2020年高考英语二轮复习专题04 阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题(讲练)

【构建知识体系】

考点1事实细节题 考点2细节转换与是非判断题 细节理解题 考点3数字计算题 考点4细节排序题

近三年（2017—2019年）阅读理解命题考点情况：

试卷 类型 卷I D A B C 2017 D 说明文 315 自制太阳能蒸馏器的方法 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题1 写作意图题1 A B 2018 C 说明文 304 随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因 词义猜测题1 观点态度题1 应用文 说明文 270 270 Washington, D.C.旅游的四种路线 绍了一档英国系列电视节目 细节理解题8 推理判断题2 说明文 应用文 记叙文 说明文 327 231 296 352 2016 C 记叙文 262 B 议论文 287 年份 篇序 A 记叙文 267 主要介绍几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。 介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。 作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历。 沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 购物中心Pacific Science Center 救助一只小猫头鹰的故事 爵士乐问题 细节理解题6 推理判断题 5 观点态度题 1 细节理解题10 推理判断题3 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题1 体裁 词数 话题 考点分布 D 说明文 363 新旧电子设备的差别 主旨大意题2 写作意图题1 A 应用文 256 省及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。 细节理解题7 推理判断题5 词义猜测题1 段落大意题1 标题归纳题1 B 记叙文 300 Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程 2019 C 说明文 243 新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。 D 议论文 351 对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。 2016 卷II D A B C 2017 D 说明文 293 植物在受到昆虫的攻击时自我保护 写作意图题1 主旨大意题2 词义猜测题1 A B 2018 C D 应用文 说明文 说明文 议论文 284 268 300 330 家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动 水果营养丰富且对人体有益 青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣减少 减少手机使用、增加与人谈话 细节理解题6 推理判断题5 文章出处题1 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题2 2019 A 应用文 242 作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍 细节理解题8 记叙文 应用文 记叙文 说明文 278 306 2 307 C 说明文 249 BookCrossing.com所进行的分享图书活动的目的及具体过程 Frank的图片记录了一次海难 莎士比亚剧本翻译及上演 作者与Paul的友谊 Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车 细节理解题5 推理判断题5 代词指代题1 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题1 A B 应用文 记叙文 281 280 四则广告的具体内容及细节信息 通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。 细节理解题8 推理判断题4 代词指代题1 B 记叙文 312 作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。 推理判断题4 词义猜测题1 标题归纳题1 主旨大意题1 C 说明文 334 介绍了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间。 D 说明文 272 戈登和他的学生研究在国际空间站克服微生物的问题。 2016 卷III A B 应用文 记叙文 195 325 介绍五个与音乐有关的活动 一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。 细节理解题7 推理判断题4 写作意图题1 词义猜测题1 代词指代题1 主旨大意题1 细节理解题5 推理判断题7 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题2 C D 说明文 说明文 278 346 介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。 好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的消息越容易被大众分享。 A B 应用文 记叙文 252 282 美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线 一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售 2017 C D 说明文 说明文 295 334 美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的故事 科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康的生活方式 A B C 2018 应用文 说明文 新闻报道 197 316 372 去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息 Dawson城市的发展原因、过程与现状 中国建筑设计师王澍获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖 细节理解题10 推理判断题2 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题2 D 说明文 307 引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法 2019 A 应用文 191 一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映 细节理解题10 推理判断题3 B 说明文 286 中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。 C 说明文 292 19世纪报纸的改革发展之路。 词义猜测题1 标题归纳题2 D 说明文 319 研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。 【考纲解读】

考试大纲 要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。 考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要词义猜测、远瞩，不可以以偏概全。 篇章结构等题型。 要求 考纲解读 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑 【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向

1. A【2019·全国I】 Need a Job This Summer?

The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.

Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.

Jobs for Youth

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program.

Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.

Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区). Summer Company

Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program

You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.

Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)

Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.

21. What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for running new businesses. C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities.

22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A. 15-18.

B. 15-24.

C. 15-29.

D. 16-17.

23. Which program favors the disabled? A. Jobs for Youth.

C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.

