国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷138(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷138 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文： If you work in the business world, E-mail is undoubtedly a big part of your life. Yet few of us who rely on E-mail as a mode of communication even took a course in its proper use. Below are some tips for you to improve your digital messages and ensure that your electronic correspondence fosters good relations rather than hard feelings. 1. In an E-mail message, never say anything about someone else that you would not want that person to see. Keep in mind that E-mail message can be forwarded to anybody by the recipient. Therefore, never say anything in an E-mail that you would be embarrassed to have read back to you. 2. Get the most out of your subject line. Remember that aside from your name, the subject line of your E-mail message is the first thing that a recipient will read. So it pays to take some time to think about your subject line. 3. Do use commonly accepted standards of manners in all E-mail messages that you send. Avoid using all capital letters in your messages, which may well give one the impression that you are screaming. In addition, be careful about any use of sarcasm or humor in your E-mail messages. In writing, both sarcasm and humor can easily be misinterpreted. 4. Before sending an E-mail message, consider whether E-mail is the most effective form of communication for your purpose. In business settings E-mail is best used to convey key information, to confirm appointments, to document decisions, or to contact a decision-maker directly. Avoid using an E-mail message to begin a conversation that likely will require input from several people at the same time unless the decision-making process should be documented. At last, remember the value of face-to-face conversation.

1．

正确答案：communication

2．

正确答案：appointments

3．

正确答案：subject

4．

正确答案：capital

5．

正确答案：humor

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文： A news report says the growing population around the world is harming the environment. More people are using more of the earth’s natural resources than ever before. Experts say poor people around the world will suffer most in the future unless environmental damage is stopped. They say more should be done to balance human and environmental needs. The United Nations Population Fund is responsible for studying population growth. It released the report about the subject. It examines the links among environmental conditions, population growth and efforts to help poor people in developing countries. The world population is now more than 6 billion people. That number has increased by 100% since 1960. The population is expected to increase to more than 9 billion by the year 2050. The report says about 2 billion people lack food security. Water supplies and agricultural lands are heavily used. In 50 years, experts say more than 4 billion people will be living in countries that can not meet people’s daily needs. The report says all of the expected growth in world population will take place in developing countries. The 49 least developed countries are expected to increase by almost 200% in 50 years. Yet, the UN agency says people in the richest countries use much more of the world’s resources than people in developing countries. It says a child born today in the United States, France or Japan will do more harm to the environment during his lifetime than as many as 50 children born in developing countries. The UN Population Fund says international policies need to be put into effect to improve poor conditions, increase social development and ease pressure on the environment. It also says women need more control over their lives. It says empowering women would lead to smaller families and slower population growth. The lin Population Fund says these measures would help improve the well being of growing populations while protecting the natural

world.

6． What is the main task of the United Nations Population Fund?

正确答案：Studying population growth.

7． How many people are there in the world today?

正确答案：More than 6 billion.

8． What’s the percentage of the population growth of the 49 least developed countries in 50 years?

正确答案：200%.

9． Who will do more harm to the environment, the developing countries or the developed countries?

正确答案：The developed countries.

10． Who should be given more power in older to have slower population growth?

正确答案：Women.

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文：M: Doctor, I just don’t know what’s wrong with me. I always feel tired and rundown. My wife finally persuaded me to visit you to find out what the trouble is.W: Looking at your case history I see that you had pneumonia four years ago and that you also had a minor operation last year. Did you have any long after effects?M: Well. I don’t remember so...W: For instance, how long did you stay at home each time?M: Just a couple of days. But about six months ago I was at home for about two weeks with a cold or something.W: Did you see a doctor at that time or did you just stay at home?M: No, I didn’t see a doctor. The symptoms were about the same as this time. When I began to feel better, I returned to work.W: And when did you start feeling so tired again?M: It must have been about ten days ago. When I came home from work one night there just didn’t seem to be any reason to go back the next day.W: Well, it sounds as if your problem may be the kind of work you do. The tests I just made really don’t show anything wrong. But I would like to make some further tests in the hospital.M: That’s fine with me.W: All right, you can check

in tonight, and I’ll make the test tomorrow morning.

