2019年高考英语(江苏版)精准提分练考前冲刺卷(五)Word版含解析

第一部分 听力(略)

第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)

第一节 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

21．All of us have the desire to visit the three main temples in Athena，especially that contains a gold and ivory statue of Athena.(2017·盐城景山中学调研，23) A．one C．the one 答案 C

解析 句意为：我们都渴望参观雅典娜的三大神庙，尤其是里面有用金子和象牙雕塑而成的雅典娜塑像的那座。此处特指三座庙中那座“里面有用金子和象牙雕塑而成的雅典娜塑像的庙”，故用the one；the one为同位语，后面是that引导的定语从句。 22．—Has his third book been published yet? —No，it is currently .(2017·镇江期中，28) A．in store C．in use 答案 B

解析 句意为：——他的第三本书已经出版了吗？——没有，目前还在准备中。in preparation在准备中，符合句意。in store即将发生；in use在使用中；in place在适当的位置。 23．The recently released film Kong：Skull Island successfully the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模，35) A．transports C．transforms 答案 A

解析 句意为：最近上映的电影《金刚·骷髅岛》成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节，适应；transform使改观，使变形；relate联系，均不符合语境。transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉”，符合语境，故选A项。

B．adjusts D．relates B．in preparation D．in place B．that D．which

24．The city’s new policy to encourage people to buy houses is believed to have come into with the central government’s policy，so it should be given up. A．conflict C．agreement 答案 A

解析 句意为：这个城市鼓励人们买房的新被认为与的有冲突，所以应该放弃。come into conflict with和……有矛盾，与句意相符。balance平衡；agreement同意；debate辩论。

25．He’s sometimes hot-tempered，but he’s a good fellow . A．at heart C．with heart 答案 A

解析 句意为：他有时脾气暴躁，但他本质上是个好人。at heart在内心，本质上；in heart情绪高涨；with heart真心地；by heart用心记住。根据句意，正确答案应是A。

26．The crowd，which had been for the first half of the race，had now grown considerably. A．big C．silent 答案 B

解析 句意为：比赛前半段观众还稀稀拉拉的，这时明显增多了。thin意为“(人群、观众)稀少的，稀疏的”，符合题意。

27．We must be in a place of peace and faith，so internal conflict and disbelief do not hold back it is possible for us to achieve. A．how C．why 答案 B

解析 句意为：我们必须心平气和、心存信仰，这样内心的冲突和怀疑才不会阻碍我们实现自己的目标。宾语从句中achieve缺少宾语，并且指物，故用what。

28．Martin Luther King，Jr.put it that peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek，but a means we arrive at that goal. A．that C．by which

B．where D．with which B．what D．where B．thin D．excited B．in heart D．by heart B．balance D．debate

答案 C

解析 句意为：马丁·路德金提出和平不仅仅是我们寻求的一个遥远的目标，而且是我们达成目标的一种手段。原句为a means we arrive at that goal by which，定语从句把by which提前。 29．In developing countries，people are into overcrowded cities in great numbers. A．breaking B．filling C．pouring D．hurrying 答案 C

解析 break into破门而入；fill into填充，填满；pour into倾注，大量涌入；hurry into匆忙进入。此处只有C项符合题意，意指“人们仍在大量涌入拥挤的城市”。 30．It is no use due to failing to pass the exam. A．crying C．cried 答案 A

解析 考查It’s no use doing sth.的句型，该句型意为“做某事是没有用的”。故选A。 31．It is not so much the language the cultural background makes the film difficult to understand. A．that；as C．as；that 答案 C

解析 句意为：与其说是语言倒不如说是文化背景使得这部电影难以理解。not so much...as...为固定短语，意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。第二空的that和句首的it is构成强调句型，强调句子的主语。

32．Only after we value growth enough to start enlarging ourselves through a strong barrier. A．we have broken C．have we broken 答案 C

解析 句意为：只有在我们充分重视增长来扩大自我之后，我们才算突破了一个强大的障碍。“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，故排除A、D两项；根据从句的时态是一般现在时可知，此处主句要用现在完成时。故选C项。 33． these interruptions，the meeting would have finished earlier. A．Except for

B．But for B．did we break D．we broke B．what；as D．as；what B．to cry D．to have cried

C．Apart from 答案 B

D．Other than

解析 句意为：要不是这些打岔的事，会议本可以早点结束。but for要不是，符合语境。except for除……之外；apart from除……之外；other than除了。

34．The zoo has over the years provided valuable support for the conservation of the giant panda，which is appreciated by the Chinese government and people. A．heavily B．nearly C．highly D．hardly 答案 C

解析 句意为：这个动物园多年来为保护大熊猫提供了宝贵的支持，这得到了中国和人民的高度赞赏。highly非常地，高度地，符合句意。heavily沉重地，猛烈地；nearly几乎，差不多；hardly几乎不。 35．—Hi，Sandy!