B. Summer Company.

D. Summer Employment Opportunities.

【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个面向学生们暑期的工作，这些工作有的是针对残疾学生的，有的还会给学生提供奖励。

21. B 细节理解题。由Summer Company 部分中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，Summer Company项目会

对创办新公司进行奖励。故选B。

22. D细节理解题。由 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 a time of hire, ”可知，这个项目的要求的年龄是16到17岁之间。故选D。

23. D细节理解题。由末段末句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，Summer Employment Opportunities适合的是有残疾的学生们。故选D。

2. A【2019·全国II】 My Favourite Books

Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.

Matilda Roald Dahl

I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but they're also aspirational.

After Dark Haruki Murakami

It’s about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.

Gone Girl Gillian Fynn

There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable

The Stand Stephen King

This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.

21. Who does \"I\" refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. C. Jo Usmar.

B. Gillian Flynn. D. Roald Dahl

22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. C. After Dark

B. Matilda. D. The Stand.

23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?) A. A folk tale. C. A love story.

B. A biography. D. A horror story.

【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D 【解析】

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了作家Jo Usmar选出的四本自己最喜欢的书籍。

21. C细节理解题。由Matilda中的“I once wrote a paper …and delightful words”可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以Jo Usmar在介绍Matilda这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文。所以“I”指的是Jo Usmar。故C选项正确。

22. C 细节理解题。由After Dark中的“It’s about two sister-Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping,

and Mari, a young student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹---Eri是一个突然一觉不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的学生。所以After Dark中讲述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C选项正确。

23. D 细节理解题。由Gone Girl中的“......but the horror story is brilliant”可知，但是这个恐怖的故事很精彩。所以Gone Girl讲述的是一个恐怖故事。故D选项正确。

3. A【2019·全国III】 OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS

Animals Out of Paper

Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church，165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)

.The Audience

Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)

Hamilton

Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)

On the Twentieth Century

Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs，for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre，227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.)

21. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?. A. A type of art. C. A great teacher.

22. Who is the director of The Audience? A. Helen Mirren. C. Dylan Baker.

B. Peter Morgan. D. Stephen Daldry. B. A teenager's studio. D. A group of animals.

23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A. Animals Out of Paper. C. Hamilton.

【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 【解析】

【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四部不同主题的文化剧。

21. A细节理解题。根据第一小节的第二句话“in which an origami（折纸术）artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.”可知，本节介绍的故事内容是一位折纸艺术家邀请一对师生到她的工作室，因此主题是折纸这门艺术。故选A。

22. D 细节理解题。由第二小节的第二句话“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知，The Audience是由Stephen Daldry执导的。故选D。

B. The Audience.

D. On the Twentieth Century.

23. C细节理解题。由第三节的第一句可知，Hamilton的内容是以移民为主题的美利坚合众国的诞生。故选C。

【高考预测】

纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2020年全国高考试题还会

①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。 ②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题2题左右。

【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点

考点一 事实细节题C【2019·全国III】

Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.

The trend, then, was toward the \"penny paper\"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.

This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase \"penny paper \" caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.

This new trend of newspapers for \"the man on the street\" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.

28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s? A. Academic.

B. Unattractive.

C. Inexpensive.

D. Confidential.

29. What did street sales mean to newspapers? A. They would be priced higher. C. They could have more readers.

B. They would disappear from cities. D. They could regain public trust.

30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at? A. Local politicians. C. Young publishers.

31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper? A. It was a difficult process. C. It was a robbery of the poor.

【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 【解析】

【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。十九世纪三十年代之前报纸由于只能以年为单位订购，几乎仅仅是有钱人的专有物，后来一些有胆略的年轻商人打破现状，逐渐让街上以份售卖成为报纸销售的主流。这就是报纸行业的一场大的变革。

28. B 细节理解题。由第一段第四句“In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.”可知，在19世纪30年代之前大部份报纸都没有什么吸引大众的内容，故选B。

29. C细节理解题。由第二段第二句“It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.”可知，街上按单份卖的报纸相比之前只能以年为单位订购的报纸，更容易让普通大众消费，也就是有了更多的读者群，故选C。

30. B细节理解题。从第二段第二句The trend, then, was toward the \"penny paper\" - a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.可知报纸售卖的新潮流目的是向普通大众销售报纸，故选B。