11． How does the man feel? A．Sick. B．Dizzy.

C．Exhausted and weak. D．Painful.

正确答案：C

12． What happened to the man four years ago? A．He had a minor operation. B．He had pneumonia. C．He had a car accident. D．He had long aftereffects.

正确答案：B

13． What seems to be the problem with the man? A．He overworks. B．He has a cold.

C．He does not stay at home often enough. D．The work he does.

正确答案：D

听力原文： Good morning, everyone. Today I’ll talk about the Internet. The Internet is a computer-based worldwide information network. The Internet is composed of a large number of smaller interconnected networks called internets. These internets may connect hundreds or thousands of computers, enabling them to share information with each other and to share various resources, such as powerful super computers and databases of information. The Internet has made it possible for people over the world to effectively and inexpensively communicate with each other. Unlike traditional broadcasting media, such as radio and television, the Internet is a decentralized system. Each connected individual can communicate with anyone else on the Internet, can publish ideas, and can sell products with a minimum overhead cost. In the future, the Internet may have a dramatic impact on higher education and business as more universities offer courses and more companies offer goods and services on-line. The internets from which the Internet is composed are usually public access networks, meaning that the resources of the network can be shared with anyone logging onto, or accessing the network. Other types of internets, called intranets, are closed to public use. Intranets are the most common type of computer network used in companies and organizations where it is important to restrict access to the information contained on the network. During the 1990s, the Internet has grown tremendously in the number of people using it and the amount of information

contained on it. According to the Internet Society, a non-profit society that studies and promotes the use of the Internet, 134 countries had full Internet connection and an additional 52 countries had limited access( for example, E-mail only)in 1996. Some surveys found that as of September 1997 there were between 53 and 57 million users of the Internet worldwide.

14． Which of the following is true about the Internet according to the talk? A．The Internet is different from television in which it’s more convenient. B．The Internet may greatly affect the ways of college education and business. C．The Internet is the cheapest way of communication with other people. D．The Internet is composed of many computers.

正确答案：B

15． What is the most common type of computer network used in companies? A．The databases of information. B．The public access networks. C．The super computer networks. D．Intranets.

正确答案：D

16． According to the talk, the Internet has grown in ______. A．the amount of information available on it B．the number of Internet societies C．the profit it makes

D．the number of networks

正确答案：A

听力原文：M: Hi, mum!W: Ah, there you are, I was getting worried about you. It’s late.M: Yes. I bumped into Lyn and went to the pub for a drink. She was telling me about a funny thing that had happened to her yesterday.W: Oh, what was that?M: Well, she was driving home from work when suddenly she saw an old lady on her hands and knees in the middle of the road.W: Oh, her hands and knees in the middle of the road?M: Yes, in front of her car. She was so shocked that she stopped without warning, and the car behind crashed into hers.W: Oh! Was she hurt?M: No, she wasn’t, fortunately.W: And what was the old lady doing on her hands and knees?M: I’m just coming to that -- so Lyn got out of her car. Then the old lady picked up something, and walked away without saying a word.W: Well. I never! She was lucky, Lyn didn’t run her over.M: Well, yes. Then a policeman came but he didn’t believe the story.W: Oh?M: Luckily there was a witness, a man waiting for the bus. He saw it all. Guess what the old lady was doing?W: I haven’t the faintest idea.M: She was looking for a false tooth.W: A false tooth?M: Yes, it fell out as she was crossing the road. The

witness heard her mumbling, “Oh, my gold tooth.”W: I don’t believe it.M: It’s true. Ask Lyn.

17． Why was the old lady on her hands and knees in the middle of the road? A．She was run over by a car.

B．She was shocked to see a car crashing into another. C．She fell when crossing the road. D．She was looking for her false tooth.

正确答案：D

18． The mother said, “I haven’t the faintest idea.” What does that mean? A．I don’t know what to do. B．I haven’t found any idea. C．I have no plan. D．I don’t know at all.

正确答案：D

19． What can we learn about the old lady? A．She couldn’t see clearly. B．She couldn’t walk. C．She couldn’t hear. D．She couldn’t speak.