— ！ I was wondering when you’d show up. A．Hi，there C．There you are 答案 C

解析 句意为：——嗨，桑迪！ ——你在这儿呀！我还在想你什么时候能来呢！There you are！意为“你在这儿！”

第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Gabi Rizea，a former forest engineer，became a wood carver totally by accident.Three years ago， 36 he purchased himself a new chainsaw(链锯)，he started “playing” with it.He 37 carving a human face into the wood，and to his surprise，it turned out pretty good.Then he kept 38 his skills.Today，he is so good at it that he is 39 to work his magic on the old tree stumps(树桩) in the local parks.

He sometimes draws the 40 he wants to carve，but in most cases，the wood just doesn’t match his 41 .He has no choice but to 42 it constantly in order to match the material available，which leads to even more 43 results instead.Gabi’s most popular creation is “Water Pouring from Bucket”，a(n) 44 carved from an old ash tree.After he discovered half the stump was rotten，it 45 becoming the water flowing from a bucket.

Recently，photos of “Water Pouring from Bucket” have spread widely online.He has created many artworks like it，and they have made the city nicer and more 46 .Following his recent rise B．Hi，here D．Here you are

to 47 online，Gabi has been asked by other Romanian cities to 48 the old tree stumps into artworks.He promised to honor their requests，but out of 49 for his home city，he will never create the artworks 50 to those in his hometown.

Gabi can turn a stump into an artwork in just two days. 51 his talent，the Romanian artist recently got into art school in order to 52 master wood carving.

He has been awarded for his 53 by the city government.So far，he has dozens of old tree trumps from being removed—by turning them into 55 artworks.

语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Gabi Rizea以前是一名森林工程师，他在偶然发现自己的木雕天赋后，用灵巧的双手将失去生机的老树桩变成了一件件令人印象深刻的艺术品。 36．A.once C．though 答案 B

解析 根据语境可知，三年前，在他给自己买了一条新链锯以后，他开始摆弄它。此处应用after“在……以后”引导时间状语从句。 37．A.kept C．tried 答案 C

解析 根据下文的“and to his surprise，it turned out pretty good”可知，他试着在木头上雕刻人脸，令他吃惊的是，雕刻出来的人脸效果非常好。try doing sth.试着做某事，符合语境。 38．A.accelerating C．repeating 答案 D

解析 根据下文的“Today，he is so good at it”可知，Gabi Rizea一直在提高自己的雕刻技能。polish“擦光，磨光；修改，润饰，润色”在此引申为“改善，提高”，符合语境。accelerate加速；instruct指示，命令，教授，传授(技能等)。 39．A.forced C．allowed 答案 C

解析 根据上文的“Today，he is so good at it that he is”和下文的“to work his magic on the

B．begged D．commanded B．instructing D．polishing B．risked D．imagined B．after D．because

old tree stumps(树桩) in the local parks”可知，Gabi Rizea如此擅长在木头上雕刻以至于他被允许在当地公园的老树桩上施展他的魔力。allow允许，符合语境。 40．A.list C．shadow 答案 D

解析 根据语境可知，他有时会把自己想要雕刻的图案画下来。pattern图案，式样，符合语境。 41．A.idea C．theory 答案 A

解析 根据句中的转折连词“but”及下文的“in order to match the material available”可知，但是大多数时候，木料与Gabi Rizea的想法不匹配。idea想法，构思，符合语境。 42．A.cancel C．desert 答案 B

解析 根据上文的“but in most cases，the wood just doesn’t match his .He has no choice but to”和下文的“it constantly in order to match the material available”可知，当木料与Gabi Rizea的想法不匹配时，他除了不断地调整自己的图案别无选择。adjust调整，调节，符合语境。 43．A.impressive C．terrible 答案 A

