a few 少许,一些
a great deal/a good deal 许多,大量 a great many/a good many 许多,大量 a little一些,少许:一点儿
a lot/a lot of/lots of大量,许多,非常,相当 a number of许多 about to 即将
above all 首先,尤其 accustomed to 习惯于、 add to 增加,添加,补充 after all 毕竟,虽然这样 agree with 与........意见一致 ahead of 在........前,先于 ahead of time 提前 aim at 瞄准 ,针对
all at once 突然,同时,一起 all of a sudden 突然 all out 全力以赴 all over 到处
all right 行,可以;顺利,良好 all round 周围,处处
all the same 仍然,照样地 and so forth 等等 and so on 等等
apply to 将……..应用于 ;涂,漠 approve of 赞赏,同意;批准
around the clock\\round the clock昼夜,不断地 as a matter of fact 实际情况,真实 as a result 由于,因此 as a rule 通常
as far as\\so far as 只要,;就……而言 as for\\as to 至于,j就……..而言 as if\\as though 好像,仿佛
as long as \\so long as 只要,如果;既然 as soon as 一……就……. as usual 像往常一样,照例
as well as 既……又……,除……之外 as well 同样,也倒不如,不妨 as…as 与……一样 ask for 请求,要求
at a loss 困惑,不知所措 at a time 每次,一次
at all costs 无论如何,不惜任何代价 at all 完全,根本
at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best/at the best 充其量,至多 at first 最初,首先
at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 在内心,实质上
at home 在家,在国内;自在,自如 at large 总的,一般;在逃 at last 最终,终于 at least 最低限度
at most/at the most 最多,至多 at once 立刻,马上 at present 目前,现在 at cost of 以……为代价 at the moment 此刻 at times 有时
at work 在工作,忙于
at worst/at the worst 在最坏情况下 back and forth 来回,往返
back down/off 放弃,让步,退却 back up 支持,援助 based on 以……卫基础
be friends with 对……友好,与交上朋友 be made up of 由……组成/构成 because of 由于,因为 before long 不久以后 begin with 从……开始 benefit from 收益于…… both…and… 既……又…… break away(from) 脱离,逃跑 break down 分解,瓦解
break in 强行进入,闯入;打断,插嘴 break into 闯入
break our 突然发生,爆发 break through 突破 break up 打碎,拆散 bring about 使发生
bring forward 将……提前;提议 bring out 使发生,使显明
bring up 抚养,教育;提出问题 build up 增长;积累;增强
burn out 烧掉 burn up 烧尽
by accident/by chance 偶然,碰巧 by all means 一定,务必 by and by 不久以后,将来 by far ……得多 by hand 用手
by heart 牢记,凭记忆 by itself 单独的,独自的 by means of 用,凭借 by mistake 错误地
by the way 顺便提一下,另外 by turns 轮流,交替的 by way of 通过……方式 call for 要求,需要 call off 取消
call on/upon 访问,拜访,号召,呼吁 call up 召集,动员;打电话 can not help 禁不住,忍不住
care for 照管,关心,喜欢,意欲
carry on 继续,坚持下去,从事,经营 carry out 执行,贯彻 catch fire 着火,烧着 catch up with 追上,赶上 check in 办理登记手续
check out 结账后离开,检验,核查 check up/(up) on 校对,检验,检查 clear up 解释,澄清,(天气)变晴 come about 发生,产生
come across 偶遇,碰到;发生效果 come off 成功;奏效 come on 请,来吧,快点
come out 出版,刊出;传出,现出,长出;结果是,结局是 come round / around 来访,前来;苏醒,复原 come through 经历,脱险 come to 苏醒,复原 come true 实现,达到 come up 出现
compare…to 把……比做 consist in 在于,存在
consist of 由……构成,由……组成 contribute to 为……处理/贡献 convince…of 使信服
correspond to 相当于,对应,符合
count up 把……相加 cross out 删去,取消 cut back 消减,减少
cut down 消减,减少,降低 cut in 插嘴,打断
cut off 切断,剪去,删去 deal with 处理,对付;讨论 die down 渐渐消失,平息 die out 消失,灭绝
do away with 消灭,丢掉 do one’s best 尽力而为
do without 没有……也行,将就 draw up 写出,画出,草拟
dress up 穿上盛行,打扮得漂漂亮亮 drop by/in 顺便来访
drop out 逃学,离队出走 hang on to 紧握住;坚持下去 hang on 抓紧不放
hang up 挂断(电话) have back 要回,收回 have on 穿着,戴着
have to do with 与……有关
