省略句祈使句

特殊句式

省略句

在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。

一、简单句中的省略

1. 省略主语。

Haven't seen you for ages!

2．省略谓语。 Anything you want?

3. 省略宾语。

—Where is he?

—I don't know.

二、 并列句中的省略

在并列句中，如果后面的分句，与前面的分句有相同的部分，这一部分则常被省略掉，

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以免重复。

He teaches English and his brother maths.

三、复合句中的省略

1. 在含有状语从句的复合句中 ，当从句和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。

When (she was) asked, she didn't answer a word.

As (he was) a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer.

If (it is) so, you must go back and get it.

【疑难点击】

当先行词是time, reason, place等时，作状语的关系副词when, where, why等也可以省略。

The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.

3. 名词性从句中的省略

(1)宾语从句中的第一个that可省略。

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He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel.

(2)宾语从句中I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语，后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。

— Do you think it will rain?

— I hope not/so.

四、动词不定式中的省略

1．有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be ... 中的to be可以省略。

I consider him (to be) stupid.

2. 动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留to。 — Did you get a ticket?

— No, I meant to (get one), but there weren't any left.

3．动词不定式与 be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等构成固定词组时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留to。

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I don't want to wait for him, but I have to.

He doesn't like fish, but he used to.

— Why didn't you come to our party?

— I was going to, but l had a report to write.

4.动词不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, expect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。

The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab).

【注意】承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be, 则要保留be或have, 如：

—Are you a doctor? —No, but I used to be.

五、某些词法上的省略

1. 名词所有格 (1)如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。 These are John's books and those are Mary's.

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祈使句

祈使句+and+陈述句=if +…+主句

Work hard and you will succeed.=If you work hard, you will succeed.

One more minute and I will finish it.=If you give me one more minute, I will finish it.

祈使句+or+陈述句=if…not…+主句

Hurry up, or we will be late.=If we don’t hurry up, we will be late.

练习：

1. — You won't go to Mary's birthday party, will you?

— Yes, ______ I'm invited.

A. even if B. unless

C. if D. though

2. — Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?

— Yes. ______， I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.

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A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible

3. — Are you a teacher?

— No, but I ______.

A. used to B. was used to

C. used to be D. used to do

4. — Did you get a ticket?

— No, ______， but there wasn't any left.

A. I tried B. I tried to

C. I try D. I try to

5. Nowadays people are wasting too much energy, so we should lead a low－carbon life. ______， we'll suffer a lot in the future.

A. When possible

B. If any

C. If not

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D. Where necessary

6. — Don' t you agree with what he said at the meeting?

— Yes, ______！ It can't be better.

A. approximately B. incredibly

C. probably D. absolutely

7. — Aren't you be chairman?

— No, and I ______.

A. don't want to

B. don't want

C. don't want to be

D. don't want be

8. — Coffee ______ milk?

— Only milk, please, ______ I used to like coffee.

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A. and; and B. and; but

C. or; and D. or; but

9. —Are there any English story-books for us students in the library?

—There are only a few，________.

A．if any B．if there C．if some 10. —Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning.

—_______,I’ll be as early as a bird.

A．OK, I will B．I’m afraid I can C．Of course not I will

11. —What’s the matter with you?

—I didn’t pass the test, but I still_______.

A．hope so B．hope to C．hope it that

12. —Is she really ill?

D．if has

D．No, D．hope 8

—________. She’s in hospital.

A．I hope so B．I’m sure C．I don’t think so D．I’m afraid so

13. —You look happy today, Mary.

—I like my new dress and Mother_______,too.

A．likes B．does C．is 14. They got to Beijing earlier________.

A．as we did B．as we do C．than we did were

15.—Would you like to have a try once again?

—_______.

A．Yes, I like B．No, I don’t like it C．Yes, I want very much D．Yes, I’d like to

16. —Are you angry?

．do

D．than we

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D

—Yes. He should at least answer when________.

A．speaking B．spoken to C．spoken D．speaking to

17. —Mr. Zhang was badly injured in the accident.

—______, let’s go to see him.

A．If such B．If so C．If not D．If any

18. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families.

A. will often see B. often see

C. are often seeing D. have often seen

19.Stand over there，______ you’ll be able to see it better.

A. or B. while C. but D. and

20.—English has a large vocabulary，hasn’t it？

—Yes.______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

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A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Knew

21.Lose one hour in the morning，______you will be looking for it the rest of the day.

A. but B. and C. or D. so

22.Start out right away，______you will miss the first train.

A. and B. but C. or D. while

23.______，and I’ll get the work finished.

A. Have one more hour B. One more hour

C. Given one more hour D. If l have one more hour

24.Mary，______ here—everybody else，stay where you are.

A. come B. comes C.to come D. coming

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