解析 根据句中的“instead”可知，虽然Gabi Rizea大多数时候为了使自己的想法与木料匹配需要不断地调整自己的图案，但是这反而使他创作出更令人惊叹的作品。impressive令人敬佩的，令人惊叹的，符合语境。ambiguous模棱两可的，引起歧义的；terrible非常讨厌的，可怕的；vital极其重要的。 44．A.souvenir C．attachment 答案 D

解析 根据上文的“Gabi’s most popular creation...”可知，这件名为“Water Pouring from

B．equipment D．masterpiece B．ambiguous D．vital B．adjust D．replace B．pace D．ability B．clue D．pattern

Bucket”的木雕作品是Gabi Rizea在一棵古老的白蜡树上雕刻的杰作。masterpiece杰作，代表作，符合语境。souvenir纪念品；equipment装备；attachment附件，附属物。 45．A.took to C．burst out 答案 B

解析 根据语境可知，在他发现树桩的一半腐烂后，这个树桩最后成了水从桶里流出来的木雕作品。end up doing最后处于，最终成为，符合语境。take to doing开始沉湎于，养成……习惯；burst out doing突然开始(做某事)；insist on doing执意继续做。 46．A.stable C．artistic 答案 C

解析 根据语境，尤其是上下文中多次提到的“artworks”可知，Gabi Rizea所创作的木雕作品使这座城市变得更漂亮更富有艺术性。stable稳定的，牢固的；artistic有艺术性的，精美的，符合语境。fragrant芳香的，芬芳的；convenient方便的，便利的。 47．A.fame C．wealth 答案 A

解析 根据上文的“Recently，photos of ‘Water Pouring from Bucket’ have spread widely online”可知，Gabi Rizea在网络上名声大噪。rise to fame成名，符合语境。 48．A.transmit C．transform 答案 C

解析 根据语境可知，随着Gabi Rizea在网络上的成名，罗马尼亚的其他城市也请他将老树桩变为艺术品。transform A into B将A变为B，符合语境。最后一段的“turning them into”亦是重要提示。transmit传输，传播；transfer转让，转移；transport运输，运送。 49．A.concern C．sympathy 答案 B

解析 根据上文的“He promised to honor their requests，but”可知，虽然Gabi Rizea承诺会

B．respect D．admiration B．transfer D．transport B．power D．honour B．fragrant D．convenient B．ended up D．insisted on

完成他们的要求，但是出于对自己所在城市的尊重，他将不会创造与自己家乡的木雕作品相似的艺术作品。respect尊重，尊敬，符合语境。concern担心，担忧；sympathy同情；admiration钦佩，赞赏。 50．A.cruel C．opposite 答案 B

解析 参见上题解析。similar相像的，相仿的，符合语境。cruel残忍的，残酷的；opposite相反的；superior更好的，更胜一筹的。 51．A.Despite C．Without 答案 A

解析 根据语境可知，尽管这位罗马尼亚艺术家怀有天赋，但是近来他为了完全掌握木雕这门技能还去上了艺术学校。despite尽管，符合语境。 52．A.steadily C．naturally 答案 D

解析 参见上题解析。completely彻底地，完全地，符合语境。 53．A.donation C．contribution 答案 C

解析 根据上文提及的“Gabi Rizea将老树桩变为一件件令人惊叹的艺术品”的内容可知，他因自己的贡献得到了市的奖励。contribution贡献，符合语境。 ．A.saved C．excused 答案 A

解析 根据下文的“from being removed”可知，到目前为止，Gabi Rizea已经拯救了几十个老树桩，使它们免于被移走的风险。save...from doing...拯救……免于……，符合语境。 55．A.economical C．common 答案 D

B．portable D．delicate B．banned D．disqualified B．preparation D．anticipation B．patiently D．completely B．Through D．Beyond B．similar D．superior

解析 根据语境可知，Gabi Rizea将老树桩变为了精美的艺术品。delicate精致的，精美的，符合语境。economical经济的，实惠的；portable便携式的，手提的；common常见的，普遍的。

第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A Visitor Code

•Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand

If you are arriving from overseas，bring no food，animal or plant material into the country.If in doubt declare it to Customs. •Protect plants and animals

Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds，other wildlife，or where signposted. •Get rid of rubbish

Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g.，glass，paper) where possible. •Be considerate with other waste

If using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station.In the back country，bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways. •Keep New Zealand’s water clean

Because soaps and other wastes can harm waterways，be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea，lakes and rivers. •Take care with fire

Always observe district fire bans.Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving. •Camp or picnic carefully

When camping or picnicking，use facilities provided. •Keep to the track

Keep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants. •Be considerate

When driving，minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.

