2012年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Chinese-English Translation

Structure and Vocabulary

1． He was unable to endure the torture of the enemy and surrendered. He______his comrades.

A．revealed B．exposed C．suspended D．betrayed

正确答案：D

解析：A项意为“透露、揭露”；B项意为“使暴露”；C项意为“暂停、悬挂”；D项意为“背叛”。因此，D选项符合题意。

2． One the side of the hill, there is a______which was once the entrance to a gold mine.

A．deep hole in ground B．deep hole in the ground C．hole deep in ground D．deep in the ground hole

正确答案：B

解析：空白处表示“地面上一个很深的洞”。形容词修饰名词，放在名词前面。in the ground为介词词组，做表示位置的状语，一般放在名词的后面。ground为可数名词，前面需加定冠词或不定冠词。因此，B选项正确。

3． She’s got so______to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life.

A．use to listen B．used in listening C．used to listen D．used to listening

正确答案：D

解析：固定搭配。get used to doing sth．表示“习惯于做某事”，to在词组中做介词，后面接动词-ing形式。因此，D选项符合题意。

4． Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly______a stimulus to study and real learning.

A．acts for B．acts as C．acts on D．acts to

正确答案：B 解析：考查固定搭配。A项意为“代理……”；B项意为“行为[表现]得像……”；C项意为“依据……行动”；D项意为“对……行动”。因此，B选项符合题意。

5． I feel quite confident in______Mr. Jackson to you for the vacant post of research assistant.

A．submitting B．recalling C．proclaiming D．recommending

正确答案：D

解析：A项意为“提交”；B项意为“回忆”；C项意为“宣告、声明”；D项意为“推荐”。因此，D选项符合题意。

6． A poor man has to______many things which a rich man regards as almost necessaries in life.

A．go through B．go over C．go without D．go about

正确答案：C 解析：A项意为“经历、遭受”；B项意为“考虑、检查”；C项意为“没有……也能对付”；D项意为“着手做、从事”。因此，C选项符合题意。

7． One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been______ with the theoretical aspects of the subject.

A．embraced B．adjusted C．alternated D．integrated

正确答案：D

解析：A项意为“拥抱、包含”，后面接介词in；B项意为“调整、适应”，后面接介词to；c项意为“使交替”；D项意为“融合”。因此，D选项符合题意。

8． Topics of conversation should be______to the experiences and interests of the students.

A．rigid B．relevant C．rigorous D．remarkable

正确答案：B

解析：A项意为“固执的、顽固的”，后面接介词in；B项意为“有关联的”，后面接介词to；c项意为“严厉的、严峻的”；D项意为“显著的、引人注目的”，后面接介词for。因此，B选项符合题意。

9． They did considerable work to______the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America.

A．instruct B．impart C．acquaint D．dictate

正确答案：C

解析：A项意为“教导”；B项意为“传授”，后面接介词to c项意为“使熟悉、使精通”，后面接介词with；D项意为“口授、命令”，后面接介词to。因此，C选项符合题意。

10． Only the Chinese have successfully______pandas and raised their babies in captivity.

A．bred B．exerted C．expanded D．availed

正确答案：A

解析：A项意为“饲养、繁殖”；B项意为“发挥、运用”；C项意为“扩张、膨胀”；D项意为“有用于”。因此，A选项符合题意。

11． The purpose of the official inquiry is to______the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.

A．come at B．come into C．come for D．come over

正确答案：A

解析：考查固定搭配。A项意为“获得、理解”；B项意为“参加、取得”；C项意为“向……冲去、来接”：D项意为“拜访、改变立场”。因此，A选项符合题意。

12． The chairman made a(n)______statement before beginning the main business of the meeting.

A．intensive B．preliminary C．intermediate D．operational

正确答案：B

解析：A项意为“加强的”；B项意为“预备的”；C项意为“中间的”；D项意为“操作上的”。因此，B选项符合题意。

13． Only in recent years______begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.

A．people have B．have people

C．since people have D．people who have

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查倒装句的用法。only为副词，放在句首时，主句要倒装，即谓语提到主语之前。因此，B选项符合题意。

14． At the last committee meeting, the notion that the club______open until midnight was defeated.

A．remains B．remained C．remain

D．would remain

正确答案：D

解析：查考would的用法。这是一个计划，并不是一个事实，因此，不能用一般时或完成时。would表示“用来表达某人打算去做某事或者预见到某事会发生”。本句译为“上次组委会否决了让酒吧营业至午夜的计划。”因此，D选项符合题意。

15． I don’t think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not______to do that type of work.

