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SAE J1965 Revised APR20033.3.1Test Methods for Nut Body and Ball Seat NutsProof Load/Compression Test Procedures—Use only fully processed nuts/nut assemblies, which areproduction parts intended for the vehicle. For inner dual ball seat nuts, and test method recommended can beseen in Figure 1. For two-piece nuts, the initial height of the nut (H) must be measured before beginning theproof load/compression test. The nut shall be loaded on a threaded fixture or bolt as shown in Figure 2. Forouter ball seat nuts and rim clamp nuts, the recommended test method can be seen in Figure 3. The completenut/nut assembly shall be loaded axially through the thread three times to a load of 0.6 x proof load value (F).After three loadings, a fourth loading of 1.0 x F shall be applied.FIGURE 1—INNER DUAL BALL SEAT NUT PROOF LOAD TEST ARRANGEMENTFIGURE 2—TWO-PIECE FLANGE NUT PROOF LOAD/COMPRESSON TEST ARRANGEMENT-2-
SAE J1965 Revised APR2003FIGURE 3—OUTER BALL SEAT NUT PROOF LOAD TEST ARRANGEMENTThe load shall be maintained for 15 s. The nut shall resist the load without failure by stripping or rupture andshall be removable by hand after the load is released. If the threads on the bolt or test fixture are damagedduring the test, the test should be discarded. (It may be necessary to use a manual wrench to start the nut inmotion. Such wrenching is permissible provided that it is restricted to one-half turn and that the nut is thenremovable by hand.) The test fixture or bolt used shall be threaded to a tolerance class that is representativeof the parts to be used in production.-3-
SAE J1965 Revised APR20033.2Proof Load Values—See Table 1.TABLE 1—PROOF LOAD VALUESF (kN)Inner Dual Ball Seat Nuts3/4-16 Class 10.9 (Grade 8) mechanical properties3/4-16 Class 8.8 (Grade 5) mechanical properties15/16-12One-Piece Flange Nuts9/16-185/8-1811/16-16Two-Piece Flange Nuts9/16-185/8-187/8-14M14x1.5M18x1.5M20x1.5M22x1.5Single or Outer Ball Seat Nuts3/4-161 1/8-1615/16-121 5/16-12Rim Clamp Nut3/4-10197.544 400164.6222.4278.9378.137 00050 00062 70085 000108.5136.6271.3103.2179.3225.1276.224 40030 70061 00023 20040 30050 60062 10098.3124.1149.022 10027 90033 500249.1164.6278.956 00037 00062 700F (lb)3.3Failure Criteria and Surface Discontinuitiesa.The criteria for rejection due to cracks or other surface discontinuities is shown in Section 5.b.For two-piece flange nuts, the permanent deformation in nut height (H) after unloading must notexceed 0.13 mm (0.005 in).4.4.1Nut Assembly Test Methods (Two-Piece Flange Nut Only)Torque/Tension—Clamping Force—The purpose of this test is to assure the ability of the nut assembly toprovide proper clamping force. The coefficient of friction should be representative of the production parts. Twotest methods are acceptable: static torque using a load cell and torque wrench, and dynamic torque using loadcell and torque transducer.SELECTION—Use only fully processed nut assemblies and studs which are representative of production partsintended for the vehicle. New nuts and studs should be used for each test.4.1.1-4-
SAE J1965 Revised APR20034.1.2TEST PROCEDURE—STATIC TORQUE—The nut shall be tested on a load cell of sufficient capacity for the size ofnut to be tested. A torque wrench of sufficient capacity shall be used for tightening the nut. The followingshall be recorded:a.b.c.d.Tightening torque, InitialStud tension, InitialTightening torque, FinalStud tension, FinalTABLE 2—TEST TORQUES AND TENSIONSAInitialTorqueThreadM14x1.5M18x1.5M20x1.5M22x1.59/16-185/8-187/8-14(N·m)149249339502169176475AInitialTorque(ft-lb)110184250370125130350BInitialTension(Min)(kN)44.580.1100.1133.452.554.389.0BInitialTension(Min)(lb)10 00018 00022 50030 00011 80012 20020 000CFinalTorque(N·m)190430610678190244678CFinalTorque(ft-lb)140317450500140180500DFinalTension(Max)(kN)103.2179.3225.1276.2108.5136.5271.3DFinalTension(Max)(lb)23 20040 30050 60062 10024 40030 70061 000The torque is applied to the nut with a torque wrench using a smooth, steady pull as each torque level (initialand final) is approached and attained. Test studs may be lubricated with a SAE 10W30 oil. Nuts shall betested as supplied with no additional lubricant added. All other surfaces are to be kept dry.The test method is to tighten to the initial value shown in Table 2 and record the bolt tension attained, thenresume tightening to the final torque value as shown in Table 2 and record the bolt tension attained at thislevel.4.1.3TEST PROCEDURE DYNAMIC TORQUE—The nut shall be tested on a bolt test machine capable of displaying allnecessary data. The following are to be recorded:a.b.c.d.e.f.Tightening torque, InitialStud tension, InitialHead friction torque/thread friction torque (optional)Tightening torque, FinalStud Tension, FinalHead friction torque/thread friction torque (optional)The force is to be applied to the nut continuously from start through final torque using a rotational speed ofapproximately 10 rpm. Test studs must be representative of those used in production. To reduce variation,the test studs may be lubricated with a SAE 10W30 oil. Nuts shall be tested as supplied with no additional oiladded.The test method is to tighten the nut continuously from initial seating through final torque then retrieve dataon tension at the torque levels in Table 2.-5-