语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了参观新西兰要注意的一些行为准则。

56．According to the Code，visitors should act . A．with care and respect B．with relief and pleasure C．with caution and calmness D．with attention and observation 答案 A

解析 推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知，游客去新西兰时，要当心，不要带入有可能对新西兰产生破坏的物品，也要尊重自然、保护环境，文中的各个小标题均是对该内容的体现，因此选A。

57．What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand? A．Take your own camping facilities. B．Bury glass far away from rivers. C．Follow the track for the sake of plants. D．Observe signs to approach nesting birds. 答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据文中Keep to the track部分中的内容可知，游客要沿着路径行走，减小破坏脆弱的植物的几率，因此选C。

B

A chance meeting between two men who realized they had both been abused in the same Surrey children’s care home has led to a campaign that has seen hundreds of former residents claiming they were also victims of physical，emotional and sexual abuse.

Music producer Raymond Stevenson，physically abused during his time at the Shirley Oaks home in the 70s，met a childhood friend last year who revealed he’d been abused in the institution.Within a few months，the Shirley Oaks Survivors Association(SOSA) was hundreds strong.

The south London production office，from where Stevenson promoted music stars like Jessie J，now looks more like a police incident room.A map on the wall includes details of statements from hundreds of former residents，suggesting physical and emotional abuse was routine at many of the houses on the 72-acre Shirley Oaks site.

“We have been in contact with over 300 people and the stories we are getting are just terrible，” Stevenson says.“Every time we interview someone and hear about what happened to them，it brings tears to our eyes.Reliving some of the horrors they went through hasn’t been easy.”

There have been two major police investigations into abuse at children’s homes in South

London and three people including a swimming instructor，William Hook，have been condemned for offences relating to Shirley Oaks.

Another operation is currently on-going，but SOSA have lost faith in the authorities who they claim have covered up the whole picture of abuse in Shirley Oaks.“We don’t trust them and that’s why we have decided to do this campaign ourselves，” Stevenson explains.

The Shirley Oaks campaigners are part of a wider phenomenon—“survivor” activism that is changing the balance of power in relation to child abuse.Where once victims were ignored or silenced，now they are coming together，often through the social media，forming support groups and building an increase of noise that the authorities are forced to acknowledge.

A couple of weeks ago，dozens of former Shirley Oaks residents crowded into a Lambeth council meeting—the authority which ran the home until its closure in the mid-1980s.Councillor after councillor spoke of their shame at what had been allowed to happen to children in their care.

Among the crowd was the award-winning author Alex Wheatle who has written about the abuse he suffered as a child at Shirley Oaks.“We have not come here，to go to war with the council；we have come here to gain your support，” Wheatle told the meeting.

The Shirley Oaks association is doing more than compiling evidence.It is using music to press its case.A song entitled “Don’t Touch It—It’s Mine” includes personal testimony(证词) from victims.“I was abused mentally，physically，emotionally and violently，” the track begins.“Of the original 16 of us,12 have killed themselves...”

“We’re not going to be told lies anymore，” Stevenson explains.“We are not going to leave it in the hands of lawyers，politicians or council officials to tell us what happened to us.We want to discover it ourselves and we know music and dance and poetry are ways that can tell a greater story.”

语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了由受害人成立的“SOSA协会”揭露了在过去的几十年里，英国福利院Shirley Oaks中曾有上百名儿童遭到虐待这一骇人听闻的事件。 58．Why was SOSA set up?

A．To show sympathy for the abused children in society. B．To reveal the abuse at a children’s care home. C．To find the living victims from a care home. D．To aid those people abused at a young age. 答案 B

解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知，上百名曾经在福利院里待过的人都声称他们是受害者，并成立了Shirley Oaks幸存者协会(SOSA)。该协会成员通过采访受害者，以创作音乐的形式

来揭示。由此推断，SOSA的成立是为了揭露福利院虐待儿童的事。故选B项。 59．From the passage，we can tell . A．the former local authorities must have neglected their duty B．twelve of the sixteen children were killed in Shirley Oaks

C．all the people committing offences in Shirley Oaks have been arrested D．the former victims depend much on the police for investigation 答案 A