正确答案：A

20． What would have happened to Lyn if there hadn’t been a witness? A．She would have been caught. B．She would have been fined. C．She would have been let go. D．She would have been run over.

正确答案：B

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Although 【21】______ circuits made computers smaller, the processing units still consisted 【22】______ a number of circuits on separate chips. In 1971, an engineer working for Intel realized that a 【23】______ of circuits commissioned for an electronic calculator could all be put 【24】______ one chip, and that the resulting device could be used 【25】______ a general-purpose “computer on a chip”. The result was the Intel 4004 -- the world’s

first microprocessor. Physically, it consisted of a silicon chip in a protective ceramic capsule, with a set of metal pins sticking 【26】______ that connected it to other components in whatever 【27】______ it controlled. It 【28】______ 2,300 transistors, 【29】______ 60,000 operations per second, and could be used for any device -- including computers and robots -- that required a “brain” for accepting 【30】______ and following a program of 【31】______ to produce an output. Within five years, many very powerful microprocessors had 【32】______ .The invention of microprocessors 【33】______ the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer (PC)-- an affordable machine for 【34】______ The first PCs, in kit form, appeared in the mid 1970s, and by the mid-1980s machines such as the Apple Macintosh and those based 【35】______ a PC first 【36】______ by IBM in 1981 were popular throughout the world. The success of these machines led to an explosion of software, in 【37】______ a range of spreadsheet, word-processing, graphic, educational, and games programs. Since the 1980s, a number of strong-intertwined themes have 【38】______ the computer revolution forward, including a continuing increase in the processing power and decrease in the size and cost of PCs; a switch of emphasis from 【39】______ to linked machines, as evidenced by the growth of local area networks and the Internet; and the spread of computer applications into virtually every 【40】______ of home and business life.

21． 【21】 A．integral

B．comprehensive C．integrated D．general

正确答案：C

解析：integral意为“整体的，完整的”；comprehensive意为“广泛的”； integrated意为“各部分配合好的，完整的”；general意为“综合的，概括的”。根据上下文可知，文章是想表达“集成电路”这一含义，integrated circuits是常用的表达方法。故正确答案为C。

22． 【22】 A．of B．in C．on D．/

正确答案：A

解析：consist是不及物动词，后面必须加介词，先排除D。consist有两种用法，和in连用意为“在于”，和of连用意为“由……组成”。根据上下文含义：“……由不同芯片上的一些电路组成”，可知A为正确答案。

23． 【23】 A．suit B．number C．lot D．set

正确答案：D

解析：suit和set都可表示“套”的含义，但suit表示一套衣服，set表示一套餐具、工具。a number of和a lot of都表示“许多，大量”。根据上下文含义：“……意识到电子计算机所需的一套电路可以放到一个芯片上”，可知原文想表达这些“电路”相互关联且组成一个整体，因此D符合题意。

24． 【24】 A．in B．onto C．as D．at

正确答案：B 解析：此处意为：“……可以放到一个芯片上”，考虑到下文中的computer on a chip，介词onto为正确搭配。B为正确答案。

25． 【25】 A．for B．as C．on D．to

正确答案：B

解析：for意为“为了……”；as意为“作为……”；on意为“在……上”；to意为“到……去”。use和to一般不连用，除非use接不定式，即use sth．to do sth、根据上下文含义：“装置可用作共有一个芯片的计算机”，可知B项为正确答案。

26． 【26】 A．in B．to C．out D．on

正确答案：C 解析：stick in不能单独使用，只能说stick in sth.，意为“穿入、插入某物中”；stick to 意为“坚持……”；stick out意为“支出，伸出”；没有stick on这种搭配。因此C为正确答案。

27． 【27】 A．device B．appliance C．apparatus D．tool

正确答案：A

解析：四项都有“器具”含义，但侧重点不同。device指“具有某种用途的装置”；appliance指“有某种特定用途的用具”，如“家用电器”就是 electrical appliances；apparatus指“科学实验中用的精密仪器”，或“体操器械”；tool是最宽泛的“工具”，往往含有一种“较原始”的意味，且与人密切相关。根据上下文含义：“微处理器控制的装置”，A为正确答案。

