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NWTC Weather NREL's S-Series airfoils come in thin and thick

families. The thin airfoil families lend themselves to stall regulated wind turbines where performance losses to airfoil soiling are significant. For variable-pitch and variable-speed turbines, airfoil soiling is not a major problem. Generally, a primary airfoil is grouped with root and tip airfoils. Most wind turbine blades have a circular section that attaches to the hub. This is

especially important for pitching blades. There is then a transition from the circular section to the root airfoil section, which usually occurs around the maximum

chord. Between the circular section and the root airfoil section, the transition is faired. The fairing process should avoid concavities to prevent buckling. The

primary airfoil usually occurs in its pure state around the 75% radius and the tip airfoil is usually pure around the

95% location. Various interpolation methods are used to

define airfoil shapes between the three pure airfoils. The

tip airfoil is also usually retained out to the tip of the

blade, but some allowances can be made to

accommodate special tip shapes. The root airfoil usually

has the greatest thickness ratio (maximum thickness to

chord ratio) and the thickness ratio gets smaller as one

approaches the tip. At the blade root, large airfoil

thickness is needed to accommodate blade structural

considerations and toward the tip thinner airfoils are

needed to minimize drag and blade soiling losses.

The following table lists our S-series airfoil families and their applications: NREL's S-Series Airfoil Families Rotor Diameter Category Root Primary Tip 1–3 m Thick S835 S833 S834 3–10 m Thick S823 - S822 10–20 m Thin S804 S801 S802 Thin S804 S801 S803

NWTC Portal CAE Tools Seminars MT2 Airfoils

 Airfoil Families

 AirfThin S807 S805 S806 Thin S807 S805A S806A Thin S808 S805A S806A Thick S821 S819 S820 20–30 m Thick S811 S809 S810 Thick S814 S812 S813 Thick S815 S812 S813 20–40 m - S814 S825 S826 - S815 S825 S826 - - - S829 30–50 m Thick S818 S816 S817 40–50 m Thick S818 S830 S831 Thick S818 S830 S832 Thick S818 S827 S828 Wind Turbine Airfoil List

Through a subcontract with Airfoils Inc., NREL developed dozens of new airfoils intended for use with wind turbines. A primary design requirement of the new airfoils was insensitivity to roughness. Field tests have confirmed the achievement of this goal for some of the airfoils. Airfoils were designed for the root, primary, and tip sections of the blades. Some are for stall-regulated turbines and others are for variable-speed and

variable-pitch turbines. They were also designed for a

variety of turbine sizes. The airfoils along with their design parameters and intended applications are listed in the table below. NREL's S-Series Airfoils oil List 

Airfoil Shapes 

Airfoil Data 

Airfoil Docs 

NREL Patents 

Airfoil Licensing 

OSU WT Tests

RotCl,max or DesRoAirLocaThickDiaign SmougCommefoil tion ness m. Re oth h nts S80prim13.5Not 1 ary % recommended. S80Not 2 tip recommended. S80Not 3 tip recommended. S80Not 4 root recommended. S80prim13.5Replace5 ary % 1.0E+6 1.18 1.18 d by S805A S80prim5A ary S80Replace6 tip d by S806A S806A tip S807 root S808 root RestrainS80prim21.0ed max 9 ary % 2.0E+6 1.00 lift coef., docile stall

Systems Eng Met Data

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S810 tip S811 root S81prim2 ary S813 tip S8124.020–High 4 root % 30 1.51.5max lift m E+6 1.56 1 coef. S8126.020–High 5 root % 30 1.21.4max lift m E+6 1.46 0 coef. S81prim21.030–Restrain6 ary % 50 4.01.1ed max m E+6 1.20 7 lift coef. S8116.030–Restrain7 tip % 50 3.01.0ed max m E+6 1.10 8 lift coef. S8124.030–Restrain8 root % 50 2.51.6ed max m E+6 1.68 1 lift coef. S81prim21.010–Restrain9 ary % 20 1.01.1ed max m E+6 1.20 6 lift coef. S8216.010–Restrain0 tip % 20 1.31.0ed max m E+6 1.10 6 lift coef. S8224.010–Restrain1 root % 20 8.01.3ed max m E+5 1.40 5 lift coef. S8216.0Restrain2 tip 2–16.00.9% 0 m E+5 1.00 8 ed max lift coef. S823 S824 S825 S826 S827 S828 S829 root 21.0% 17.0% 14.0% 21.0% 16.0% 16.0% 2–14.01.11.20 0 m E+5 6 Restrained max lift coef. High max lift coef. High max lift coef. Restrained max lift coef. Restrained max lift coef. Restrained max lift coef. High max lift coef., quiet High max lift coef., quiet High max lift coef., quiet High max lift coef., quiet primary 20–2.01.340 1.44 E+6 7 m 20–1.51.340 1.42 E+6 1 m 40–4.00.950 1.00 E+6 9 m 40–3.00.850 0.90 E+6 9 m 20–2.00.0 0.70 E+6 8 m 40–4.01.550 1.60 E+6 7 m 40–3.51.450 1.50 E+6 8 m tip primary tip tip S830 primary 21.0% S831 tip 18.0% S833 primary 18.0% 1–3 4.01.11.10 m E+5 3 S834 tip 15.0% 1–3 4.01.01.00 m E+5 2 S835 root 21.0% 1–3 2.51.01.20 m E+5 3 High max lift coef., quiet This page was last updated by M. Buhl on 6-July-2012.