解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段第二句“Councillor after councillor spoke of their shame at what had been allowed to happen to children in their care.”可以推断，当年的管理机构并没有很好地履行他们的职责。故选A项。

60．Campaigners of SOSA have taken the action of . A．collecting evidence for the police B．creating music for the campaign C．going to war with the government D．turning to lawyers for assistance 答案 B

解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句“It is using music to press its case.A song entitled ‘Don’t Touch It—It’s Mine’ includes personal testimony(证词) from victims.”和最后一段最后一句“We want to discover it ourselves and we know music and dance and poetry are ways that can tell a greater story.”可知，SOSA的成员采取创作音乐的形式来揭示、表达自己。故选B项。

C

The brain is often described in terms of its wiring，connections，and circuits，and such language is not merely an analogy to a building’s electrical infrastructure.Neurons(神经元) control the flow of charged ions(离子)—receiving，perpetuating，and discharging currents—to perform their essential functions.

Analyzing the brain’s electrical activity to gain insights into its function can be achieved with electrodes(电极) either placed upon the scalp—as in electroencephalograms(EEGs)—or inserted into the brain.But electrical currents also produce magnetic fields(磁场)，and detecting these fields can offer several edges on voltage(电压) measurements，says Myriam Pannetier-Lecoeur of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission.

For example，while electrical fields and voltage measurements are distorted(失真的) by the insulating or conductive properties of surrounding tissue，magnetic fields are not.Furthermore，electrodes are unable to detect the direction of an electrical current flow，making the source of neuronal activity hard to confirm.Magnetic sensors，on the other hand，can determine both the intensity and direction of a magnetic field and，by inference，the potential current flow.Lastly，for measuring voltages，a second reference electrode is required，which can complicate interpretations，whereas magnetic recordings need just one detector.

Like voltages，however，magnetic fields become weaker the farther away a detector is located，explains Pannetier-Lecoeur.So she and her colleagues have developed the first magnetic probe(磁探针) for insertion directly into the mammalian brain.

To create magnetic detectors small enough to insert into the brain，yet powerful enough to detect magnetic fields，the team used a new technological approach called spin electronics.This allowed them to engineer needle-shape probes just 150 μm wide—an impossibility with previous magnetic sensor technologies.Inserting these probes，called magnetrodes，into the visual cortex(皮层) of anesthetized cats，the researchers could monitor the brain’s magnetic activity in response to light stimulation of one eye.

Light shone into one eye of an anesthetized cat stimulates electrical activity in the visual cortex.A magnetrode (green) inserted less than a millimeter into the visual cortex detects the magnetic fields created by this electrical activity.Insertion of an electrode next to the magnetrode allows researchers to gather and compare electrical current and magnetic field data at the same time.

“Although the signal-to-noise ratio of Pannetier-Lecoeur’s magnetrodes isn’t yet perfect，”notes Lauri Parkkonen of Aalto University in Greater Helsinki who was not involved in the work，“Spin electronics is a field that is advancing rapidly，so I think improvement in sensitivity is likely.”

Riitta Hari，also of Aalto University，adds，“This is an interesting proof-of-concept paper...that can open a new important research line in neurophysiology.”

语篇解读 本文是一篇科普类说明文，主要介绍了研究人员研制出来的一种能够探测大脑磁场活动，进而了解大脑功能的探测工具——磁控极。

61．What does the comparison between magnetism and voltage measurements mainly show? A．The magnetism measurement has an advantage over the voltage one. B．The magnetism measurement is much easier for many to understand. C．The magnetism measurement can detect electrical currents’ directions. D．The magnetism and voltage measurements can make up for each other. 答案 A

解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But electrical currents also produce magnetic fields(磁场)，and detecting these fields can offer several edges on voltage(电压) measurements”及第三段的内容可知，作者在第三段中主要通过对比磁场测量和电压测量的特点说明了磁场测量相较于电压测量的诸多优势。故选A。 62．Why were the magnetrodes developed?