A．compatible B．consistent C．convenient D．competent

正确答案：D

解析：A项意为“兼容的”，后面接介词with；B项意为“一致的”，后面接介词with；C项意为“方便的，适宜的”后面接介词to或for；D项意为“有能力的”。因此，D选项符合题意。

Cloze

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When human first【C1】______, they were like newborn children, unable to use this【C2】______tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future【C3】______and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is【C4】______for our ability to produce and use language. They【C5】______that our highly evolved brain provides us with an【C6】______language ability not found in lower organisms. Supports of this innateness theory say that our【C7】______for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical【C8】______times for language development. Current【C9】______of innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence【C10】______the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in【C11】______grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being【C12】______to them, while adults have a much【C13】______time learning another language once the rules of their first language have become firmly fixed. 【C14】______some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been【C15】______from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 【C16】______with other human beings is necessary for proper language. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 【C17】______than any innate capacities. These theorist view language【C18】______imitative, learned behavior. 【C19】______children learn language form their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by 【C20】______reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

16． 【C1】 A．generated B．evolved C．born

D．originated

正确答案：B

解析：本题为语义逻辑题，该句子是说“当人类刚刚开始进化时，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用这一工具”。evolved表示“逐渐发展、进化”，符合题意。generated为“生殖，发展”；“born”为bear的过去分词，只能用于被动态中；originated表示“起源”，不能用first修饰。因此，B项为正确选项。

17． 【C2】 A．valuable B．appropriate C．convenient D．favorite

正确答案：A

解析：本题为语义逻辑题。A项意为“珍贵的”；B项意为“合适的”；C项意为“方便的”；D项意为“最喜欢的”。能使用语言进行交流，是人与动物的本质区别，而语言是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，所以，语言尤其显得珍贵。A选项符合题意，因此，A选项正确。

18． 【C3】 A．attainments B．feasibility C．entertainment D．evolution

正确答案：A

解析：本题为语义逻辑题。A项意为“成就”；B项意为“可行性”；C项意为“娱乐”：D项意为“进化”。对应and后面的“文化进步”，空白处应是类似的褒义正面的词语，A选项更符合题意。这句话为“语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性”。A项为正确选项。

19． 【C4】 A．essential B．available C．reliable D．responsible

正确答案：D

解析：本题为固定搭配。be responsible for为固定短语，表示“对……负责，是……的缘由”。其他选项均不能与for搭配。这句话为“许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。”D项为正确选项。

20． 【C5】 A．confirm B．inform C．claim D．convince

正确答案：C

解析：空白处后面为that引导的宾语从句，C选项后面可以接that从句，其

他三个选项均不能接从句做宾语。inform sb．of sth．表示“通知某人某事”；convince sb．of sth．表示“使某人确信某事”。因此，C选项正确。

21． 【C6】 A．innate B．basic C．inspiring D．outgoing

正确答案：A

解析：本题为语义逻辑题。A项意为“天生的”；B项意为“基本的”；C项意为“激动人心的”；D项意为“直率的”。通过一般常识可知，语言为人类天生的一种能力，A选项符合这一常识。因此，A选项正确。

22． 【C7】 A．potential B．performance C．preference D．passion

正确答案：A

解析：本题为语义逻辑题。A项意为“潜能”；B项意为“绩效”；C项意为“偏好”；D项意为“激情”。通过一般常识可知，语言为人类天生的一种能力，所以语言能力是人类所具有的一种潜能。A选项符合语境，因此，A选项正确。

23． 【C8】 A．ideological B．biological C．social

D．psychological

正确答案：B

解析：本题为语义逻辑分析题。空白前面说作为大脑发展的一种功能，语言自己会逐步发展。因此，人类会经历几个关键的生物变化的过程，对于语言发展有着重要影响，B选项符合语境，因此，B选项正确。

24． 【C9】 A．reviews B．reference C．reaction

D．recommendation

正确答案：A

解析：这个句子中谓语动词为are，说明主语为复数。B、C和D选项均为

单数，故排除。这句话是说“目前很多有关天生论的评论是形形色色的。”因此，A选项正确。

25． 【C10】 A．opposing B．supporting C．encouraging D．discouraging

正确答案：B

解析：从however推知，空白处与前句形成转折关系。虽然目前很多有关天生论的评论是形形色色的，但是，支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。B选项符合题意，因此，B选项正确。