have to/have got to 不得不,必须 have…in mind 牢记…… head for 朝……走去 heart and soul 全心全意
help oneself 自取所得(食物等) here and there 到处,处处 hold back 踌躇,退缩不前 hold on to 紧紧抓住 hold on 握住不放
hold out 坚持,不屈服
hold up 举起,支撑、承载‘阻挡,使停止 how about ……如何,……怎么样 hurry up 使赶快,迅速完成 if only 要是……就 in a hurry 匆忙,立即 in a moment 一会儿
in a sense 从某种意义上说 in a word 总而言之
in addition(to) 除……之外,加之 in advance 提前,预先 in all 总共,共计
in any case 总之,无论如何
in brief 简单地说 in case of 假如,万一 in case 假如,以防
in charge(of) 负责,管理 in common 共用,共有 in danger 在危险中,垂危 in debt 欠债,欠情 in detail 详细地
in difficulty/~ties 处境困难 in effect 实际上,事实上 in fact 实际上,事实上
in favo(u)r of 赞成,支持,有利于 in front of 在……前面,面对 in future 今后,从今以后 in general 通常,一般来说 in half 成两半
in hono(u)r of 向……表敬意,为庆祝……,为纪念…… in no time 立即,马上
in one’s way/in the way 妨碍,阻碍 in order that 以便
in order to 以便,为了 in order 整齐,秩序井然
in other words 换句话说,也就是说 in particular 特别,尤其;详细地 in person 亲自
in place 在适当的位置 in place of 代替
in practice 实际上,在实践中 in public 公众地
in question 在考虑中,在议论中的 in return(for) 作为回报,作为报答 in secret 秘密地,私下地 in short 简言之,总之 in sight 被见到,在望
in spite of 尽管,不顾,虽然 in tears 流着泪,含泪,哭 in the end 最后,终于 in the face to 面对
in the first place 起初,首先 in the future 将来
in the least 一点,丝毫 in the world 究竟,到底 in time 及时地,适时地 in turn 依次,轮流
insist on/upon 坚持,坚持认为 instead of 代替
interfere in/with 妨碍,阻碍,干扰,干涉 just now 刚才,一会儿以前 jing lang jiaoyu 京浪教育 keep an eye on 留意,照看 due to 由于 each other 互相
either…or… 或……或……,不是……就是…… enjoy oneself 过得快乐
even if/even though 即使,纵然
every now and then 有时,时时,偶尔 every other 每隔一个的 except for 除……以外 face to face 面对面 face up to 大胆面对 fall behind 落后
fail in love(with) 相爱,爱上 far from 决不,决非 feel like 想要
figure out 算出,估计,推测 fill in 填充,填写 fill out 填好,填写
find out 发现,查明,找出 focus on 集中于 for example 例如
for good 永久的,一劳永逸的 for instance 举例说,比如 for short 简称,缩写
for the better 好转,向好的方向发展 for the moment 暂时,目前 for the present 目前,暂时 for the time being 目前,暂时 form time to time 时常
get across 解释清楚,使人了解
get along(with) 相处,有进展,有起色 get away(from) 逃脱,离开 get hold of 抓住,掌握 get in 收获,到达,进站
get off 下车,从……下来,离开,动身,开始 get on(with) 继续做,上车,在……方面取得进展 get out of 逃避,改掉
get over 客服,(从病中)恢复过来 get rid of 摆脱,除去
get through 结束,完成,接通电话 get together 集会,聚会 get up 起床,起立
give away 泄露,暴露,出卖 give back 送还,恢复 give in 投降,让步,认输 give off 发出,放出 give out 分发,分派 give rise to 引起,造成
give up 放弃,辞去,投降,屈服 give way to 让位于,被……代替 go about 从事,干,闲逛 go after 追逐,追求
go ahead 开始,前进,领先 go along with 陪同前往,随行 go around/round 足够分配 go by 经过,放过,过去
go for 竭力想取得,喜爱,支持,拥护 go in for 从事,致力于,追求,沉迷于 go into 研究,讨论,调查,审查 go off 爆炸,被发射,离去,走掉 go on(with)继续,持续 go on the stage 当演员 go out 熄灭
go over 浏览,读一遍,检查,复习,重说(读,看) go through 完成,做完,检查,审查,搜查 go with 陪同前往,与……一致,与……调和
go without 没有,缺乏,将就,无需,没有……也行 good for 有效,使用,胜任 had better 最好还是,应该
hand down 传下来,传给,往下递 hand in 交上,递交
hand in hand 手拉手,联合,连在一起 hand on 传下来,依次传递 hand out 分发,发给
hand over 交出,移交,让给 hang about 闲荡,徘徊,逗留
keep back 阻止,阻挡,隐瞒,保留