31. A细节理解题。最后一段第一句“This new trend of newspapers for \"the man on the street\" did not begin well.”就谈到了开始得不顺利，再结合下文的“failure”以及“had little desire to change the tradition”可知，\"penny paper\"这一新潮流并不顺利，许多成功报纸商不愿改变传统，只是有一些年轻的有胆识的商人努力才促使改革成功。整个过程非常辛苦，故选A。 规律方法1： 如何解决事实细节题？

做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。学科@网

B. It was a temporary success. D. It was a disaster for printers. B. Common people. D. Rich businessmen.

【变式精练】

[2020·广东省茂名市第一次综合测试]

A 23-year-old British woman has invented a product that she hopes will one day take the place of single-use plastic. The new product is made by combining fishing waste and algae （藻类）.

Lucy Hughes created the material, called MarinaTex, for her final year project at the University of Sussex. She continued her research after she left the university.

On November 13, the James Dyson Foundation announced that Hughes was the international winner of the 2019 James Dyson Award for design.

MarinaTex is edible, meaning it can be eaten without danger. Hughes says it also is strong and stable. But unlike plastic, MarinaTex breaks down in four to six weeks under normal conditions and does not pollute the soil.

The inventor said she is concerned about the growing amounts of plastics in ocean waters. She noted one report that there would be more plastic than fish in the world's oceans by the year 2050. The United Nations estimates that 100 million tons of plastic waste has already been left in the oceans.

Hughes also was investigating ways to reduce the amount of waste from the fishing industry. The industry produces an estimated 50 million tons of waste worldwide each year, UN officials say.

Hughes told Reuters that she was \"trying to work out how I could use the waste stream and add value to that waste.\" Examining fish parts left over from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did not harm the environment.

To create a strong material, Hughes added the molecule chitosan, which comes from sea creatures like crabs, and agar, a material from red algae.

After months of testing, Hughes produced a strong, flexible sheet that forms at temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius.

Inventor James Dyson said that MarinaTex is \"stronger, safer and much more sustainable\" than the plastic polyethylene. It is also easier to break down than other possible replacement products for polyethylene, the material that single-use plastic bags are made of.

Hughes will receive about $41,000 in prize money as the first place winner of the James Dyson Award. She told Reuters that she plans to use the money to better develop the product and ways to mass produce it.371 12. When did Lucy Hughes create MarinaTex? A. At university.

B. After graduation.

C. Before going to university. 13. What's true about MarinaTex? A. It is delicious. C. It is a type of plastics.

14. What helped to give her the idea for MarinaTex? A. Observing the process of fishing. B. Studying different parts of a fish. C. Checking waste from the fishing industry. D. Examining left-over fish parts after cooking.

D. After winning the James Dyson Award.

B. It is environmentally friendly. D. It exists for a long time in nature.

15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Entertainment. C. Lifestyle.

B. Education. D. Technology.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了23岁的英国女性发明了一种有望取代一次性塑料的环保产品。12.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Lucy Hughes created the material, called MarinaTex, for her final year project at the University of Sussex.”可知，露西·休斯为她在苏塞克斯大学最后一年的项目创作了一种叫做MarinaTex的材料，故选A。

13.B细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“But unlike plastic, MarinaTex breaks down in four to six weeks under normal conditions and does not pollute the soil”可知，与塑料不同的是，MarinaTex在正常情况下会在4到6周内分解，不会污染土壤，由此可知，MarinaTex是环保的，故选B。

14.C细节理解题。根据文章第七段中的“\" Examining fish parts left over from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did not harm the environment.”可知，检查加工过程中留下来的鱼的剩余部分帮助她产生了一种有用且不破坏环境的材料的想法，也就是检查渔业废料让露西·休斯产生了发明MarinaTex的想法，故选C。

15.D推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据文章第一段中的“A 23-year-old British woman has invented a product that she hopes will one day take the place of single-use plastic.”可知，本文主要介绍了23岁的英国女性发明了一种有望取代一次性塑料的环保产品，这属于技术范畴，因此文章最有可能出现在报纸的技术版块，故选D。 考点二 细节转换与是非判断题 【例2】A【2018·天津卷】

Fire Prevention Information

The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. Fire Alarms

The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. Fire Drills

A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: ·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. ·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift. ·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions. Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.

Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. Smoke Detector

A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:

·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.

·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.

·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff. 36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals? A. To provide part-time jobs for students. B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.

C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment. D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals. 37. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? A. Pipes and smoke detectors. B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers. C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations 38. In a fire drill, the students should ________. A. rush quickly to a lift B. gather at the nearest exit. C. shut the door and leave at once D. wait for instructions in the hall

39. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers? A. Using them wrongly results in punishment. B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them. C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.

40. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________. A. contact the hall staff regularly B. cover the things that burn easily C. start the smoke detector in a fire D. make certain the red light is working

【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。

38. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Drills中的句子Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.和Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。

39. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。

40. 细节理解题。根据文章Smoke Detector中的句子If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。

点睛：文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题3中C选择项中leave at once与文中的Exit immediately表达的同一个意思；小题4中考生要理解文中fines（罚款）是A选择项中punishment（惩罚）的一种，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。

【例3】(A)【上海市松江区2019届高三上学期期末质量监控】

Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. That’s because tigers are the largest of all cat species. Tigers are not only large, they are also fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30 feet horizontally. You might not think that such large, fast, and fierce creatures need help to survive, but they do.

It is estimated that at the start of the 20th century, there were over 100,000 tigers living in the wild. By the turn of the century, the number of tigers outside of captivity dwindled to just over 3,000. Interestingly, the most serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species, one with an average weight of around 140 lbs. That species is Homo sapiens, better known as humans. Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways: hunting and destroying habitat.

Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though trading tiger

skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, tiger pelts are worth around $10,000 on the black market. Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers, other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny. Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones, amongst other parts, in some prescriptions.

Tigers have also been hunted as game. In other words, people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and

achievement of killing them. Such killings took place in large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when an English hunter might claim to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting career. Though this practice is much less popular today than it was in the past, it has not ceased entirely.

Humans have done considerable damage to the world’s tiger population through hunting, but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of Russia. But over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range. Instead of spanning all the way across Asia, the tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia. This is because humans have drastically changed the environments. Humans have built towns and cities. Road and transit systems were created to connect these towns and cities. To feed the people living in these areas, forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland.

A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Tigers are also both territorial and solitary animals. This means that they are protective of the areas that they claim and they generally do not share with other tigers. Because tigers need so much territory, it is really difficult for conservationists to acquire enough land to support a large population of tigers.

1. Which of the following is NOT a reason in the article explaining why tigers are hunted? A. Because tiger skins are worth a lot of money.

B. Because tiger parts are used as medicines in some cultures. C. Because some tigers attack local villages.

D. Because tigers are hunted for enjoyment by some people.

2. The underlined word “incentive” in the third paragraph probably means ________. A. attractive B. innovative C. alternative D. respective

3. Which best explains why tigers have lost so much of their habitat according to the text? A. Because tigers are under threat from other animals.

B. Because tiger skins are extremely valuable. C. Because the environment has been changed. D. Because tigers need so much space to survive.

4. Which of the following best describes the author’s main purpose in writing this article? A. To provide readers with interesting information about the lifestyles of tigers. B. To persuade readers to help the world’s tiger population and to offer ways to help. C. To entertain readers with stories about how tigers hunt and are hunted. D. To explain to readers why the world’s tiger population is endangered. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 【解析】

本文为议论文。文章主要叙述了体型大速度快的老虎由于人类对虎皮，虎骨的贪婪及人类的娱乐遭到人类的捕杀。更为重要的是人类为了养活自己，改变了环境，使老虎的栖息地急剧减少，老虎的数量也在减少，由此造成老虎种群濒临灭绝。 1.

2.猜测词义题。根据划线词的上一句“tiger pelts are worth around $10,000 on the black market.” 可知“黑市上的虎皮价值约10000美元”，可推断出“皮毛对大多数偷猎者来说有吸引力的，”，分析选项：A. attractive诱人的，吸引人的；B. innovative创新的；C. alternative 可供选择的；D. respective各自的，分别的。可知A项，attractive“诱人的”，就是有“吸引人的”,故选A。

3.推理判断题。第五段的内容可知，“人类通过狩猎对世界老虎种群造成了相当大的破坏，但可能更多的破坏是由于栖息地的破坏。但是在过去的100年里，老虎已经失去了93%的历史领地。现在，老虎的数量已经被孤立在亚洲南部和东南部的小地方，这是因为人类已经彻底改变了环境”，可知C项（环境的变化是考上失去如此多的栖息地的主要原因）

4.