A．To detect activity-generated magnetic fields in brains. B．To discover the sensitivity of cats’ visual cortex to light. C．To clarify the relationship between electricity and magnetism. D．To check the application of spin electronics in neurophysiology. 答案 A

解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容和第五段中的“To create magnetic detectors small enough to insert into the brain，yet powerful enough to detect magnetic fields”可知，研究人员开发磁控极是为了探测大脑中的磁场。

63．What is Lauri Parkkonen’s opinion about Pannetier-Lecoeur’s magnetrode? A．It is perfect in the current social background. B．It needs to be further improved in sensitivity. C．It should increase the ratio of noise-to-signal. D．It can be put into wide use in spin electronics. 答案 B

解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Spin electronics is a field that is advancing rapidly，so I think improvement in sensitivity is likely”可知，Lauri Parkkonen不仅认为自旋电子学是一个快速发展的领域，而且认为改善其磁控极的灵敏度是有可能的。由此可推知，Lauri Parkkonen认为磁控极还需在灵敏度上有所改进。

．Where can we most likely read the passage? A．In a government document. B．In a commercial advertisement. C．In a science report. D．In an exhibition guide. 答案 C

解析 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员研制出来的一种能够探测大脑中磁场活动，进而了解大脑功能的探测工具——磁控极。故本文最有可能出现在科学报道中。

D

“Hypotheses，” said Medawarin 19，“are imaginative and inspirational in character”；“they are ‘adventures of the mind’”．He was arguing in favour of the position taken by Karl Popper that the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not，as is generally believed，inductive.

The myth(误区) of scientific method is that it is inductive：That the formulation of scientific theory starts with the basic，raw evidence of the senses—simple，fair，unprejudiced observation.Out of these sensory data—commonly referred to as “facts”—generalizations will form.The myth is that from a disorderly collection of factual information an orderly，relevant theory will somehow come out.However，the starting point of induction is an impossible one.

There is no such thing as an unprejudiced observation.Every act of observation we make is a function of what we have seen or otherwise experienced in the past.All scientific work of an experimental or exploratory nature starts with some expectation about the outcome.This expectation is a hypothesis.Hypotheses provide the motivation for the inquiry(探究)，and influence the method.It is in the light of an expectation that some observations are held to be relevant and some irrelevant，that one method is chosen and others abandoned，that some experiments are conducted and others are not.

Hypotheses arise by guesswork，or by inspiration，but having been started they can and must be tested thoroughly，using the appropriate method.If the predictions you make as a result of deducing certain consequences from your hypothesis are not shown to be correct then you abandon or adjust your hypothesis.If the predictions turn out to be correct then your hypothesis has been supported and may be kept until such time as some further test shows it not to be correct.Once you have arrived at your hypothesis，which is a product of your imagination，you then move on to a strictly logical and thorough process，based upon deductive argument—therefore the term “hypothetic-deductive”．

So don’t worry if you have some idea of what your results will tell you before you even

begin to collect data；there are no scientists in existence who really wait until they have all the evidence in front of them before they try to work out what it might possibly mean.The closest we ever get to this situation is when something happens by accident；but even then the researcher has to make a hypothesis to be tested before being sure that，for example，a medicine might prove to be a successful solution to bacterial(细菌的) infection.

The hypothetic-deductive method describes the logical approach to much research work，but it does not describe the psychological behavior that brings it about.The psychological behavior is a much more complicated process—involving guesses，reworkings，corrections，and above all inspiration，in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component.However，describing the logical approach is like writing the final thesis(毕业论文) or published papers of research work.These theses and papers have been，quite properly，organized into a more logical order so that the worth of the output may be evaluated independently of the behavioral processes by which it was obtained.It is the difference，for example between the academic papers with which Crick and Watson demonstrated the structure of the DNA molecule(分子) and the fascinating book The Double Helix in which Watson(1968) described how they did it.From this point of view，the scientific method may more usefully be thought of as a way of writing up research rather than as a way of carrying it out.

语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，论述了在科学研究中，科学家们所用的科学方法的本质是“假设”——演绎法，而不是归纳法，并介绍了“假设”在科学研究过程中所起的作用。 65．What is RIGHT about the deductive method and the inductive method according to the author? A．They cannot exist in a research at the same time. B．The former one is of greater importance than the latter. C．The latter one is more scientific than the former one. D．The former is closer to the nature of scientific research. 答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“He was arguing in favour of the position taken by Karl Popper that the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not，as is generally believed，inductive.”可知，作者支持Karl Popper的立场，即科学方法的本质是演绎法而不是通常被认为的归纳法。故选D。

66．Which of the following best supports the author’s main opinion shown in Paragraph 2? A．Usually facts are more convincing than predictions.