keep down 控制,压制,镇压,压低,放低(声音) keep house 管理家务 keep in touch接近,避开 keep o保持联系
keep off 不n 继续,保持 keep one’s word 守信用
keep out of 躲开,置身……之外 keep track 通晓事态,注意动向 keep up with 跟上,不落后
keep up 继续,坚持,保持,维持 keep…in mind 记住…… knock down 撞倒,击倒 knock out 打昏,淘汰 laugh at 讥笑,嘲笑
lay down 放下,拟定,铺设 lay off (临时)解雇,休息
lay out 安排,布置,设计,摆开,陈列,展示 lead the way 带路,引路 lead to 通向,导致,引起 learn…by heart 牢记……
leave alone 听其自然,不要去管
leave behind 落后,把……留下,忘带 leave out 省略,遗漏
let alone 听其自然,不要去管,更不要说 let down 放下,降低;使失望 let go 放开,松手
let in 让……进入,放……进来 let off 放(炮,烟火),开枪
let out 放出,放出,放大(衣服) line up 排队,使排成一行
live on/by 靠……生活,以……为食 live through 度过,经受住 live up to 无愧于,不辜负 look after 照顾,关心,照料 look at 看,注视
look back 回顾,回头看 look down upon 看不起 look for 寻找,寻求
look forward to 盼望,期盼 look in 顺便看望,顺便,访问 look into 窥视,调查,过问 look on 旁观,观看 look out 注意,警惕
look over 检查,查看,调查 look through 浏览,温习 look up to 尊敬,敬仰
look up 查找,查阅,寻找,查处 lose heart 丧失勇气,失去信心 make a difference 有影响,很重要 make for 走向,冲向
make friends 交朋友,友好相处 make fun of 取笑,嘲弄 make one’s way 前进,行进
make out 开列,书写,看出,辨认出,理解,了解 make sense 讲得通,言之有理 make sure 查明,弄确实 make the most of 充分利用
make up 拼凑,组成,构成,编照(故事,谎言等) make up for 补偿,弥补
make up one’s mind 决定,下决心 make use of 利用
make way 开路,让路
mix up 混合,混淆,搞糊涂
more or less 或多或少,多少有点 neither…nor… 既不……也不…… never mind 不要紧,没关系 no doubt 无疑,必定 no longer 不再,已不
no matter… 无论,不管…… no more 不再
no sooner…than… 一……就…… no wonder 难怪,怪不得
not as/so…as… 不如……那样…… not only… but (also) … 不仅…… 而且 ……
now that 既然
of course 自然,当然,无疑 off and on 断断续续,不时地 off duty 下班 on behalf of 代表
on board 在船(飞机)上 on business 因公,因事 on duty 值班,当班 on earth 究竟,到底 on fire 烧着 on foot 步行
on hand 在手边,临近
on one’s own 独自,靠自己 on purpose 故意,有意
on sale 上市,出售,减价,贱卖 on schedule 按预定时间
on the average 平均,一般来说 on the contrary 相反,反之
on one hand…on the other hand… 一方面……,另一方面 ……
on the road 在旅途中 on the spot 当场,在现场 on the whole 总的来说 on time 准时
of top of 在……之上
once in a while 偶尔,有时 once more 再一次,又一次 once upon a time 从前
one after another 一个接一个 one another 互相 or else 否则,要不然 or so 大约,左右
out of 在……外,离开,从……里,处于,由于,缺乏,没有 out of breath 喘不过起来,上气不接下气 out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过时的,陈旧的 out of doors 在户外
out of order 发生故障,失调
out of place 不适当的,不得其所的 out of practice 久不练习,荒疏 out of sight 看不见,在视野以外
out of the question 不可能的,办不到的 out of touch 失去联系 out of work 失业 owing to 由于,因为 pass away 去世,逝世 pass out 失去知觉,昏倒 pay attention to 注意 pay back 偿还,回报 pick out 选出,挑选
pick up 拣起,拾起,(车船等)中途搭(人)、带(货);增加 play with 以……为消遣,玩弄 point out 指出,指明 pull down 拉到,拆毁
pull out 拔出,抽出,取出 pull up 使停下
put across 解释清楚,说明 put aside存储,保留
put away 把……收起来,放好 put down 记下,写下 put forward 提出 put off 推迟,推延
put on 穿上,戴上,上演,增加(体重)
put out 熄灭,消灭,灭(灯);生产,出版,发布 put up with 容忍,忍受
put up 举起,升起,提(价);为……提供食宿,建造,搭起,支起,张贴 quite a little 相当多,不少
quite a few 还不少,有相当数目 rather than 而不,不是 refer to 查阅,提到,谈起 rely on 依靠,信赖
remind sb. of 使想起,提起,提醒 result from 起因于 result in 导致 ring up 打电话
rub out 擦掉,拭去 run across 偶然遇到 run down 撞到,撞沉 run for 竞选