SAE J1965 Revised APR20034.1.4FAILURE DEFINITION—Rejection is defined as any of the following conditions:Inability to reach minimum tension value (B) at initial torque (A).Exceeding maximum tension value (D) at final torque (C). Stripping of the nut thread.Inability to withstand final torque (C).A new visible crack penetrating through a section. Commercially available crack detection devices andtechniques can also be used to supplement visual inspection.NOTE 1—If the threads of the test bolt are damaged during the test, the test shall be discarded.NOTE 2—Nut must be evaluated for cracks prior to tests as well as after.4.2Torque/Tension—Retorque (Two-Piece Flange Nut Only)—The purpose of this test is to assure the repeat-ability of the torque-tension relationship.SELECTION—Use only full processed nut assemblies and studs which are representative of production partsintended for the vehicle. New nuts and studs shall be used for each series of five (5) test.TEST PROCEDURE—STATIC TORQUE—The nut shall be retightened to both initial torque (A) and the finaltorque (C) shown in Table 2 five times according the procedure in 4.1.2. The nut shall be loosened to zerotension before each of the five retorques. Nuts shall not be relubricated during each series of five tests.TEST PROCEDURE—DYNAMIC TORQUE—The nut shall be tightened to the final torque (C) shown in Table 2 fivetimes on the test machine. The nut shall be loosened to zero tension within 5 s after attaining final torque oneach section of the test, and a 60-s cool down period shall be used between each section of the test. The60-s shall start after the nut is loosened to zero stud tension. Nuts shall not be relubricated during eachseries of five tests. Procedure is otherwise the same as 4.1.3.FAILURE DEFINITION—All the failure conditions given in 4.1.4 apply and in addition, a drop of 20% in tensionbetween the 1st and the 5th torque will also constitute a failure.Surface Discontinuities on Inner and Outer Cap Nutsa.Surface discontinuities must not exceed the limits specified in SAE J122a.b.On single or outer ball seat nuts, forging cracks on the ball seat radius or counterbore must not exceed3 mm (0.115 in) in length and 0.75 mm (0.030 in) in depth. Protusions are not permitted on the ballseat radius.a.b.c.d.e.4.2.14.2.24.2.34.2.45.PREPARED BY THE SAE TRUCK AND BUS WHEEL SUBCOMMITTEEOF THE SAE TRUCK AND BUS CHASSIS COMMITTEE-6-
SAE J1965 Revised APR2003Rationale—The main objective of this SAE Recommended Practice is to specify the recommended testmethods for wheel and demountable rim attachment nuts.1.This SAE Recommended Practice is written to test the wheel attachment system which includesboth externally and internally threaded fasteners. Therefore, the proof load values are calculatednumbers for the externally threaded member, or based on actual industry test data.2.Metric values for proof load have been included in this document. In most other countries, thecommon units for proof load are newtons (N).3.In Table 2, Test Torques and Tensions, the initial torque value A was chosen as a value just under theminimum recommended torque by SAE J267. The initial tension value B is the estimated minimumtension required to provide proper nut performance. The final tension values D are maximum valuesset up so as not to exceed the proof load of the externally threaded fastener.4.This SAE Recommended Practice has been updated to include Static and Dynamic Torquing tofacilitate different kinds of equipment.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard—Not applicable.Application—This SAE Recommended Practice applies to nuts as specified in SAE J694 and J1835 used forwheel and demountable rim attachment.Only the test methods necessary to assure proper wheel or rim assembly are specified. Fasteners forless common and special applications are not included.Reference SectionSAE J122—Surface Discontinuities on Nuts (Ref. ISO 6157/2)SAE J267—Wheels/Rims—Trucks—Test Procedures and Performance Requirements (Ref. ISO 3894)SAE J694—Disc Wheel/Hub or Drum Interface Dimensions—Commercial Vehicles (Ref. ISO 4107)SAE J1835—Fastener Hardware for Wheels for Demountable RimsSAE J393—Nomenclature—Wheels, Hubs, and Rims for Commercial Vehicles (Ref. ISO 3911)SAE J1992—Wheels/Rims—Military Vehicles—Test Procedures and Performance RequirementsDeveloped by the SAE Truck and Bus Wheel SubcommitteeSponsored by the SAE Truck and Bus Chassis Committee
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