探讨无功补偿在低压电网中的应用

一、低压电网中的无功补偿含义 One, in the low voltage power network compensation of wattless power meaning 低压电网中的无功补偿是对低压电网中的无功功率进行补偿的措施，旨在提高低压电网的功率因数，降低供电变压器及输送线路的损耗，提高供电效率，改善低压电网的供电环境。低压电网中的无功补偿通过选择合适的补偿方法和补偿装置，可以最大限度的减少低压电网的损耗，使电网质量提高，减少电压波动和降低谐波，从而提高电压稳定性。 In the low voltage power network reactive compensation is not on low-voltage power wattless power compensation measures, in order to improve the power factor of low voltage network, reduce the power loss of transformer and transmission line, improve power supply efficiency, improve power supply environment of low voltage network. In the low voltage power network compensation of wattless power by choosing suitable compensation method and compensation device, can minimize the loss of low-voltage power grid, so that power quality, reduce voltage fluctuation and reduce the harmonic, so as to improve the voltage stability. 二、低

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压电网中的无功补偿的重要意义 Significance of wattless power compensation in two, in the low voltage power network 低压电网中的无功补偿能够提高电网的电压稳定性，从而提高电压质量，有效降低电力传输过程中的功率损耗和电能损耗，提高供配电设备的供电能力，因此，工矿企业内部供配电系统需安装无功补偿装置。通过无功补偿，不但可以提高低压电网的电压质量和配电设备的利用率，还可以为企业的节能低碳作出贡献。企业的功率因数直接关系到企业的电价，企业若想降低电力费用，不但要在电力设备的节能保养上下功夫，还要提高企业用电的功率因数，而无功补偿正是企业提高功率因数，实现节能低碳的有效手段之一。另外，无功补偿有利于降低电力系统的能耗。我们可根据的计算公式来测算无功补偿降低电力系统能耗的作用情况，根据来计算，线损P减少的百分数：，也就是说当功率因数从0.75提高到0.90时，由上式可求得有功损耗将降低25%-40%，这是意想不到的效果。并且，《全国供用电规则》规定：高压供电用户，其功率因数不应低于0.9，其他电力用户的功率因数不应低于0.85，功率因数低于0.7时，不予供电。若达不到以上要求，应装设必要的无功补偿装置，否则要加收电费。因此，低压电网中的无功无论是对低压电网还是对于用电企业和供电企业都具有十分重要的意义。

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Reactive power compensation can improve the voltage stability of power grid without in the low voltage power network, so as to improve the voltage quality, reduce the power loss and power loss in power transmission, improve the power supply, power supply equipment, therefore, need to install the wattless power compensation device of power supply and distribution system of industrial and mining enterprises internal. The wattless compensation, not only can improve the use of low-voltage power grid voltage quality and power distribution equipment rate, can also contribute to energy saving and low carbon enterprise. The power factor is directly related to the price, if enterprises want to reduce electricity costs, not only to energy saving in power equipment maintenance efforts, but also to improve the power factor of electric enterprise, and compensation of wattless power enterprises is to improve the power factor, energy saving and low carbon efficient means of. In addition, wattless power compensation to reduce the energy consumption of electric power system. We can

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according to the formula to measure the effect of reducing the power consumption of idle compensation, according to the calculation of line loss, percentage of reduction of P, that is to say: when the power factor is increased from 0.75 to 0.90, can be obtained by the formula of active power loss will be reduced 25%-40%, this is the unexpected effect. And, \" the provisions of the national electricity rules \": high voltage power supply, the power factor shall be not less than 0.9, power factor and other power users shall not be less than 0.85, the power factor is less than 0.7, no power supply. If you are not up to the requirements above, no reactive power compensation device shall be equipped with necessary, otherwise will charge of electricity. Therefore, in the low voltage network wattless regardless of the low voltage power network and the important significance of electricity and power supply business enterprise has. 三、低压电网中的无功补偿原理 Wattless power compensation principle of three, in the low voltage power network 配电网中的用电设备（如感应电动机、变压器、电抗器、

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电焊机等）大部分是感性负荷，通常感性无功功率的电流相位滞后于电压相位，而容性无功功率的电流相位超前电压相位。故常用容性无功功率补偿感性无功功率，以减少电网无功负荷，熔铝炉由于超前电流与滞后电流的互补作用，也就是电容性负荷的无功功率补偿了电感性负荷的无功功率。当电网容量一定时，使无功功率减少，从而达到了提高功率因数的目的。 The electrical equipment in distribution network ( such as induction motor, transformer, reactor, electric welding machine ) is mostly perceptual load, the current phase usually perceptual wattless power behind the phase voltage, phase current and capacitance wattless power forward voltage phase. It is commonly used in capacitive wattless power compensation perceptual wattless power, in order to reduce the network load without power, because the complementary role of leading current and hysteresis current, is also the wattless power compensation of capacitive load of the inductive load of wattless power. When the power grid capacity is fixed, so that no power is reduced, so as to improve the power factor of the objective. 四、低压电网中的无功补偿方法 Wattless power