28． 【28】 A．consisted B．contained C．covered D．made of

正确答案：B

解析：consist意为“组成”；contain意为“包含”；cover意为“涵盖，覆盖”；makes of是误用，应为sth．is made of sth.，表示“……由……制成”。根据上下文含义：“微处理器由2 300个晶体管组成”。因此正确答案为B。

29． 【29】 A．executed B．carried C．took D．put

正确答案：A

解析：execute意为“执行”；carry意为“搬运”，只有和out连用才能表示“实行，执行”之义；take意为“带去”；put意为“放”，与下文“操作”不相搭配。只有A在意义上可以说通，即：“每秒执行60 000次操作”。

30． 【30】 A．output B．input C．inlet D．outlet

正确答案：B

解析：output意为“输出”；input意为“输入”；inlet意为“入口”；outlet

意为“出口”。下文中的．．．to produce an output与此对应，所以此处应填 accepting input，即“接收输入的信息”。B为正确答案。

31． 【31】 A．suggestion B．suggestions C．instruction D．instructions

正确答案：D

解析：suggestion意为“建议”，instruction意为“指令，指导”，两个词都是可数名词，上文中没有冠词，故应用复数形式。在计算机术语中，常说“根据指令”，而不说“根据建议”。故正确答案为D。

32． 【32】 A．happened B．occurred C．appeared D．shown

正确答案：C

解析：happen和occure都指事件的“发生”；appear意为“出现”；show之后不加宾语时，意为“看得见，可察觉出”。此处与“微处理器”搭配，并非一个事件，故排除A、B。D与上下文要求不符。因此C为正确答案。

33． 【33】 A．put B．set C．take D．bring

正确答案：B

解析：set the stage for．意为“为……做好准备”，是固定搭配。

34． 【34】 A．the masses B．the rich C．the poor

D．the grass root

正确答案：A

解析：the masses意为“大众”。根据上下文，此处是想表达“大众能承受得起的机器”，而并非面对特定人群，如“穷人”或“富人”。因此选A。D项的单复数表示错误，只有the grass roots才表示“大众”。

35． 【35】 A．in B．on C．of D．to

正确答案：B 解析：base．．．on．．．意为“以……为基础”。其他介词均无法与base搭配。

36． 【36】 A．brought out B．brought up C．brought in D．brought down

正确答案：A

解析：brought out意为“生产， 出版”，brought up意为“抚育”，brought in意为“获得”，brought down意为“使下降”。根据上下文可知，此处讲的是 IBM生产的PC机。因此A为正确答案。

37． 【37】 A．part

B．particular C．especially D．special

正确答案：B

解析：in与part搭配，意为“部分地”；in与particular搭配，意为“尤其”，与C含义相同，但in不能和C、D搭配。下文进一步强调上丈提到的．“软件爆炸”的具体各个层面，用in particular连接符合逻辑意义。故选B。

38． 【38】 A．drive B．drove C．driven D．drived

正确答案：C

解析：drive的过去分词形式是driven，过去式是drove，属不规则动词。

39． 【39】 A．isolated B．integral

C．connected D．related

正确答案：A

解析：isolated意为“隔绝的”；integral意为“整体的，完整的”；connected意为“相连的”；related意为“相关的”。from ______ to linked machines中的 linked表示“相连”，与之对应的应是“隔绝的”。故选A。

40． 【40】 A．level B．surface C．aspects D．aspect

正确答案：D

解析：根据上下文可知，此处应指“家庭和商业的每一方面”。C为复数，首先排除。level意为“水平”；surface意为“表面”；aspect意为“方面”。故选D。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

The period of adolescence, i.e. , the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the 19th century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society. In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective

and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age ‘alter majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.

41． The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ______.