规律方法2：如何解决细节转换与是非判断题?

细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。

(1)语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。

(2)图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用“文字锁定法”，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。

(3)是非判断题，采用对号入座法和排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从中找出答案。正确答案与原文表述可能有出入，但意思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法，针对是非判断题中的“三错一对”或“三对一错”类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比较选项与原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。 【变式精练】

A【2020·安徽省芜湖市高三三模】 The 3 Best Marvel Films-Ranked!

It seems that ranking films well is always a tough task. In the hearts of millions of fans, everyone has is own choice. Superhero films are even more so. Recently, The Guardian (卫报) has selected three of the most popular Marvel films.

No. 3 Blade Ⅱ (2002)

This film continues the story of an earlier 1998’s Blade and is directed by Guillermo. The story once again concerns the mysterious daywalker, played by Wesley Snipes. It is an action film full of high technology and the fighting scenes Guillermo expresses are horribly exciting. Not a typical superhero film, in many ways, but a great one:

No.2 Black Panther (2018)

This superb film is an entertaining adventure, with a richer component of fantasy than the other Marvel films. The character of black panther is established as one of Marvel’s greatest heroes. It is a big hit across the board. It also employs Rachel Morrison who is MCU’s first woman cinematographer, a photographer who operates a movie camera. Marvel Studios’ president, Kevin Feige, has promised to get more women writers and directors on board. So far, the only Marvel female writer is Nicole Perlman for Guardians of the Galaxy.

No. 1 Thor: Ragnarok (2017)

It is smart, visually exciting and perhaps above all, funny. And it’s funny in a way that only Marvel films can be. It suggests that to some degree comedy can be an important part of the drama. Taika Waititi was an inspired choice as director. Hemsworth plays the role of Thor and Cate Blanchett plays Hela, the goddess of death who also happens to be Thor’s half-sister.

1. According to The Guardian, which film ranks first? A. Blade Ⅱ.

C. Guardians of the galaxy.

B. Black Panther. D. Thor: Ragnarok.

2. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Ranking superhero films is easy. B. Blade Ⅱ is a typical superhero film.

C. Nicole Perlman is the only Marvel female writer so far. D. Taika Waititi. Hemsworth and Cate Blanchett act in one film. 【答案】1. D 2. C

【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了三部最受欢迎的科幻电影。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的Recently, The Guardian (卫报) has selected three of the most popular Marvel films.（最近，《卫报》选出了三部最受欢迎的科幻电影）及No. 1 Thor: Ragnarok (2017)可知，Thor: Ragnarok排名第一。故D选项正确。

2.细节理解题。根据No.2 Black Panther (2018)部分中的So far, the only Marvel female writer is Nicole Perlman for Guardians of the Galaxy.（到目前为止，唯一的科幻女作家是出演《银河护卫队》的妮可·帕尔曼）可知，妮可•帕尔曼是迄今为止唯一的科幻女作家。故C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Superhero films are even more so. Recently, The Guardian (卫报) has selected three of the most popular Marvel films.（超级英雄电影更是如此。最近，《卫报》选出了三部最受欢迎的科幻电影）及下文对三部电影的介绍可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一些超级英雄电影。故A选项正确。

考点三 数字计算题

【例4】 A【2018·江苏】 The Metropolitan Museum of Art 1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028 211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.org Entrances

Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street Hours

Open 7 days a week. Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30 Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00

Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,January 1,and the first Monday in May. Admission

$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an

adult.

Free with Admission

All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and

family/children's programs are free with admission.

Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk. The Cloisters Museum and Gardens

The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive

collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century. Hours: Open 7 days a week. March-October 10:00-17:15 November-February 10:00-16:45

Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,and January 1.

56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?

A. $12.

B. $37.

C. $ 50.

D. $ 62

57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.

