高三英语阅读理解说明文专项突破

高三英语阅读理解说明文专项突破

现象解释型1

Professional courses，such as Masters in International Business or MIB，have been taken by many students in the last two decades．They are choosing new-age non-conventional courses that guarantee a better future．MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business．There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course．

The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration．It has been designed with the sole objective of developing professionals with an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the international trade．The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course．

The massive increase in the international business and foreign trade gives excellent job prospects（前景） to the new generation．Acquiring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities．Those who want to pursue in the field of marketing also have a good future after completing the degree from a reputed MIB college．Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of International Marketing Manage，and people with MIB degrees are preferred．The profile needs an in-depth understanding of the overseas markets，because it is the strategic post from the perspective of company's international business growth．

Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the curriculum of MIB，students have great job offers in the field of finance as well．Typically，organizations offer the profile of international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance．The specialization covers aspects of international taxes，accounts，budgeting and so on．People in this field are well-paid，and growth prospects are unlimited．After completing degree course from a reputed MIB college，there is a good scope in the banking and finance sector as well．International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp over the international banking policies，currency exchange，and international policies．Thus，MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational sectors．

1．The second paragraph is mainly developed by ．

A．analyzing causes B．listing figures

C．making comparisons D．proving definition

2．More and more people intend to acquire a degree of MIB because ．

A．it is a compulsory course in the colleges

B．it offers them conventional economic knowledge

C．it offers them opportunities to do small businesses

D．it helps them get good jobs in some organizations

3．What can we learn from the last paragraph？

A．The international finance controller is a high-quality job．

B．People get higher salary in business field than in finance field．

C．MIB holders are more promising in all careers than others．

D．International banks only accept employees from MIB colleges．

4．What's the writer's purpose of writing this article？

A．To make an advertisement for the MIB course．

B．To analyze the disadvantages of the MIB course．

C．To explain why the MIB course is getting popular．

D．To predict the development trend of the MIB course．

现象解释型2

El Niño, a Spanish term for \"the Christ child\fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two

to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.

The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997-98 helped America's economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than than the fall in poor ones.

But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.

The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.

Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr. Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño's harmful effects — and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.

5. What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1?

A: It is named after a South American fisherman.

B: It takes place almost every year all over the world.

C: It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.

D: It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.

6. What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?

A: Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.

B: Droughts become more harmful than floods.

C: Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.

D: Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.

7. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .

A: more investment should go to risk reduction

B: governments of poor countries need more aid

C: victims of El Niño deserve more compensation

D: recovery and reconstruction should come first

8. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A: To introduce El Niño and its origin.

B: To explain the consequences of El Niño.

C: To show ways of fighting against El Niño.

D: To urge people to prepare for El Niño.

描述型1

Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.

\"This is an animal study,but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important一not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,\"says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada.\"In humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the point of preventing them.\"

Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two

equal groups,and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box,they froze with fear.

Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a different room.

The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldn't remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.

“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when

we're young,at least for rats,has influence on brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're older,\"says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston,who has found that,in humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.

9. The study shows that______.

A. physical activity is important for physical health

B. using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats' growth

C. physical activity can prevent human's Alzheimer's symptoms

D. the more exercise a rat has when young,the better memory it will possess when older

10. How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?

A. By analyzing causes. B. By giving an example.

C. By describing the process. D. By showing differences.

11. What does the underlined word \"it\" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Exercise. B. Development. C. Benefit. D. Study.

12. What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?

A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Critical. D. Doubtful.

描述型2

Pollution is reducing the fragrance of plants and thus preventing bees from pollinating(授粉) them—endangering one of the most essential cycles of nature, a new study suggests.

The potentially hugely significant research, funded by US National Science Foundation, has found that gases mainly formed from the emissions of car exhaust prevent flowers from attracting bees and other insects to pollinate them. And the scientists who have conducted the study fear that insects’ abilities to drive away enemies and attract mates may also be disturbed.

Professor Jose Fuentes, who led the study, said, “Scent molecules(分子) produced by flowers in a less polluted environment could travel for roughly 1,000 to 1,200 meters. But today they may travel only 200 to 300 meters. This makes it increasingly difficult for bees and other insects to locate the flowers.”

The researchers, who worked on the molecules of snapdragons(金鱼草),found that the molecules are volatile(易挥发的) and quickly bond with pollutants, mainly formed from vehicle emissions. This chemically changes the molecules so that they no longer smell like flowers. A harmful cycle is therefore set up where insects

struggle to get enough food and the plants do not get pollinated enough to multiply.

Already bees, which pollinate most of the world’s crops, re in such a great decline that has never been known before in Britain and across much of the globe. At least a quarter of America’s 2.5 million honey bee colonies have been mysteriously wiped out by llapse disorder(CCD),where hives are found suddenly deserted.

The crists has now spread to Europe. Politicians insist that CCD has not yet been found in Britain, but considering the present number of bees, the agriculture minister Lord Rooker has sent the warning, “The honey bee population could be wiped out in 10 years.”

Although the researchers are not certain whether this is the real cause of CCD, they say that pollution is making life more difficult for bees and other insects in many ways.