26． 【C11】 A．various B．different C．the higher D．the lower

正确答案：D 解析：根据后面可知，孩子们学语言比较容易，而成年人学语言相对难得多。因此，学语言应是早一点会容易一些。D选项符合这一逻辑推理。因为这一句中有best，因此不能是不同年级教语言，否则便没有最好一说了，故排除A和B选项。因此，D选项正确。

27． 【C12】 A．revealed B．exposed C．engaged D．involved

正确答案：B 解析：考查固定搭配。be exposed to是固定搭配，表示“接触到”。reveal sth．to sb．表示“向某人透露某事”。本题中的them指languages，因此A选项不合题意。C和D选项不与to搭配。engage in表示“从事某事”；be involved in表示“参与某事”。空白处为“通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。”因此，B选项正确。

28． 【C13】 A．hard B．easy C．harder D．easier

正确答案：C

解析：根据while可推知成人和小孩学语言情况形成对照，前面说小孩学语言容易，因此，成人学语言应是难一些。根据much可知，这里为比较级。因此，C项为正确选项。

29． 【C14】 A．Although B．Whether C．Since D．When

正确答案：A

解析：前面作者说语言是天生的，因此，whether不符合作者观点。而这句话为“不容否认语言某些方面是天生的，语言并非在真空中自动发展的。”有语句可推知前后分句形成让步关系。因此，A选项为正确选项。

30． 【C15】 A．distinguished B．compared C．isolated D．interacted

正确答案：C

解析：前面说语言不能在真空下自动发展，因此，如果孩子与其他人隔离开来，则不能掌握语言。A项意为“区分”；B项意为“比较”；C项意为“隔离”；D项意为“互动”。因此，C选项为正确选项。

31． 【C16】 A．exposition B．comparison C．requirement D．alternative

正确答案：A

解析：这句话为上句话的重复。如果孩子与其他人隔离开来，则不能掌握语言。只有与其他人类接触，才能掌握语言。因此，A选项正确。

32． 【C17】 A．acquisition B．appreciation C．requirement D．connection

正确答案：A

解析：根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other humanbeings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。B选项表示“欣赏、感激”；C选项表示“要求”；D选项为“转移，转变，转换”，均不符合原意，因此，A选项正确。

33． 【C18】 A．to be B．into C．as D．of

正确答案：C

解析：考查介词搭配。view…aS表示“把……看做”；view做名词时，可与of搭配。因此，C选项正确。

34． 【C19】 A．As a result B．After all

C．In other words D．Above all

正确答案：C

解析：本句是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative，learned behavior(模仿性的后天行为)”。In otherwords为“换言之，换句话说”，符合原意；As a result为“结果是”；After all表示“毕竟”；Above all表示“首先”，均不符合题意。因此，C选项正确。

35． 【C20】 A．negatively B．positively C．negative D．positive

正确答案：B

解析：动名词前面使用副词进行修饰，因此排除C和D选项。通过and前后形成对比，这句话为“强化正面的模仿，纠正不正确的模仿”，因此，B选项正确。

Reading Comprehension

Television—that most pervasive(遍布的)and persuasive of modern of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth — is moving into a new

era, and era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies. The word “television”, derived from its Greek(tele: distant)and Latin(vision: sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way; through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive(光电导的)plate within a camera)into electronice impulses, which can be sent through a wire or a cable. These impulses when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image. Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reached the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provided for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques. Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors(传播者)of the news, information and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have not only shaped television but our perception(感觉)as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.

36． With which topic is the passage primarily concerned? A．recent changes in modern technology B．the marriage of broadcasting giants C．the role of television in today’s society

D．the content of broadcast television programs

正确答案：C

解析：本题为主旨分析题。综合全文可知，作者讲述的主题是电视机，从电视机的原理和类型，到电视机对社会的影响。A太宽泛，未涉及电视这一主题。B选项属无中生有。D选项属于细节内容，不能全面概述文章主要内容。而从文章第一段“Television—that most pervasive(遍布的)and persuasive of modern ofmodern technologies，marked by rapid change and growth…”可知，电视最能代表和诠释现代科技的先进性。这句话为电视的作用进行了总结，也是全文的主旨所在。因此，C选项符合原文中心思想，为正确选项。

37． The word “put”(2nd sentence of 2nd Para.)could best be replaced by which of the following?

A．expressed

B．asked C．placed D．inserted

正确答案：A

解析：本题为语义分析题。very simple put意为“简单地说”。A项为“表达、表述”，B项为“询问，要求”，C项为“放”，D项为“插入”。据此可知，A项与原文意思一直，因此，A项正确。

38． Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in television transmissions?

A．the conversion of image into electronic impulses B．the sending of impulses through a wire cable C．the changing of one image into another image D．the feeding of impulses into a receiver

正确答案：C

解析：本题为事实细节题。文中第二段对电视传输的描述可知，电视将图像转换成电子脉冲，通过电线或电缆传输电子脉冲，通过接收器，将电子脉冲转换成原来的图像。A、B和D选项均为文章细节内容。文中说转换成原来的图像，而非另外的图像，因此，C选项与文员意思不符。所以，C选项为正确选项。

39． What field of television is intended for specific groups? A．broad-based B．reconstituted C．traditional D．non-broadcast

正确答案：D

解析：本题为细节推断题。根据第四段电视领域的划分可知，广播电视是为了人民大众服务的，而非广播电视是为满足特定利益团体的需要。D选项符合原文意思。B和C选项文中并未提及，为干扰项。因此，D选项正确。

40． Which of the following statements about the relationship between television and its viewers can best be inferred from the passage?

A．Viewers do not take an active role in watching television. B．Viewers would prefer increased news coverage.

C．Viewers like to use television the reach other human beings. D．Viewers are grown tired of television.

正确答案：B

解析：本题为分析推论题。文中最后一段讲述了电视对人们的影响。大型的电视传播者不止塑造了电视，而且还塑造了人们的感觉。人们将看电视视为一种娱乐，但是只是被动的电视观众，并不具有主动权。A选项符合原文推理。B、

C和D选项文中并未提及。因此，A选项正确。

Got milk? Be very afraid. Or, preferably, a bit skeptical. Some folks are about to try to convince you that milk is toxic. But the real question is, what’s more dangerous to your health; milk, or celebrities and activists embarked on the latest trendy crusade(改革)? This month marks the publicity-pumped debut of the Anti Dairy Coalition, a band of physicians, self-described “Holly-wood personalities” and others who deery what they call “the health and nutritional risks of consuming dairy products.” The coalition, including its spokes-Jeremiah, writer George Plimpton, would have you believe that milk causes heart disease, caner, infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis. Robert Cohen, founder of the ADC(and author of Milk: The Deadly Poison), writes: “The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk.” Hyperbole aside, the ADC is spotlighting a question hotly debated by everyone from nutritionists to parents. Many patients ask doctors whether they should give up milk, like that supermodel they saw interviewed on TV. And to be sure, the ADC’s overwrought claims do have some scientific basis. Take heart disease, Foods like butter, cheese, ice cram and milk are packed with saturated fat(饱和脂肪), which blocks arteries(动脉)and can lead to heart attacks. That’s why most nutritionists advise switching to low-fat or skim milk and eating more yogurt and cottage cheese than Haagen-Dazs and Bric. Even skim milk, though, can trigger allergies in some people, including infants, who in any case will get more iron and other key nutrient form breast milk or formula. So must you flee from milk entirely? Yes, says Cohen, who holds that skim milk is the devil’s brew. It’s full of — are you sitting down? —protein. And here’s where the ADC starts twisting the facts to reach wild conclusions, Allergies are frequently triggered by proteins(true); asthma is an allergic condition(true); it’s been increasing dramatically(true); doctors don’t know the cause(true); therefore, the protein in milk must be the culprit(罪魁祸首)? A similar leap of illogic assumes that because women in the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Sweden consume lots of milk and also suffer high rates of breast cancer, the former must cause the latter, Another clunker is Cohen’s claim that widespread lactose intolerance(乳糖不耐受)— the inability to digest dairy products — means milk is of little use as a source of calcium. In fact, many cases of lactose intolerance are mild and interfere only slightly with calcium uptake. Many people intolerant of milk can easily digest yogurt, and lactase tablets(乳糖分解酵素片)can make dairy products digestible even in severe cases. If milk isn’t the perfect food, it’s still got some big things going for it. It’s an inexpensive source of calcium, protein, potassium and other vitamins and minerals, And unlike other sources of calcium, such as, say, steamed kale, milk is a food kids will eat. The ADC feels that milk is the root of most human maladies(疾病), but I can point to other single-issue obsessive who insist the villain is meat or wheat or sugar or some other substance that our species has long and happily consumed, I often learn something by examining their claims, But I keep coming back to the mainstream nutritionists, who emphasize a balanced diet and advise moderation in all things.

41． The ADC holds that milk will cause the following diseases EXCEPT______.

A．breast cancer B．diabetes C．heart disease D．lung disease

正确答案：B

解析：本题为事实细节题。根据文中第二段第一句中的“milk causes heart disease，cancer，infections，asthma，allergies and tuberculosis．”可知，ADC认为牛奶会导致心脏病、致癌、传染病、哮喘、过敏和肺结核。A、C和D选项均为文中提及的内容，B选项糖尿病并未提及。因此，B选项正确。

42． The writer thinks that milk______. A．is toxic and we should give it up

B．is very nutritious and we should consume it as much as possible C．is the most ideal food

D．has its pluses and minuses and we should consume it sensibly

正确答案：D

解析：本题为综合分析题。文章最后一段中提到ADC认为牛奶是许多人类疾病的根源，但作者并不赞同。同时，作者提出平衡的膳食以及对所有食物都应保持适度的摄取量这个非常重要。D选项与原文意思一直。A选项为ADC的观点，与作者观点相反。B选项认为应尽可能多摄取牛奶，但作者认为一切都应该保持适度的量，因此，B选项与作者观点不符。C选项并未提及。因此，D选项正确。

43． It is clear from the passage that______.

A．the writer is of the same opinion about milk with the ADC B．the writer regards milk as the root of most human diseases C．the writer advises people to stay out of trouble with milk

D．the writer’s opinion about milk differs greatly form the ADC’s

正确答案：D 解析：本题为分析推理题。根据文中第一段的“But the real question is，what’s more dangerous to yourhealth；milk，or celebrities and activists embarked on the latest trendy crusacle(改革)?”可知，作者在文章开头就提出了究竟是牛奶危险还是最近提出的改革更危险。然后在接下来几段，作者分别对ADC提出的牛奶对人体有害的几个分析一一进行的驳斥，从而可以推出，作者与ADC的观点完全相反。D选项符合这一推论。A选项正好与原文意思相反。B和C选项是ADC的观点，并非作者的观点。因此，D选项正确。

44． According to the passage, if you suffer from lactose intolerance______

A．you had better give up milk entirely B．you should have less milk every day

C．you can take lactase which catalyzes(催化)lactose into glucose(葡萄糖)and galaclose

D．you must see a doctor at once

正确答案：C

解析：本题为综合分析题。依据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Many people intolerant of milk can easilydigest yogurt，and lactase tablets(乳糖分解酵素片)can make dairy products digestible even in severe cases．”可知，作者认为许多患有乳糖不耐症的人能够轻松吸收酸奶，即便是很严重的人，也可通过此外乳糖分解酵素片，将乳制品转化成可吸收物质。C选项符合原文意思，A选项与作者观点完全相反。B和D选项并未提及。因此，C选项正确。

45． We can conclude from the passage that the writer is______., A．an unprejudiced person B．an opinionated person C．a worldly person

D．a wise but peculiar person

正确答案：A

解析：本题为态度分析题。依据最后一段可知，作者虽然不同意ADC说牛奶是许多人类疾病的根源，但是他很赞同主流营养师的观点，觉得平衡的膳食以及对所有事物都应保持适度的摄取量，这个非常重要。由此可知，作者并非一味赞成或反对饮用牛奶，觉得最重要的是适量。A选项为“一个不偏不倚的人”符合原文的推断。B选项为“一个顽固的人”，C选项为“一个世故的人”和D选项“一个很睿智但古怪的人”，均不符合对作者的描述。因此，A选项正确。

Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subject — and studied the brain — say that they are. Research for my book “Late-Talking Children” drove home the point to me. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientist — and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects — and to music. Black, white and Asian children in this group show the same patterns. However, looking at the larger world around us, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly under represented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering. If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great disparity? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians. It is precisely in those kinds of music where one

can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled—popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather then opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American history, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music. Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a disproportionately large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modern. A long string of names comes to mind— Duke Ellington, Scott Joplin, W, C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker.. .and on and on. None of this presupposes any special innate ability of blacks in music. On the contrary, it is perfectly consistent with blacks’ having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but being limited to being able to express such ability in narrower channels than others who have had the money, the time and the formal education to spread out over a wider range of music, as well as into mathematics, science and engineering. There is no way of knowing whether Duke Ellington would have become a mathematician or scientist under other circum-stances. What is clearer is that most blacks have not had such alternatives available until very recently, as history is measured. Moreover, now that cultural traditions have been established, even those black who have such alternatives available today, and who have the inborn abilities to pursue them, may nevertheless continue for some time to follow well-worn paths.

46． The author’s research for his book “Late-Talking Children” showed him that______.

A．mathematical ability and musical ability are closely related B．bright but speech-delayed children favor analytical subjects

C．on the surface, mathematical ability and musical ability are not connected D．children of different races differ slightly in their mathematical and musical abilities

正确答案：A 解析：本题为细节分析题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The children themselves usually took readily to mathand other analytical subjects—and to music．”可知，作者通过研究发现．这些孩子欣然接受了数学和其他分析型科目以及音乐。由此可以推出，数学能力和音乐能力是有紧密联系的。因此，A选项正确。文中说四分之三的“bright but speech-delayed children”，因此，B选项扩大了范围，不准确。C选项与作者研究得出的结论正好相反。D选项文中并未提及，属无中生有。因此，A项为正确选项。

47． It can be concluded from the passage that______.

A．the development of all music talents need little or no formal training

B．abilities, such as mathematical ability, sometimes can not be developed with formal education

C．blacks are underrepresented in mathematics because they have no chances to receive formal education

D．blacks usually prefer music to mathematics, science and engineering

正确答案：C

解析：本题为分析推理题。根据第三段“One reason is that the development of mathematical and other suchabilities requires…with a number of well-known black musicians．”可知，数学和其他能力需要数年的正轨训练，而某些音乐才能只需较少或不需正规训练。这种情况在很多知名的黑人音乐家身上体现出来。A选项为所有音乐才能，因此不准确，故排除。B选项说数学能力不能通过正轨教育：获得，与原文意思正好相反。A和C选项与原文意思正好相反，排除。C选项说黑人数学不好是因为没有机会接受正轨教育，符合原文意思。D选项说黑人喜欢音乐多过于数学、科学和工程学。文中只是很多黑人很擅长音乐，而不擅长数学。因此，D选项属无中生有。因此，C选项正确。

48． It is known from the passage that Duke Ellington______. A．only loves popular music

B．has made a great contribution to the development of jazz C．is an obscure musician D．never excels in jazz music

正确答案：B

解析：本题为细节分析题。从第四段“They have played a disproportionately large role…Duke Ellington，Scott Joplin，W，

C．Handy，Louis Armstrong，Charlie Parker…and on and on．”可知，Duke Ellington等为黑人音乐家，为爵士乐发展做出很大贡献。B选项符合原文意思。文中只是说相对古典乐，黑人更擅长流行乐，A选项说他只喜欢流行乐不准确。C和D选项与原文意思正好相反。因此，B选项正确。

49． The author holds that______.

A．blacks demonstrate better inborn musical abilities than others B．blacks are distinguished in all kinds of music

C．blacks now continue to do music because of their cultural traditions

D．blacks still have no chances to become mathematicians or scientists today

正确答案：C

解析：本题为细节分析题。根据第六段中的“it is perfectly consistent with blacks’having no more suchinborn ability than anyone else”可知，作者认为黑人并不比其他人更具天分，A选项与原文意思相反。从第四段“It is precisely in those kinds of music…blues rather than opera．”内容可知，黑人比较擅长不需要经过正规训练的音乐，比如流行乐。B选项说黑人擅长所有音乐，与原文意思不符。根据最后一段“What is cleareris that most blacks have not had such alternatives available…to follow well-worn paths．”可知，现在黑人有了很多其他选择，但是文化传统让他们仍然选择了这一条老路。C选项符合原文意思，D选项与原文意思正好相反。因此，C选项正确。

50． In this passage, the author tries to say that______.