A. it opens all the year round

B. its collections date from the Middle Ages C. it has a modern European-style garden D. it sells excellent European glass collections

【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国艺术博物馆和修道院博物馆的参观指南，包括参观时间、价格、特点等。

规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？

先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 1、仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。

2、仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。 3、运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。

【变式精练】

1. A【2020·河南省八市重点中学高三9月月考】

Millions of people are familiar with if -snoring(打鼾). The number one annoyance in the bedroom at night. About one i two men and one in four women of middle age or older snores in their sleep. Previously dismissed as just an annoying disturbance of the peace, snoring is now recognized as a serious sleep and health disorder. These nightly problems in sleep can even be life-threatening!

When snoring, loud breathing noises occur in the upper airways during sleep, as loud as a passing truck. That' s the sound many people fall asleep to, Men over 50 years old, especially snore. As many as 60 to 80 Percent in this age group are affected.

Now there's a revolutionary helper that immediately improves nasal( 鼻的)breathing and can thereby prevent snoring. It is called the SilentSnore, and its the first small and easy-to-use device for combating bothersome snoring noises. Tens of thousands of people have already used this little wonder to sleep better and more peacefully at night. And indeed-snoring can easily be combated with this method!

The SilentSnore gently widens the nostril(鼻孔) to reduce respiratory(呼吸系统) resistance in the nose in other words, air can flow better into the lungs through the nose. As soon as the body registers that nasal breathing is working without restriction again, it unconsciously switches to (much healthier)nasal breathing. In contrast to things like chinstraps, SilentSnore docs not disturb you while you sleep.

This ingenious little device controls snoring when sleeping without interfering the normal sleep cycle. A normal and healthy sleep cycle should include at least 25% at deep sleep, by relieving snoring effectively, stop disturbing your sleeping partner immediately, and/ guarantee your body rest and regenerate well. You can place your order online through the official website in China. Your SilentSnore will be delivered to your doorstep. 1. Why should we try to prevent snoring?

A. Because loud breathing noises occur in the upper airways during sleep.

B. Because it's the number one annoyance in the bedroom at night and it can be life threatening. C. Because as many as 60 to 80 percent in this age group are affected by snoring D. Because snoring was recognized as a serious sleep and health disorder

2. If there are 24 girls in your class, how many of them will probably snore when sleeping? A. 12 C. 8

B. 6

D. We don't know

3. SilentSnore has the following advantages except_______ A. promoting better breathing C. interfering the normal sleep cycle 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，首先文章介绍了打鼾的害处以及打鼾的人的年龄和数量。然后推出了防止打 鼾的装置 SilentSnore，介绍了这款产品的功能。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Previously dismissed as just an annoying disturbance of the peace, snoring is now recognized as a serious sleep and health disorder. These nightly lapses in sleep can even be life-threatening”可知，打鼾会产生让人烦恼的噪音，甚至会让人有生命危险因此要阻止打鼾。故选B。

2.细节理解题。文章第一段中About one or two men and one in four women of middle age or older snores in their sleep.（大约有一到两名男性和四分之一的中年或老年女性在睡梦中打鼾。）提到了中年以上的男人和女人打鼾的比例，第二段中That' s the sound many people fall asleep to, Men over 50 years old, especially snore. As many as 60 to 80 Percent in this age group are affected.（这是许多人睡觉时听到的声音，50岁以上的男人尤其喜欢打鼾。这个年龄段有60%到80%的人受到影响。）提到了 50 岁以上的男人打鼾的比例，没有 提及高中阶段的女孩子。因此不知道如果你们班有24个女生，有多少人会在睡觉的时候打鼾。故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“This ingenious little device controls snoring when sleeping without interfering the normal sleep cycle.（这个精巧的小装置可以在不干扰正常睡眠周期的情况下控制打鼾。）” 可知 SilentSnore这种装置在睡觉时可以控制打鼾但是不会干扰正常睡眠周期。干扰睡眠周期也不可能是 SilentSnore的优势。故选C。

2. A【贵州省遵义航天高级中学高三第五次模拟】

UK is becoming a popular destination for people who wish to study abroad. However, Britain is quite an expensive place to study and live in. Tuition fees have now reached £ 9,250 a year and students also face some of the highest living costs in the world.