13. In what way does pollution prevent flowers from attracting bees?

A. By shortening the distance traveled by the scent molecules of flowers.

B. By disturbing the bees’ ability to attract mates.

C. By weakening the bees’ ability to fight against enemies.

D. By stopping flowers from giving off fragrance.

14.. What harm does the decreasing number of bees do to human beings?

A. It will cause humans not to get enough honey.

B. It will reduce the food supplies for the world.

C. Humans will have to depend on other insects to pollinate plants.

D. Humans will find it hard to deal with the deserted bee hives.

15. From the passage we can know that .

A. Europe is affected greatly by CCD

B.CCD has destroyed most of the honey bee colonies in Europe

C. no honey bees will be found all over the world in the near future

D. European officials have paid much attention to CCD

16. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Traffic Pollution Puts Bees in Danger B. Traffic Pollution is to Blame for CCD

C. Pollution Makes Flowers Lose Their Scent D. Pollution Causes the Decrease in Flowers

描述型3

Music for Humans and Humpback Whales

As researchers conclude in Science，the love of music is not only a universal feature of the human species，but is also deeply fixed in complex structures of the human brain，and is far more ancient than previously suspected．

In the articles that discuss the field of bio-musicology，the study of the biological basis for the creation and appreciation of music，researchers present various

evidence

to，show

that

music-making

is

at

once

an

original human\"business\"，and an art form with skillful performers throughout the animal kingdom．

The new reports stress that humans hold no copyright on sound wisdom，and that a number of nonhuman animals produce what can rightly be called music，rather than random sound．Recent in-depth analyses of the songs sung by humpback whales show that，even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise，the animals converge on the same choices relating to sounds and beauty，and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians，and human ears，everywhere．

For example，male humpback whales，who spend six months of each year doing little else but singing，use rhythms （节奏） similar to those found in human music and musical phrases of similar length-a few seconds．Whales are able to make sounds over a range of at least seven octaves （八度音阶），yet they tend to move on through a song in beautiful musical intervals，rather than moving forwards madly．They mix the sounds like drums and pure tones in a ratio （比例） which agrees with that heard in much western music．They also use a favorite technique of human singers，the so-called A-B-A form，in which a theme is stated，then developed，and then returned to in slightly revised form．

Perhaps most impressive，humpback songs contain tunes that rhyme．\"This suggests that whales use rhyme in the same way we do：as a technique in poem to help them remember complex material，\"the researchers write．

17．The underlined words\"converge on\"in Paragraph 3probably means ．

A．tend towards

B．refer to

C．turn into

D．put forward

18．Which of the following shows the advanced musical ability in humpback

whales？

A．They can remember complex material．

B．They can create pleasing patterns of music．

C．They can make sounds like drums continuously．

D．They can sing along with rhythms of western music．

19．What is the main idea of the article？

A．Animals are able to compose and enjoy music like humans．

B．Human beings borrow ideas in music from humpback whales．

C．Humpback whales are skillful performers in the animal kingdom．

D．Music-making it an ancient activity of both humans and animals．

20．The main purpose of the passage is to ．

A．argue and discuss

B．inform and explain

C．compare and advertise

D．examine and assess．

问题解决型1

In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses，and carts got stuck．An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street．Asked if he needs help，he replies，\"No，thanks．I've got a good horse under me．\"

The city planner decided to build an underground drainage （排水） system，but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level．The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city．

An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt．This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12feet．

This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago．Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements，and the second stories into main floors，or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level．Small wood-frame

buildings could be lifted fairly easily．But what about large，heavy structures like Tremont Hotel，which was a six-story brick building？

That's where George Pullman came in．He had developed some house-moving skills successfully．To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel，Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews （螺旋千斤顶） beneath the building's foundation．One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10jackscrews．At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly．Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening．Some people like to say that every problem has a solution．But in Chicago's early history，every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem．Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city's next step was to clean the polluted river．

21．The author mentions the joke to show ．

A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago

B．Chicago's streets were extremely muddy

C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring

D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous

22．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to ．

A．get rid of the street dirt B．lower the Chicago River

C．fight against heavy floods D．build the pipes above ground

23．The underlined word\"hoist\"in Paragraph 4means\" \"．

A．change B．lift C．repair D．decorate

24．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel？

A．It went on smoothly as intended．

B．It interrupted the business of the hotel．

C．It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews．

D．It separated the building from its foundation．

25．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ．

A．popular life styles and their influences

B．environmental disasters and their causes

C．engineering problems and their solutions

D．successful businessmen and their achievements．

问题解决型2

California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.

In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.

Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don\\'t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.

So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.

Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.

Rideout's team thinks that the California condors\\' average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”

26. California condors attract researchers' interest because they .

A. are active at night B. had to be bred in the wild

C. are found on in California D. almost died out in the 1980s

27. Researchers have found electrical lines are .

A. blocking condors' journey home B. big killers of Califorbnia condoras

C. rest places for condors at night D. used to keep condors away

28. According to Paraghaph 5 ,lead poisoning .

A. makes condors too nervous to fly B. has little effect on condors' kidneys

C. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors' blood

D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds

29. The passage shows that .

A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory

B. Rideout's research interest lies in electric engineering

C. the efforts to protect condors bave brought good results

D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem