the best impression in half an hour or so... W: So, what should we have instead?
M: [4.C]Well, the selection procedure should involve matching the skills and knowledge of the applicant to the actual job. And they should be done in the most immediate and relevant way possible, [4.D]for example, if you try to recruit a trainer for your company, an important part of the interview should involve the applicant giving a prepared training session. Training is what they'll be doing, so you should see them in operation before employing them.
W: That sounds sensible. The final question, Brian, is about discipline, which is perhaps the hardest factor to get it right. What is the latest thinking?
M: Umm, well, the issues are: should you be a hard, unfriendly boss, make sure everyone obey your order without a question, or should you be more sympathetic and listen to your employees' difficulties? Then [5]there will be time when you have to discipline someone who has done something wrong. It can be difficult if you are on very friendly terms with them. So a certain distance is necessary. On the other hand, if you are too unapproachable, you may not be made aware of important problems.
W: Well, thank you, Brian. I'm sure plenty of managers out there will find out our talk very interesting.
【答案解析】 1. 选[B]。细节题。录音开头女士问男士成为一名好的管理者需要什么，男士回答说是很多事情的综合，但排在第一的是要真实(being truthful)，因此本题答案为其名词形式[B] truthfulness。 2. 选[B]。推断题。当被问及让员工一起工作如何时，男士回答说在大多数公司，独 自工作的员工通常是被忽视的员工，老板对他们的工作进程不感兴趣，因此选项[C]纯属张 冠李戴。男士接着说，团队工作的员工对团队工作有一个整体的了解，知道自己如果做不好， 不仅公司受影响，团队的其他成员也会受牵连，由此可以推断，团队工作可以使员工具有更 强的责任心，选项[B]正确，为答案。男士后面又提到，团队工作可以提高绩效(raises performance)，但不是说每个人的绩效，选项[D]错误。选项[A]属于无中生有。 3. 选[A]。推断题。在讨论完团队工作的优势后，女士问如何才能最好地做好团队工 作，男士回答说发现一些关键员工、给他们特殊的支持和关注很重要，如果这些人受到鼓励， 他们自己就会表现得很好，同时也提高了其他员工的整体绩效。由此可以看出，提高团队绩 效的最好方法是利用一些关键员工，答案为[A]。 4. 选[C]。细节题。在说到招聘时，男士说在员工管理方面出现的很多问题是由于管 理者不懂得如何挑选最合适的人选，一些时候仅仅就基于书面性格测试就确定了人选，而没 有考虑他们实际上将要从事的工作。然后建议说筛选过程中应把应聘者的知识和技能与现实 工作联系起来，以最直接最相关的方式进行，比如在招聘培训者时就应该让其给出一段培训 课。因此本题答案为[C]，[A]、[B]明显与原文不符，[D]只是其中的一个例子。 5. 选[D]。推断题。录音最后谈到纪律(discipline)问题，男士说，有些时候不得不惩罚一些做错事情的员工，如果对员工特别友好就不容易做到，所以保持特定的距离也是必要的。由此可以推断，男士作为一名管理者，应该是既友好又有距离的，答案为[D]。
Section C News Broadcast
News Item 1 【听前预测】浏览各题干和选项获得关键词financial aid，helping Greece，Surveys，regional election，据此推测，本则新闻可能是关于德国总理是否将对希腊提供财政支持的报道，其中涉及调查显示的德国广大人民的意见，并且一场局域性选举将影响这一决定。 【听力原文】 German Chancellor Angela Merkel has warned Greece that it has to be prepared to accept tough economic measures for several years to come if it's to get its finances back in order. However, she said Germany felt an enormous obligation to the stability of the euro and would help. There had been some concern that her government might block financial aid as there's a key regional election in Germany on May 9. Surveys show that most Germans balk at the idea of their country paying for the profligacy of another country, albeit a fellow EU member state. Germany is one of the founding fathers of the euro, the common currency which was supposed to unify Europe. But according to one newspaper here today, 90% of Germans now want Greece out of the Eurozone. It's likely though that Berlin will put a rescue package in place but don't expect to see too much money flow in Greece's way before May 9. 【答案解析】 6．选[B]。信息辨认题。听音时注意捕捉德国总理安格拉·默克尔的立场。新闻中提到，她提醒希腊实施严厉的经济措施，并表示德国有义务维持欧元的稳定，所以会提供帮助。因此答案为[B]。 7．选[B]。信息辨认题。听音时注意捕捉希腊人民对总理这一决定的观点。新闻中提到，大部分德国人不支持自己的国家为另一个国家的浪费买单，文中用了balk at the idea of…，balk at…是“不愿做…”的意思。因此本题应选[B]，hate是对balk at的同义转述。 News Item 2 【听前预测】根据各题干和选项相关信息可以推测，本则新闻可能是关于好莱坞标志所在地的安全问题的报道，即是保留还是进行地产开发。 【听力原文】 【答案解析】 The Governor of California Arnold 8．选[A]。信息辨认题。题干问新闻讨论的Schwarzenegger says the Hollywood sign is 话题。新闻首句即提到加州州长Arnold safe. Enough money has been raised to ensure Schwarzenegger表示好莱坞标志是安全的。the lands surrounding the famous sign can't be built on. There had been plans for four luxury homes on the site, but Mr. Schwarzenegger said a donation from Hugh Hefner of Playboy magazine would allow a trust to buy the property for 12.5 million dollars. Governor Schwarzenegger confirmed that the giant Hollywood letters overlooking Los Angeles had been spared from disappearing behind urban sprawl at the hands of property developers. The saviours of the day, a fund raising drive and the 900,000-dollar donation from none other than the founder of Playboy magazine, Hugh Hefner, enough to buy up the land and turn it into a park. The governor said the sign will continue to welcome dreamers, artists and like him Austrian body-builders for generations to come. 然后新闻整篇都围绕好莱坞标志所在地的安全展开，即是保留还是进行地产开发。因此答案应为[A]“好莱坞标志的安全”。 9．选[B]。信息辨认题。新闻第二句就提到，政府已经筹集了足够的资金确保这个著名标志所在地不能进行建设，而这之前是有建筑四个豪宅的计划，因此[B]正确，[A]错误；根据新闻内容可知，花花公子杂志创办人没有买下这块土地，只是给予了捐款，也不会把它改造为花园，因此[C]、[D]也都错误。答案为[B]。 News Item 3 【听前预测】浏览各题干和选项获得关键词avoid，economic chaos，free market，financial system，proposals，据此推测，本则新闻与奥巴马为避免将来经济混乱提出的建议有关，其中涉及到自由市场、金融体系等内容。 【听力原文】 President Obama has urged Wall Street bankers in New York to support his proposals for tighter regulation of the country's financial markets which he said was the only way to avert economic turmoil in the future. Mr. Obama said that he was a firm believer in the free market and a strong financial sector. However, he said stricter rules were needed to protect taxpayers from having to fund multi-billion-dollar bail-outs of the major banks. \"Our system only works, our markets are only free when there are basic safeguards that prevent abuse, that check excesses, that ensure that it is more profitable to play by the rules than to game the system. That is what the reforms we’ve been proposing are designed to achieve.\"
【答案解析】 10．选[D]。信息辨认题。根据上题解析可知[A]正确；新闻中提到奥巴马坚信自由市场和坚强的金融部门，因此[B]也正确；新闻最后一句奥巴马提到，“…是我们的改革预期要达到的目标。”据此推断[C]也正确；只有[D]新闻中未提及，为答案。
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