B．People always observe basing on what they have seen or experienced.

C．It is impossible to generalize disorder facts into orderly theories. D．People all begin scientific work with the observation of evidences. 答案 B

解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Every act of observation we make is a function of what we have seen or otherwise experienced in the past.”可知，我们所做出的每一次观察行为都是以我们看过的或者是经历过的事情为基础的。故选B。 67．Which of the following about a hypothesis is RIGHT? A．It functions as a guide in the process of a scientific research. B．It works as a means that can help make unprejudiced observations. C．It is an expectation unrelated to guesswork and inspiration. D．It is a prediction which will be arrived at sooner or later. 答案 A

解析 推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Hypotheses provide the motivation for the inquiry(探究)，and influence the method.”可知，“假设”为探究提供动力，影响科学研究的方法，由此推断出“假设”在科学研究的过程中起向导的作用。故选A。 68．According to the author，a good scientific research is a process . A．starting from details and ending in generalizations B．where observations play more role than expectations do C．where hypothesis are gradually tested before finally approved D．which cannot be started before enough evidences are collected 答案 C

解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Hypotheses arise by guesswork，or by inspiration，but having been started they can and must be tested thoroughly，using the appropriate method.”以及“If the predictions turn out to be correct then your hypothesis has been supported and may be kept until such time as some further test shows it not to be correct.”可知，“假设”来源于我们的猜想和灵感，但是要用正确的方法不断地测试，直到最后被认可，这就是科学研究的整个过程。故选C。

69．What does the last sentence of the passage mean?

A．The hypothetic-deductive method plays an important role in describing a research. B．The scientific method is more a way of describing research than a way of doing it.

C．Describing the logical approach is harder than describing the psychological behavior. D．Writing up a scientific research paper is as difficult as carrying out the research. 答案 B

解析 句意理解题。根据文章最后一句“From this point of view，the scientific method may more usefully be thought of as a way of writing up research rather than as a way of carrying it out.”可知，在更大程度上，科学方法被认为是描述记载研究而不是实施研究的方法。故选B。 70．Which of the following can best serve as the best title of the passage? A．Generalizations of Scientific Theory B．Hypotheses of Scientific Research C．The Psychological Behavior D．The Scientific Method 答案 D

解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了科学研究的本质是“假设”——演绎法，而不是归纳法，并且介绍了“假设”在科学研究过程中所起的作用，因此最佳题目是“科学研究的方法”。故选D。

第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Child Sponsorship Moves Beyond the Basics

One of the most popular forms of charitable giving in use today is child sponsorship as witnessed by the fact that just one of the leading child sponsorship charities currently has over 1 million individual child sponsors worldwide.Despite this huge level of support，it is not generally understood exactly what child sponsorship actually involves.

Most people tend to assume that one’s chosen charity arranges for sponsors to be matched up with an underprivileged child in one of the poorer underdeveloped countries.The idea is that you essentially take a child under your wing and act almost like a fairy godmother or father until he or she attains adulthood and can stand on his or her own two feet.

To a large extent，this is a pretty accurate impression.New sponsors are matched with individual children and can typically choose which country，which sex and which age group they would prefer.They then exchange photos and letters on a regular basis.This obviously helps the sponsors to see at first-hand how their donations are benefiting the children.

The sponsorship itself costs approximately ￡15 per month and many donators choose to

sponsor more than one child at once.One common wrong impression about these regular donations is that they go direct to the child’s parents or guardian in order to pay for essentials such as food or education.In reality，some of the longest established child sponsorship charities have found that this is largely ineffective and can cause anger among other children in the community who might not be so fortunate.

Instead，some of the largest charities prefer to pool total donations and carry out larger schemes to assist the whole community.Nor are all the funds diverted(分配使用) towards obvious short-term relief like providing food，water and basic healthcare.There is a strong emphasis on self-help and personal development so that future generations will be self-sustaining and not so reliant on outside assistance.To this end，sponsors will often find their donations finding their way into things like training courses to teach teenagers how to farm，small grants(补助金) for business start-ups and introducing the concept of village-based savings and loan organizations.

There is no doubt that the top sponsorship charities have been active for so long in many countries that they are now taking a leading role in aiding the overall welfare of children and ensuring that they are not exposed to discrimination and abuse.