run into 偶然遇到,撞见,碰撞 run out(of) 用光,耗尽 run over 浏览,匆匆复习 run through 匆匆地看
see (to it) that 负责,照料,注意,留心 see about 调查,查询 see into 调查,检查 see off 给……送行 see through 看穿,识破
seek after/for 搜寻,寻找,寻觅 send for 派人请,召唤,索取 send in 呈报,提交,送来 serve as 担任,起……作用 set about 开始,着手
set aside 宣布无效,驳回,废止 set back 推迟,延缓,阻碍 set fire to 使燃烧,点燃
set off 动身,出发,使爆炸,使爆发,引起 set out 动身,出发,开始,制作,打算
set up 建立,设立,树立,资助,使自立,扶持 settle down 定居,过安定的生活 show in 领入
show off 炫耀,卖弄 show up 使显现,使醒目 shut down 关闭 shut out 排除
shut up 住口,关上全部门窗 sick of 厌烦
side by side 肩并肩,一个挨一个 sit up 迟睡,熬夜 slow down 放慢速度 so far 迄今为止
so that 以便,为的是,结果是,以至
so…as to… 如此……以至于……,如此……以便…… so…that… 如此……以至于…… sooner or later 迟早,早晚 speak of 谈到 speak out 大声说 speed up 使加速
stand by 站在旁边,袖手旁观,支持,帮助 stand for 代替,代表,意味着 stand out 突出,显眼
stand up for 为……辩护,维护 stand up to 勇敢地面对,坚决抵抗 stand up 站起,竖起 step by step 逐步
step down 让位,下台 step in 插入,介入
step up 提高,加快,加紧 stick to 坚持,忠于,信守
substitute for 替代,取代,代替 such as 像……那样的,诸如,例如 such …that 那样的……以至 sum up 总结,概括 take a chance 冒险一试
take advantage of 乘……之机,利用 take after 与……相像 take apart 拆开
take care留心,保重
take care of 照顾,照料;承当,处理,负责 take charge 负责,看管 take delight in 以……为乐 take down 记下,写下 take effect 生效,见效
take… for granted 想当然,认为……理所当然 take for 认为,因为
take in 接受,容纳;领会,理解;欺骗 take off 拿走,脱下;起飞
take on 呈现,具有,装出;接纳,接受;承担,从事 take one’s time 不急不忙,从容进行 take over 接管,接收
take pains 费力,煞费苦心
take part (in) 参加,参与 take place 发生,进行 take the place of 代替 take turns 轮流
take up 占去,占据;开始从事;拿起,捡起 talk back 顶嘴 talk into 说服
talk over 商量,讨论 thanks to 由于,多亏 that is 就是说,即
the moment that 一……就……
think better of 改变主意,重新考虑 think of 想到,想起
think of as 把……认为是…… think over 仔细考虑 throw away 扔掉,抛弃 throw up 呕吐
touch on 关系到,涉及
try on 试穿 try out 实验
try one’s best 尽力 turn down 调低,关小
turn in 交出,上缴;转身进入,拐入
turn into 使变成 turn off 关,关闭 turn on 打开,拧开
turn out 生产,制造;驱逐,使离开;证明是,结 果是
turn over 翻过来,翻到 turn to 转向;求助于 turn up 出现,发生 under control 被控制住
under the circumstance在这种情况下,情况既如此
under way 进行中 up to date 时兴的
up to 一直到;等于;从事于,忙于
use up 用光,花完 wait on 伺候 warm up 变热
watch out(for) 戒备,提防
wear down 磨损,损耗;使疲劳 what about (对于)……怎么样
what if 如果……将会怎样,即使……又有什么要紧
whether or 是……还是……,不管……还是…… wipe out 消灭,毁灭 work at/on 从事
work out 解决,算出;设计出,制定出 work up 引起,激起;逐渐向上,向上爬 worry about 担心
would rather 宁愿,宁可
专升本英语听力对话中常见100句最IN英文流行语
发表时间:2011-04-29 10:07 来源:未知 作者:admin 点击: 19次
1. how are you doing?(你好吗?) 2. i'm doing great.(我过得很好。)
3. what's up?(出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了?) 4. nothing special.(没什么特别的。)
5. hi. long time no see.(嗨,好久不见了。) 6. so far so good.(到目前为止,一切都好。) 7. things couldn't be better.(一切顺利。) 8. how about yourself?(你自己呢?)
9. today is a great day.(今天是个好日子。)
10. are you making progress?(有进展吗?)
11. may i have your name, please?(请问尊姓大名?)
12. i've heard so much about you.(久仰大名。)
13. i hope you're enjoying your staying here.(希望你在这里过得愉快。) 14. let's get together again.(改天再聚聚。) 15. that's a great idea!(好主意!)