A．musical ability has no connection with mathematical ability B．one’s ability mainly depends on formal education

C．blacks are so prejudiced that they seldom accept new things

D．blacks are more successful in music than in science because of various reasons

正确答案：D 解析：本题为细节分析题。作者通过研究发现，数学和音乐能力有密切关系，因此，A选项错误。而音乐能力不需要或者很少的正规训练，因而不是能力主要依靠正规训练，B选项不准确。C选项内容文中并未提及。D选项符合原文意思，因此，D选项正确。

The deterioration of the environment, both physically and aesthetically, is most apparent in our cities. The dehumanizing effects of life in the slums and ghettoes particularly, where there is little hope for improving conditions, have often been cited as contributing causes of urban rioting and disturbances. Crime rates usually reach their peak in these neighborhoods. Such symptoms of general psychological maladjustment suggest that modern cities provide a less than ideal environment for human beings. These seems to be abundant evidence that traditional cultural patterns break down in cities, and also that the high numbers of contacts with individuals, not part of one’s circle of regular social acquaintances may lead to mental disturbance(defined hen; merely as behavior generally considered “disturbed” by the majority of the society). It is important to note that antisocial behavior and “mental illness” are found in all cultures, and that indeed the same disorders recognized by Western psychiatrists are found even in primitive peoples. Therefore, we can be reasonably certain that lack of an evolutionarily “natural” environment is not the sole cause of such behavior. Nevertheless, that lack may well serve to aggravate the problems of people living in our most crowded, smoggy, and impersonal metropolises. Stanford psychologist P. G Zimbardo has concluded that urban pressures are transforming Americans into potential assassins. He based his conclusions on experimental studies of the connection between anonymity and aggression, and on field studies of vandalism. He noted an estimated 230 violent urban out-breaks in the period 1964- 1969. and reported that in 1967 vandals in New York city alone wrecked 360,000 pay telephones, broke 202,719 school windows, and did damage to parks and transit systems costing come $850,000. Cars were abandoned on streets of a large city(New York)and a small one(Palo Alto, California), and secretly watched to see if there was a difference in vandalism between the two localities. The New York car was virtually demolished within three days by 23 separate attacks by looters and vandals, nearly all in view of passersby and during the daytime, the Palo Alto car was not molested for more than a week. How much(if any)of such behavior might be reduced if density were lowered is unknown, but at least the anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that high density is a factor in such problems. Crime rates are some five times as high in urban as in rural area. Though some of this difference may be due to

disparities in reporting, not all of it can be explained on this basis. Rates for violent crimes have been shown to be positively correlated with actual population densities in American cities. This general correlation held for statistics taken in three different years, 1940, 1950, and 1960, in the same cities. The rises in assault and robbery with higher density were particularly striking, although murder and rape both also reflected the trend. Robbery is the only one of the four that does not most commonly occur between acquaintances. Interestingly, crime rates in the suburbs have been rising in the past few years, especially among teenagers from relatively affluent areas, although their crimes are more often acts against property than crimes of violence.

51． According to the passage, most often crimes are committed in______. A．the suburbs

B．commercial areas of big cities C．the slums and ghettoes

D．the parks and transit systems

正确答案：C 解析：本题为事实细节题。根据第一段“The dehumanizing effects of life in the slums and ghettoes…usuallyreach their peak in these neighborhoods．”可知，贫民区几乎没有希望能改善条件，是城市暴乱和暴力发生的原因，这也是犯罪率最高的地区，因此，C选项符合原文意思。A、B和D选项并未提及，故排除。因此，C选项正确。

52． Which of the following statements is TRUE about antisocial behavior and “mental illness”?

A．They are unique in modern cities. B．They are graver in metropolises.

C．They are never found in primitive peoples.

D．They result entirely from the lack of a “natural” environment.

正确答案：B

解析：本题为细节题。根据文章第二段“It is important to note that antisocial behavior…living in our mostcrowded，smoggy,and impersonal metropolises．”可知，mental illness在所有文化中都有，甚至原始人中都有。然而缺少与“自然”环境接触的机会，并非唯一的原因，但却使得“mental illness”更加严重。B选项符合原文意思。A、C和D选项与原文意思正好相反。因此，B选项为正确选项。

53． According to P. G. Zimbardo’s research,______.

A．there exists a higher rate of vandalism in a more densely-populated city B．when population densities decrease, crime rates go up

C．there is no correlation between the population density and crime rate

D．suburban teenagers are more apt to commit violent crimes than small thefts

正确答案：A 解析：本题为细节分析题。根据文中第三段“How much(if any)of such behavior might be reduced…withactual population densities in American cities．”可知，虽然无法预测人口密度下降是否会减少犯罪，但人口过密是导致暴力出现的一个因素。A选项符合原文意思。B选项说人口密度下降，犯罪率也会下降，不符合原文意思。从原文可知，人口密度与犯罪率密切相反，C选项说没有关系，不符合原文意思。从文章最后一句“although their crimes are more often acts against property than crimes of violence．”可知，郊区青少年犯罪行为多与钱财相关，而非暴力犯罪。D选项与原文意思正好相反。因此，A为正确选项。

54． The writer holds that______. A．deterioration of the environment in a modern city will make it unfit for people to live in

B．lack of an “natural” environment results in antisocial behavior and “mental illness”

C．deterioration of environment in a metropolis plays a certain role in causing high crime rates

D．vandalism and other violent outbreaks will never disappear in most crowded metropolises

正确答案：B 解析：本题为分析推理题。根据文章第二段“Therefore，we can be reasonably certain that lack of anevolutionarily“natural”environment is…in our most crowded．smoggy,and impersonal metropolises．”可知，作者认为缺少与“自然”环境接触的机会使得“mental illness”更加严重。B选项符合原文意思。文中并未提及环境恶化使得城市不适合于人类居住，属无中生有。文中说人口过密是导致暴力出现的一个因素，但并没有提及环境恶化对高犯罪率起到了一定作用，因此C选项排除。D选项与原文意思正好相反。因此，B选项为正确选项。

55． Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of breakdown in urban areas?

A．Vandalism. B．Suicide. C．Rioting. D．Rape.

正确答案：B 解析：本题为细节题。根据文章最后一段“The rises in assault and robbery with higher density wereparticularly striking，although murder and rape both also reflected the trend．”可以推出，袭击、抢劫、谋杀和强奸都出现在城市，但并没有提到自杀，因此B选项为正确选项。

Chinese-English Translation

56． 世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1976年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。 如果没有计划生育，中国这个人口最多的国家就会多出几千万的人口。事实上，没有一个国家像中国这样大力度地、大规模地执行这项政策。据第六次人口普查报告，中国现在有13．7亿人口。不过，西方社会学家和经济学家一直警告说，再过三十年，中国将成为世界上唯一的在没有进入发达社会之前就面临老龄社会的发展中国家。 和欧洲相比，中国面临老龄化危机的进度更快。五年后，中国60岁以上的人口将从现在1．78亿增长到2．21亿。到2050年，中国四分之一的人口将超过65岁。60岁以上的人口半数是孤居老人，这一点是以前不曾想象的，要知道，以前中国人可是四代同堂。现在一个孩子要负担父母两人和祖辈四人，这个倒金子塔对每个人来说都是挑战。越来越多的人移居到城市工作，大城市面临更大的压力，而中小型城市缺乏足够的企业提供足够的就业机会。 1962年到1972年这十年间出生的中国人退休后，这种压力会更大。这十年间平均每年有3千万婴儿出生，现在每年却只有6百万到7百万婴儿出生。国家人口和计划生育委员会没有放开长期的计划生育政策，因为人口过多仍然是中国社会和经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。

正确答案： The world population will reach 7 billion, while the resources on the earth are consistently decreasing. People are deeply worried about it. Since China issued the “one-child” policy in 1976, China has already effectively controlled birthrate. If China had not carried out this policy, China, which has the largest population in the world, would have more than tens of millions of population. In fact, no other countries exert as great efforts to implement this policy widely as China has. According to the 6th Population Census, China has 1.37 billion’s population. However, the western sociologists and economists always give a warning that China will be the only developing country that faces an aging problem before becoming an advanced country in 30 years. Comparing to European countries, China’s aging population increases more rapidly. Five years later, the population over 60 years’ old will increase to 221 million from 178 million. Till 2050, a quarter of the Chinese population will exceed 65 years old. It has never been expected that half of the population aed over 60 are living alone. It was common in China that four generations were living under the roof. At present, the only child needs to support four elders — his or her parents and grandparents. This inverted pyramid is a challenge to everyone. With more and more people migrating to urban areas to earn money, big cities face more pressure while small and medium-sized cities do not have enough enterprises to offer more job opportunities. If the Chinese people retire who were born from 1962 to 1972, the pressure of labor supply would become greater. In that decade, 30 million babies were born every year, while only 6 to 7 million babies are born every year now. However, the National Health and Family Planning Commission has not loosen the long-term one-child policy, because overpopulation is still one of the challenges that the Chinese society and economy is facing.