Child Sponsorship Moves Beyond the Basics Passage Outline Current 71. of child sponsorship Supporting Details ◇Child sponsorship has enjoyed great popularity and huge support. ◇What it actually involves is not quite 72. to the general public. ◇Donators help them until they grow up and can 73. themselves. ◇The charity 74. the underprivileged children with sponsors according to A usual practice of child sponsorship their preference. ◇Sponsors keep in 75. with the children to know what’s going on with the donation. ◇Donations go to the children’s parents or guardians to pay for essentials，which proves 76. . ◇Charities 77. larger schemes covering the whole community by gathering A new practice of child sponsorship the individual donations. ◇The schemes include training teenagers,78. their business start-ups and developing their financial awareness. ◇It 79. personal development and independence for future generations by focusing on larger schemes. Conclusion ◇Thanks to the 80. efforts of child sponsorship，the overall welfare and the rights of children are guaranteed. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了慈善事业对贫困儿童资助的情况。

71．答案 situation/state

解析 根据右表内容和第一段的阐述可确定答案。 72．答案 clear/familiar/known

解析 根据文章第一段最后一句“...it is not generally understood exactly what child sponsorship actually involves.”可知，“助养儿童计划”所涉及的实际内容并不为公众所知。 73．答案 support

解析 根据文章第二段最后一句“...until he or she attains adulthood and can stand on his or her own two feet.”可知，捐助者帮助他们，直到他们长大，能够养活自己。 74．答案 matches

解析 根据文章第二段第一句“Most people tend to assume that one’s chosen charity arranges for sponsors to be matched up with an underprivileged child in one of the poorer underdeveloped countries.”可知，慈善机构根据贫困儿童的喜好与赞助商匹配。 75．答案 contact/touch

解析 根据文章第三段第三句“They then exchange photos and letters on a regular basis.”可知，赞助商与孩子们保持联系，了解捐款的情况。 76．答案 ineffective

解析 根据文章第四段最后一句“In reality，some of the longest established child sponsorship charities have found that this is largely ineffective...”可知答案。 77．答案 undertake/conduct/perform

解析 根据文章第五段第一句“Instead，some of the largest charities prefer to pool total donations and carry out larger schemes to assist the whole community.”可知答案。carry out＝undertake＝conduct＝perform，意为“实施，开展，进行”。 78．答案 funding/financing

解析 根据文章第五段最后一句“...things like training courses to teach teenagers how to farm，small grants(补助金) for business start-ups and introducing the concept of village-based savings and loan organizations.”可知，这些计划包括培训青少年，为他们的创业公司提供资金以及培

养他们的财务意识。

79．答案 emphasizes/highlights/underlines/stresses

解析 根据文章第五段第三句“There is a strong emphasis on self-help and personal development so that future generations will be self-sustaining and not so reliant on outside assistance.”可知答案。

80．答案 consistent/continuous/constant

解析 根据文章最后一段内容可知，这些组织一直在不断地努力。 第五部分 书面表达(满分25分)

请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

When we read newspapers，we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV，we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5”．When we speak，we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye”．English words and expressions like these are getting popular.They have already become part of our daily language.And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.

The inclusion has started a heated discussion.A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words，which，they think，goes against Chinese language policies.They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language.However，others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life. 写作内容

1．用约30个单词写出上文概要；

2．用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括： (1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇； (2)用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。 写作要求

1．要以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据； 2．阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句； 3．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 4．不必写标题。 评分标准

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 参考范文

支持：

Today，more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language.Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words.Some people support it while others do not.

Generally，I am in favour of the inclusion.As the number of English learners is on the rise，it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.Besides，it is，on some occasions，more convenient to use English words.Most people nowadays use “IT” instead of its translation “xinxi jishu”．In our global village，we can see that it’s not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages.In English，there are many words borrowed from Latin，French，or even Chinese.In fact，Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages，say，“ganbu” or “minzhu” from Japanese.

So，it’s safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication. 反对：

With English words getting popular in both media and daily life，a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them，leaving the public divided into two opposing groups：“For” and “Against”．

I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons.Firstly，this inclusion has actually polluted our mother tongue.Sooner or later，many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones.And，rules don’t tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as “WiFi” and “Out” in a Chinese way！Secondly，such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated against those with little knowledge of English.Just for one illustration，while college students take “Bye-bye” for granted when parting from each other，it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to “zaijian”．

In short，not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese，it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.