Fortunately, there are a number of countries where universities offer degree programs entirely in English, along with the chance to learn the local language while you live there. Here are three of the options.

B. reducing and stopping snoring. D. Being small and easy to use

Tianjin University

Moving to China is not for the faint- hearted. Undergraduate degree courses at Tianjin last four years. Living costs are only around £ 400 a month and tuition fees are £ 2,300 a year. Flights will cost £ 3,600 over the four years. The total cost, at £ 28,800, is still around half that of a three-year degree in Britain. Tianjin is one of the world's latest cities and is only a half-hour train ride from Beijing. Three undergraduate programs are offered in English: Chemical Engineering, Environment & Energy and Pharmaceutical Science.

University of Amsterdam

The Dutch capital is not a cheap city to live in, but standard tuition fees of £ 1,800 a year make it significantly cheaper than a British degree. There are 14 bachelor's degrees on offer that are taught in English, including Political Science, Economics & Business Economics and Actuarial Science. Nearly all Dutch people speak English, making it an easy country to get by in.

University of Milan

The University of Milan's fees range from £ 140 to £3,650 a year. The one bachelor's degree offered entirely in English―Political Science is a three-year course. While living costs in Milan are high, the significantly lower fees make it a cheaper option than a British university.

1. What is probably the total cost of a three-year degree in Britain? A. £ 14,400 B. £ 27,750 C. £ 28,800 D. £ 57,600

2. Where can you major in Political Science? A. London and Tianjin. B. Amsterdam and London. C. Amsterdam and Milan. D. Tianjin and Milan.

3. What is the purpose of the text? A. To encourage people to study abroad. B. To introduce some affordable universities. C. To advertise some degree programs. D. To compare tuition fees and living cost 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个学费和消费都比英国低的完全用英语授课且提供学位课程的几个大学。 【1题详解】

28,800, is still around half that of a three-year degree in 细节理解题。根据第三段的The total cost, at £

Britain可知，在英国学习三年的花费是57600英镑，故选D。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。第一段提到英国的留学费用是世界上非常贵的，接着又提到了几个国家的相对比较便宜的大学，可推断出本文的目的是介绍几个学生们能负担得起的大学，故选B。 考点四 细节排序题 【例4】

You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.

The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in

Russia.“Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp，” he said.

The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor，there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production，Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.(2013·山东，C)

68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works? A．motor →canopy →sensors B．sensors →motor →canopy C．motor →sensors →canopy D．canopy →motor →sensors 【答案】B

规律方法4：如何解决细节排序题？

做此类题目可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。学@科网

【变式精练】

Planning to go to a gym? If you are one of those who spent many days planning to join a gym or to attend it regularly, then why not choose some home exercise? Here are some home exercises without equipment. Jumping jacks

This one is the best home workout without weights which is a great exercise that will work your hands and legs. Perform this exercise by standing with your feet placed together and arms at your sides. Now tuck in your abs(收腹) and jump by bending in your knees. At the same time, move your feet apart as much as you can and raise your hands to bring in line with your shoulder. While you come back you must be in a starting position, feet together, hands at sides and knees bent. You must land on your heels and again jump. Jogging

Jogging is one of the best home exercises without weights. You don’t need to have a lawn or jogging track at home to perform this exercise. There are many benefits of jogging. It will work your entire legs. Moreover, it is a classic cardiovascular(心血管) workout. Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet. Also, you can gradually increase the jogging time and speed. Rotating(旋转) exercise

Start by rotating your wrists, clockwise(顺时针地) and anticlockwise. Now, alternately rotate your feet in the

same fashion. Now place both your hands on the shoulder and start rotating your shoulder clockwise and anticlockwise. Place an exercise mat and lie flat on your back. Now lift your left leg and rotate it clockwise; do not bend you knees. Now rest the left leg, lift your right leg and rotate it anticlockwise.

It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise which will help you stick to the exercise routine and excitement. Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes to perform the workout with ease. Also, putting on your favorite music will make your exercise session more lively. If you get bored with exercises, just dance, after all it’s also one of the best home exercises.

3. What is the right order of your body parts during rotation exercise?

A. hands—legs---back----legs. B. wrists—hands---feet---shoulders C. wrists---feet---shoulders---legs D. hands---shoulders---knees---legs