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Utilization of Background Knowledge In the Interpretation ot: Di scourse

来源:飒榕旅游知识分享网
Ut i I i z at i on of Bac kg r ou nd Know I ed ge I n t he I nt e r p r et at i on of D i scou r se 文/段晓静 Ab st ract:In 1anguage 1earning,the language user’s knowledge of language and a1 so of the content are needed for the interpretation of di scour se,but di scourse comprehension requi res more than knowledge of the words and grammatica1 struetures used by the writer.It a1 so requi res the 1i stener or reader to re1ate the content of the text to thei r knowledge of the wor1d,and thing s we know about the wor1d a s si st us in the interpretation of di scour se. Key Words:gackground knowledge.DiScourse coragrehension It is a lot of trouble to learn a new language.In language learning, 1.The importance of abckground information ofr the interpretation of understnading the original works is based on more than the written words. discourse Sometimes misunderstnading coma not from the words,but rfom lacking of The inadequacy of linguistic knowledge(that is,knowledge of the related background knowledge.Different people have different cultures, vocabulary,grammar and discourse features)for interpreting discourse is different customs,different social life and different education.It can help demonstrated by the following text: language learners understand and appreciate the original works to have the If the balloons popped.the sound wouldn’t be able to carry since knowledge concerning the author,western culture nad education.Therefore, everything would be too far away rfom the correct floor.A closed window in language classroom,it is necessary for the teachers to introduce related would prevent the sound from carrying,since most buildings tend to be well background knowldege to the students before interpreting discourse in detail. insulated.Since the whole operation depends on a steady lfow of electricity, In language learning,the language user’s knowledge of language a break in the middle of the wire would also cause problems.Ofcourse,the and laso of the content are needed for the interpretation of discourse.Then fellow could shout,but the human voice is not loud enough to Ca/Ty that far. how to make the best use of background knowledge in the interpretation of An additional problem is that a wire could break on the instrument.Then discourse?In this article,we look in detail at the ways in which things there could be no accompaniment to the message.It is clear that the best learners know about the world assist them in the interpretation of discourse. situation would involve less distnace.Then there would be fewer potential 确观察目的与对象,善于透过一些表面现象或干扰因素,抓住物 演,驻波产生的干涉现象非常直观,再通过计算机模拟演示驻波 理现象的本质,尤其是对一些极快或极慢的动态现象的观察,如 的形成过程,这样学生对驻波这种特殊的干涉就清楚了。 对简谐振动的观察。在讲解演示实验时,要把关键的步骤交待清 五、结语 楚,注意使讲述语言与演示操作配合起来。语言要有启发性、指 总之,演示实验是课堂教学中不可缺少的重要的教学手段。 导性,根据学生情况和授课内容来设置悬念,将学生的注意力集 在物理教学中,演示实验对于提高教学质量,提高教师的业务水平, 中在重要的观察内容上,减少学生在观察上的盲目性,积极引导 培养学生的观察能力、创新精神、理论联想实际等各方面的能力都 学生去获得感性认识。要善于引导学生分析实验现象,总结规 起着积极的促进作用。因此,在物理课堂教学中必须加强演示实验, 律,鼓励学生提出自己的见解,让学生自主的参与到演示实验中 让直观而又有效的演示实验走进我们的大学物理课堂,使之与物理 来。 教学有机的结合。 4.合理运用多媒体,优化演示实验教学。对于那些不易实物 演示的(如宏观的、微观的、极快的、极慢的物理过程),演 参考文献: 示效果受环境、时空等因素限制的,可以借助于计算机、多媒体 1.梁法库等.演示实验在大学物理教学中的积极作用.物理与工 等设备进行仿真模拟演示。通过计算机逼真的动态模拟,可以灵 程,2002,1 2(2). 活的将物理过程和现象进行放大或缩小,这样物理过程就非常生动 2习大力.在演示实验中培养学生能力.辽宁师专学报,2003, 形象地展现在学生眼前。如在讲速度时,可以用计算机动态模拟 5(1). 速度的方向。再如,讨论双缝干涉采用不同颜色的光人射干涉条 3.林维秋.浅谈物理教学中的演示实验.哈尔滨学院学报。 纹间距如何变化时,用计算机模拟演示对比效果明显。在物理课 2003,24(8). 堂教学中,实物演示与计算机仿真模拟演示两者可以互相补充, 各显其优点。如在讲到光的干涉和衍射时,对于干涉和衍射现象 作者单位:空军雷达学院基础部湖北武汉 用实物演示非常直观,但是对于光强的分布用实物就无法演示了, 第一作者简介:何艳(1979一),女,助教,硕士,研究方向为 这时可以借助于计算机模拟出来。在讲驻波时,用鱼洗盆进行表 大学物理和大学物理实验教学、引力实验与理论物理。 

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