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compensation method for four, in the low voltage power network （一）随机补偿。随机补偿主要是对电磁感应中的无功功率进行补偿，常用于电动机的无功补偿。随机补偿伴随着电动机的开启与关闭同时补偿与消失，能够自动进行无功功率的补偿，喷灌设备不需反复进行补偿调整，因此具有简单方便，灵活的优点。 ( a ) random compensation. Random compensation is mainly to the electromagnetic induction of wattless power compensation, commonly used in the motor without compensation. Random compensation with open and close at the same motor compensation and disappear, can automatically without the compensation of reactive power, does not need to be repeated compensation adjustment, therefore has the advantages of simple and convenient, the advantages of flexible.（二）随器补偿。随器补偿主要是将低压容量通过低压保险接在配电变压器上，用来对配电变压器空载无功功率的补偿。此种补偿方法能够有效地平衡配电变压器的空载无功功率，从而提高变压器的利用率，有效降低电网的无功损耗，因此，随器补偿具有较高的经济性价比，是目前最常采用也最有效的无功补偿。 ( two ) with compensation. With the transformer compensation is

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mainly low capacity in distribution transformer by low-pressure insurance, for wattless power compensation of distribution transformer no-load. No-load such compensation method can effectively balance the distribution transformer without power, so as to improve the utilization ratio of transformer, effectively reduce the power grid reactive power loss, therefore, the compensation has a high economic price, is the most commonly used and most effective wattless power compensation. （三）中间同步或静止补偿。这种补偿方法主要是在无距离低压电网线路中间安装同步调相机或静止补偿装置来完成无功补偿工作。此种方法在线路输电过程中，能够稳定电压，同时对多条输电线路进行降耗补损，并具有较强的调节性能。 ( three ) the middle or static synchronous compensation. This method is mainly in no distance low-voltage power grid lines are arranged in the middle of a synchronous condenser or static compensation device to finish the reactive compensation. This method in the transmission process, stable voltage, at the same time, a plurality of transmission line energy loss, and can

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adjust the properties of strong. （四）终端分散补偿。用户终端分散补偿能够在低压电网终端进行有效的补偿，提高用户电器设备的安全性，还能提高电压利用率。 ( four ) the terminal dispersion compensation. The user terminal dispersion compensation can make effective compensation in low-voltage network terminal, increase the safety of users of electrical equipment, but also improve the voltage utilization. 此外，在低压电网中的无功补偿方法还有等网损微增率补偿法、无功经济当量补偿法、低压集中补偿法、跟踪补偿等，这些方法都能够有效的对低压电网进行无功补偿，保证电压的稳定性，提高利用率。 In addition, in low voltage wattless compensation method and equal network loss ratio compensation method, no power economic

equivalent

compensation

method,

low-voltage centralized compensation method, compensation and so on, all of these methods can effectively wattless power compensation of low voltage power network, to ensure that the voltage stability, improve the utilization rate. 五、低压电网中的无功补偿装置的选择 Five, in the low voltage network wattless power compensation device

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selection （一）静态补偿装置。静态补偿装置一般为机械式接触器投切电容器组，适用于负载变化较小的场合。 ( a ) static compensation device. Static compensation device for mechanical contactor switched capacitor group, suitable for load changes small. （二）动态补偿装置。动态补偿以晶闸管作为执行元件，通过跟踪监测负荷的无功电流或无功功率，对多级电容器组进行分组投切，适用于负载变化大，情况复杂的低压电网。 ( two ) dynamic compensation device. Dynamic compensation using thyristor as the actuator, the wattless current tracking and monitoring load or no power, packet switching on the multistage capacitor group, suitable for large variation of load, low voltage power network complex. 六、低压电网中的无功补偿装置的应用 Six, in the low voltage

network

application

of

wattless

compensation device 低压电网中的无功补偿装置能够有效的实施无功补偿，是低压电网中的无功补偿的主要手段，能够提高无功功率因数，降低损耗，稳定电压，因此，在电网中应用无功补偿装置是最为有效的选择。在实际应用中，根据不同情况安装不同的补偿装置，在选择随机补偿方法时，就要用到就地无功补偿装置，实现最方便

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的无功自动补偿。而对于需要在多条线路节点上实现自动投切要求，并减少变压器无功负载时，就要应用集中无功补偿装置。目前在农网中应用的还有静止无功发生器，这些无功装置的应用，大大提高了低压电网的性能。No reactive power compensation device in low voltage network can be implemented effectively without reactive power compensation, is the primary means of wattless power compensation in low voltage network, can improve the wattless power factor, reduce the loss, voltage stability, therefore, in the network application of wattless power compensation device is the most effective choice. In

practical

application,

installation

of

compensation device is different according to the different conditions, in the choice of random compensation method, it is necessary to use in-situ wattless compensation device, to achieve the most convenient wattless compensation. And the need for automatic switching requirements on a plurality of lines of nodes, and reduce the power transformer without load, should be used without reactive power compensation device. The present application in

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power network, and without static var generator, the application of these no power device, and greatly improves the performance of low-voltage power grid.