16. please say hello to your mother for me.(请代我向你母亲问好。) 17. i'm glad to have met you.(很高兴遇到你。) 18. don't forget us.(别忘了我们。) 19. keep in touch.(保持联系。)
20. i had a wonderful time here.(我在这里度过了难忘的时光。) 21. have a nice weekend.(周末愉快。) 22. same to you.(彼此彼此。)
23. nice talking to you.(很高兴与你聊天。)
24. take care of yourself.(自己当心/照顾好你自己。)
25. thank you for everything.(谢谢你的多方关照/你为我所做的一切。) 26. thank you all for coming.(谢谢光临。) 27. i appreciate your help.(我感谢你的帮助。) 28. you're always welcome.(别客气/不用谢) 29. forget it.(算了吧)
30. it was my pleasure.(不用谢。)
31. i made a mistake.(我弄错了。) 32. i'm terribly sorry.(实在抱歉。) 33. i must apologize!(我必须道歉!) 34. i feel terrible.(我感觉糟透了。)
35. it's not your fault. (那不是你的错。)
36. sorry to bother /have bothered you.(抱歉,打扰一下/打扰你了。) 37. what do you do?(你做什么工作?)
38. how do you like your new job?(你觉得你的新工作怎样?) 39. i like it a lot.(我很喜欢。)
40. i like reading and listening to music.(我喜欢阅读和欣赏音乐。) 41. what's wrong?(怎么回事?)
42. what happened?(发生什么事了?)
43. i hope nothing is wrong.(我希望一切顺利。) 44. i know how you feel.(我知道你的感受。) 45. sorry to hear that.(听到这个消息我很难受。) 46. come on, you can do that.(来吧,你能做到的。) 47. use your head.(动动脑筋。)
48. you did a great job.(你赶得很好。) 49. that's very nice of you.(你真好。)
50. i'm very proud of you.(我为你感到自豪。)
51. i like your style.(我喜欢你的风格。) 52. i love you guys.(我爱你们。)
53. how do i look?(我看起来怎么样?) 54. you look great!(你看上去棒极了!) 55. that's fantastic!(那真是棒极了!)
56. that's really something.(那真是了不起!)
57. it's a pleasure working with you.(与您合作很愉快。) 58. congratulations on you success.(祝贺你的成功。) 59. i'd like to propose a toast.(我提议干杯!) 60. are you married or single?(你结婚了吗?)
61. i've been dying to see you.(我非常想见到你。)
62. i'm crazy about you.(我为你疯狂/痴迷/神魂颠倒。) 63. i love you with all my heart.(我全心全意爱你!) 64. you're everything to me.(你是我的一切!) 65. you're in love!(你恋爱了!)
66. i'm tired of working all day.(整日工作使我厌烦。) 67. you work too much.(你做得太多了。)
68. money will come and go.(钱乃身外之物。) 69. are you crazy?(你疯了吗?) 70. have you got it?(明白了吗?) 71. i've got it.(我懂了。)
72. i can't afford that.(我承担/买不起。)
73. i did it, i'm so happy now.(我做到了,现在我很满意。) 74. i don't care.(不关我的事/我不管。)
75. i don't think so.(我不这么想/我看不会/不行/不用。) 76. i guess so.(我想是吧。)
77. i have no other choice.(我别无选择。) 78. i will do my best!(我会尽力的!) 79. i mean it.(我是认真的。)
80. i'm so scared.(我怕极了。) 81. it's hard to say.(难说。)
82. it's a long story.(说来话长/一言难尽。) 83. it's a small world.(世界真小。) 84. it's against the law!(那是违法的!) 85. it's a good opportunity!(好机会!)
86. it's dangerous!(危险!)
87. may i help you?(我能帮忙吗?) 88. no doubt about it.(毫无疑问。) 89. that's bullshit!(废话!)
90. think it over.(仔细考虑一下。) 91. time will tell.(时间会证明的。)
92. what a surprise!(太令人惊讶了!) 93. whatever you say!(随便你!)
94. you are the boss!(听你的!你说了算!) 95. you have my word!(我保证!)
96. tough job, tough day, tough world. life is not always sweet. that's life!
(艰苦的工作,艰难的日子,不幸的世界。生活并不总是甜蜜的。这就是生活!) 97. i need some sleep.(我需要睡眠。) 98. take it easy.(别紧张。) 99. just relax.(放松一下。) 100. zip your fly!(闭嘴!)
山东专升本英语常考语法时态汇总
发表时间:2011-04-29 10:05 来源:未知 作者:admin 点击: 18次
动词主要时态 一般现在时
1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often , always, usually ,sometimes,everyday 等时间状语连用; 2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等; 3、表示客观事实或普遍真理;
4、表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作;The plane takes off at 10 am .
5、在时间或条件状语中,表示将来的动作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right . 6、在某些文学作品的情节描写中,代替过去时,表示或用于引述书刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money.
一般过去时
用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in July . 一般将来时
主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况
在时间或条件状语中,一般不用将来时,而是用现在时代替将来时。I‘ll let you know the result when I finish everything.
1、 shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时;
2、 am (is , are) going to + 动词原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情;
3、 am (is , are) about to + 动词原型,表示即将发生的动作;
4、 am (is , an) to + 动词原型,表示必须或计划要进行的动作 You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered . 过去将来时
用于表示过去某一时间内,将要发生的动作或存在的状态 was (were) going to +动词原型 was (were) about to +动词原型
was (were) to + 动词原型 表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作 现在进行时
go, come , stay , leave, start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作 He is coming to see you tomorrow .
hate, like, love, believe, think, look, mind, have, seem, sound, smell, taste 通常不使用进行时态 过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作 He was making a long distance phone call to his friend in Australia from 10 to 11 last night .
go, come , stay , leave, start 的过去进行时形式可以表示过去将要发生的动作 将来进行时 /DIV>
将来进行时用于在将来的某一段时间正在发生的动作,或按计划在未来将要进行的动作 This time next week she will be working in the company . 现在完成时
表示从过去,但持续到现在的动作,或表示过去发生的动作,但对现在仍留有某种后果和造成影响。 He has paid his income tax. 过去完成时
用来表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作,或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。
He said that the group had written him a letter and asked him to go there for an intervier . 将来完成时
用来表示在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作 I am sure he will have left Tokyo by this time tomorrow . 现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一个时间开始一直延续要现在的动作, 这个动作可能刚刚结束,或者可能要继续进行下去。 She has been working in Guangzhou since 1985 . 过去完成进行时
表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。 可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续。 He told me that he had been a teacher of physics for more than twenty years . 在表示时间或条件关系的主从复合句中,遵照“主将从现”原则,主句用将来时态,从句用现在时态。 被动语态
助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
含有情态动词:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分辞 短语动词:example takes good care >> taken good care 虚拟语气
用来表示非真实的假设,表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望 条件从句主句
违背现在事实 过去式 should / would / could / might + 动词原形 If the manager were here , he might make a decision immediately
违背过去事实had + 过去分词should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词 I could have done it better if I had been more careful
违背将来事实should + 动词原形 should / would / could / might + 动词原形 were + 动词不定式( were to + 动词原形) If it should rain tomorrow , what could we do ? 在下列结构的主语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气 It is necessary / imperative / important / essential / 重庆专升本《大学英语》常考语法时态汇总 dvisable that
It is proposed / desired / requested / suggested / recommended / demanded / decided / arranged that
混合虚拟句 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,在时间上不一致,动词形式需要调整
If you had taken the medicine yesterday , you would be well now.
Suggest , order , ask , demand , command , request , require etc.这些动词的宾语从句用虚拟句, 在这些动词后面的宾语从句中,助动词一律是should . It is ( It was ) important ,其后的主语从句用虚拟语气,助动词用should . It is important that we ( should ) learn computer .
Wish + ( that ) 从句,通常表示不可能实现的愿望。 表示现在的动作或状态是,从句
中的动词用过去时;表示过去的动作或状态时,从句中的动词用had + 过去分词。
但是,从句中动词用would (might ) + 动词原形时,表示现在或将来有可能实现的愿望
I wish I knew a little contract law . 但愿我知道一点合同法(我不知道) I wish you would come tomorrow . 我希望你明天能来 (有可能来) As if / as thought 引导的状语从句(或表语从句)中,常用虚拟语气。 如果从句表示的意思与现在事实相反,谓语动词则应使用过去式;
如果从句表示的意思与过去事实相反,谓语动词则使用 had + 过去分词的形式 . 基本句型
主语 + 谓语动词 The two-man spaceship took off this morning . 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 The drilling machine is making a hole . 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 The answer is off the point . 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 The new approach has saved us a great deal of time
主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 We like our guests to feel at home . 常用连词
等立连词:and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for 常用关联词
主从连词 that , whether , if
连接代词 who , whom , whose , what , where , which 连接副词 when , where , why , how 倒装句
Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in
重庆专升本《大学英语》常考语法时态汇总
no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (这些词或词组放在句首作壮语时)
There be 句型和大多数的疑问句都是倒装句
Here , there , then , thus 等副词放在句首时,谓语动词为come , be , exist , follow 等不及物动词时,句子一般都为全部倒装 Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus . 句首为 so , nor , neither 等副词时、表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时 ,句子为倒装
Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister
在虚拟语气中,非真实条件从句中的连词省略时,句子为倒装。这时,倒装到主语前的助动次 had ,should 和动词were . Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train so / nor / neither + 系动词/ 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语
表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句中的主语,用到装。 He doesn‘t like music . Nor / Neither do I .
在Hardly ~~ when 和 No sooner ~~ than 以及 Not until 的句型中,由于否定词或否定词组放在句首,主句部分中的主、谓要到装———助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital . 直接引语和间接引语
John said , “ I ‘m going to London with my father .” John said that he was going to London with his father . 一般疑问句变成以if (whether ) 引导的宾语从句 He said , “Have you all understood this passage ?” He asked the class if they had all understood that passage .
祈使句变为动词不定式, 作ask , tell 等动词的宾语补足语。表示命令时常用 tell , order 等;表示请求时常用ask , beg 等动词,原句中的don‘t 应变为 not . The manager said to the clerk , “Be polite to all the clients .”
The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .
如主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态
He says , “ I am very busy reading the book .” He says that he is very busy reading the book .
如主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词应发生如下变化: 一般现在时———一般过去时 现在进行时———过去进行时 一般将来时———过去将来时 现在完成时———过去完成时
一般过去时———过去完成时过去完成时不变 直接引语转换成间接引语时,代词一般相应变 重庆专升本《大学英语》常考语法时态汇总 如下:
this —— thatlast week – the week before therse – thosethree days ago – three days before now – then tomorrow – the next day
today – that day next week – the (next ) following week this week – that week here —— there yesterday – the day before come – go 介词
at 表示确切的时间点或较短暂的一段时间 at two o‘clock
in 表示一天中的各部分时间或较长的时间 in the morning , in spring , in 1967 on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午或下午 on Sunday , on Monday afternoon
durning 表示一段时间 ,强调时间的延续 durning the Summer vacation at one time 过去有段时间、从前 at the same time 同时 on time 按时
below 表示低于 , 温度低于多少度 above 表示高于 , 温度高于多少度
几个形容词修饰一个名词的时候,排列顺序如下: 好坏、美丑等 + 大小、新旧、颜色 + 质地、属性 + 名词
和前缀a- 组成的形容词只能做表语而不能做定语, afraid , alive , alike ,alone , ashamed , asleep , awake etc. 非谓语动词
forget to do something 忘了而没有做某事 forget doing something 忘了已做过某事 remember to do something 记住了要去做某事 remember doing something 记得已经做过的事情 stop to do something 停下正做的事情去做别的事情 stop doing something 停下手中正在做的事 go on to do something 接下来做另一件事情 go on doing something 继续做一直在做的事情
动词need , want , require 和形容词 worth 后,可接动名词的主动形式来表示被动的意义
现在分词的被动式与及物动词的过去分词都表示被动:
前者表示被修饰的名词正在承受的行为 The problem being discussed is important 后者表示承受过了的行为 The problem discussed yesterday was important .
情态动词
must + have + 过去分词,表示对过去的某事做出肯定性的判断; must + 动词原形 ,表示对现在的某事作出肯定性的判断。 Need not + have +过去分词 表示过去做了本没有必要做的事情 主谓一致 (语法一致、意义一致、就近) 谓语动词用单数:
不定式、动名词或名词性结构从句作主语时; 事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称作主语时;
one , every , everyone , everybody , each , one of , many a , either , neither , no one , nobody , anybody ,some body 做主语或修饰主语时; 表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、数字等词语作主语表示总量时;
a person of , a series of , a kind of 等表示一个、一种、一系列等词组用来修饰主语时; 集体名次作主语表示一个整体概念时。 谓语动词用复数
both , few , many , several 等词语作主语或修饰主语时;(some 不一定) 形容词前加定冠词用于泛指一类时;
cattle , people , police , clothes 等名词作主语时; 由and 连接两个主语时; a number of 修饰主语时。 第三讲 定语从句
I. 定义:定语是修饰名词或代词的成分,定语可由单词、短语来充当。当用一个句子来充当名词或代词的修饰语时,这种起定语作用的句子就被称为定语从句。 They have a clever son.
Do you know the man over there?
I know the man who wrote the book. II. 要点:
1.定语从句的前面都有先行词(被修饰语) This is the boy whom we are looking for 2.定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后
3.先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词(有时可省略) 4.关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分
The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister. The man whom you want to see has come. III. 关系词基本用法
人 物 但t
at 一般可用来代替who, whom, which,作宾格时可省略 Do you remember the teacher that/who taught us English? A bookstore is a store that/which sells books.
The man (that/whom/who) you know is a famous professor. A) that 不能用来替代who, whom, which的两种情况 1)“介词+whom/which”的结构中,不能用that She is a good student from whom we should learn. 2) 在非限制性定语从句中,逗号后面不能用that She sang a new song, which we like very much. 注意:非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能省略 B) 用that不用which的一些特殊情况
主格 who which 宾格 whom which 所有格 whose of which 1) 先行词为all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等 Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 2) 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰
This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.
3) 先行词前有first, last, next, only, very, all, any等词修饰 The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.
4) 先行词同时含有“人”和“非人”时,用that 不用which,也不用who/whom He talked about the people and the books that interested him. C) 关系副词when, where, why
用关系副词when时,它的先行词是表示时间的名词,用where时先行词是表示地点的名词,而用why时它的先行词只可能是reason,使用时应注意以下几点: 1) 关系代词的选择主要是看先行词在从句中所作的成分 This is the city where I was born.
This is the city (which/that) he has visited I don‘t know the reason why she is late.
That is the reason (which/that) everybody knows Do you still remember the day when he arrived?
Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together? 2) 关系副词when,where, why可由“介词+which”的结构来替代 Is this the reason for which they came? He left the day on which I came. 注意:how 不能用来引导定语从句 This is the way how he did it. D) As 作关系代词的用法
与the same, such连用
This is the same book as I read last week. Such books as I have read are classical works. 定语从句练习:
1. The book ______ is yellow was given to me by Mr. Li. A)it‘s cover C) whose cover B) its cover D) the cover of that
2. Who was the grey-haired old woman ______ at yesterday‘s meeting? A)we saw herC) we saw
B) we saw whom D) she was seen
3. He makes good use of the time ______ he can spare. A)when C) that B) in that D) in which 4. I don‘t know the room ______ A)where our headmaster lives in B) our headmaster lives in C)in that our headmaster lives D)in which does our headmaster live 5. This is the least interesting book ______
A)which I have ever read C) what I have ever read B) I have ever read D) which I have ever read 6. You must do everything _____ I have told you to. A)which B) that C) when D) how 7. Has all _____ can be done _____?
A)what/done C) that/been done B) that/be done D) what/ already done
8. Oct. 1, 1949 is the day _____ even a small child can well remember. A)when B) that C) what D) why
9. That was the room ______ they pretended to be working hard. A)which B) in that C) in which D) that 10.&nbs
This is the reason ______ I love to read the story. A)Why B) because C) when D) since 11. She had three sons, all ______ became doctors. A)of which B) which C) of whom D) who
12. Have you bought the same dictionary ______ I referred to yesterday? A)that B) which C) what D) as 13. The doctor ______ stepped in. A)Della was waiting for him B) whom Della was waiting C)Della was waiting for D)who Della was waiting
14. I want to buy such a dictionary _____ you bought last week. A)that B) what C) likeD) as
15. This is the TV station ______ we visited last year. A)Where B) that C) to which D) in which
16. Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Australia? A)when B) during which C) which D) on which
17. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence? A)why B) when C) that D) what
18. Mary is good at English and mathematics, ______ we all know very well in our school. A)that B) what C) /D) as
19. Let‘s go and visit Mr. Brown, ______ you know visited us last year. A)that B) whoC) whom D) whose
20. She is pleased with ______ you have given her and ______ you have told her. A)that/that B) what/that C) what/all what D) all/what 21. I, who ____ your friend, will try my best to help you. A)be B) am C) are D) is<
22. I‘ll remember the days and nights ______ we were together in Australia. A)when B) that C) at which D) at when 23. The world ______ is made up of matter. A)in that we live C) on which we live B) where we live in D) we live in 24. This is the most difficult book ______.
A)what I have ever read C) which I have ever read B) I have ever read it D) that I have ever read 25. There comes a time in every man‘s life ______. A)then he has to think C) when he has to think
B) therefore he has to think D) about which he has to think 26. He spoke confidently, _____ impressed me most. A) so that B) thatC) it D) which
27. He took down a square green bottle, _____ he poured into a dish.
A) its contentB) which contentC) the content of which D) the content of that 28. It wasn‘t such a good dinner _____ she had promised us. A) that B) which C) as D) what
29. All _____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A) what is neededB) for our needs C) the thing neededD) that is needed 30. The goals _____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. A) after which B) for which C) with which D) at which
31. The time is not far away _____ modern communications will become widespread in China‘s vast countryside.
A) when B) asC) until D) before
32. The residents, _____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross A) all whose homes B) all their homes C) all of whose homes D) all of their homes
33. Language is a city, to the building of _____ every human being brought a stone. A) whichB) thatC) it D) this
34. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent. A) there B) them C) whereD) which
35. The mere fact _____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.
A) what B) which C) that D) why
36. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _____ up to half will be from overseas.
A) of whom B) for whom C) with which D) in which 37. I‘ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place _____. A) where I‘d like to visit B) I most want to visit
C) in which I‘d like to visit D) that I want to visit it most
38. We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, _____ saves money, of course. A) whichB) asC) that D) what
39. Today the public is much concerned about the way _____. A) nature is being ruined B) which nature is ruined C) on which to ruin nature D) of nature to be ruined (格致教育专升本资料中心)
专升本写作不可不知的88个词语搭配
1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to … 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外 …be no exception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for… 36.综合素质 comprehensive quality
37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to… 40. 应当承认 Admittedly,
41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词,字母I 大写) 46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion 53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.长远利益. Interest in the long run
60…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62.取其精髓,取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs. 63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …
66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.
67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of … 68.有利有弊 every coin has its two sides. No garden without weeds.
69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person. 70.重视 attach great importance to… 71.社会地位 social status
72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on… 73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge 74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally
75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to… 76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal
77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden 79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.
80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with 81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary.
82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water 84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities
85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress
86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…
87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding 88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
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