A．the definition of maturity has changed

B．the industrialized society is more developed

C．more education is provided and laws against child labor are made

D．ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance

正确答案：C

解析：第一段第二句中指出：在工业社会中，受教育期延长并制订了反对童工的法律，因而青春期大大延长并可能包括一生中从10岁到20岁的大部分时间。可见，选项C为最佳答案。

42． Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to A．graduations from schools and colleges B．social recognition C．socio-economic status D．certain behavioral changes

正确答案：A

解析：第一段第二、三句指出，过去标志青春期的社会仪式已经被一系列进程所代替，这些进程得到社会的广泛承认并表明了青年人的社会地位。从小学到中学，从中学到大学构成了这一系列进程。可见，选项A为正确答案。

43． No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is A．eleven years old B．sixteen years old

C．twenty-one years old

D．between twelve and twenty-one years old

正确答案：C

解析：第二段中At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult．从正面说明了本题的正确选择应为C项。

44． Starting from 22 ______.

A．one will obtain more basic rights

B．the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have C．one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21 D．one will enjoy more rights granted by society

正确答案：C

解析：根据上题可知，21岁时人们已拥有全部合法权利，因此22岁不再拥有更多权利。因此，C项正确。

45． According to the passage, it is TRUE that ______.

A．in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed

B．no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one

C．one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license D．one is not free form the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army

正确答案：A

解析：文章第一段最后一句中的frontier原意为“边境，边缘”，在本句中则指“青春期与成年期之间的分界线”，故应选A。

It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity of delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc. A- study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible sizes and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when

it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shapes, art works, and net weights that are used for improving a product’s market position. When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5, from 1 dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high. When an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can’t be used any more but stuffing the garbage can.

46． What started the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus?

A．Consumers’ complaints about the changes in the package size. B．Expensive packaging for poor quality products. C．A senator’s discovery of the tricks in packaging. D．The rise in the unit price for many products.

正确答案：C

解析：题干实际就是文章首句的前半部分，答案的依据就在后半部分 (because…)。后半部分表明他们买的食品的包装盒变高了、变窄了，食品的分量也减少了，但是价格并没有降低，这实际上是一个trick，选项C正确。选项A、 B、D都是trick的表现形式，均不全面，而且这个trick是Senator Hart发现的。

47． The word “undue” in the second paragraph means ______. A．improper B．adequate C．unexpected D．excessive

正确答案：D

解析：本题需要在理解全篇的基础上猜出undue的意思。 “改变包装大小或样式带来的麻烦”不用improper“不适当的”、adequate“适当的，足够的”或unexpected“突如其来的，没有想到的”来修饰。只有D项“过多的，过分的”符合题意。

48． Consumers are concerned about the changes in the package size, mainly because ______.

A．they hate to see any changes in things they are familiar with B．the unit price for a product often rises as a result

C．they have to pay for the cost of changing package sizes D．this entails an increase in the cost of packaging

正确答案：B 解析：本题问消费者关注包装大小改变的主要原因是什么，需要理解全篇内容才能作答。文章第一段开宗明义，说到参议员Hart一家购买的包装商品分量少了，但价格未减；第二段一开始就提到一些生产厂家用改变包装式样的办法提高商品单价。由此可知，消费者首先关注的是商品包装的改变带来的商品单价的提高，即选项B所说的内容。选项A文中未提及；选项C、D意思相似，但公众关注的直接原因是价格升高，而非成本问题。

49． According to this passage, various types of packaging come into existence to ______.

A．meet the needs of consumers B．suit all kinds of products

C．enhance the market position of products D．introduce new products

正确答案：C 解析：本题问为何会出现形形色色的包装。第二段末作者说许多包装商品的生产商不断改变包装的大小、用料、形状、制作工艺以及商品本身的重量， 目的是为了提高商品所占的市场份额，与选项C吻合。选项A、B、D也都是包装的目的和作用，但不是最本质、最主要的。

50． The author is critical mainly of ______. A．dishonest packaging B．inferior packaging

C．the changes in package size

D．exaggerated illustrations on packages

正确答案：A

解析：本题问及作者批判的主要方面是什么。文章一开始就点明了主旨 concern about deceptive packaging，dishonest与deceptive同义，选项A正确。选项B“粗制滥造的包装”文中未提及；选项C“不断变化的包装大小”和D“包装上夸大其词的图案”都是在论证deceptive packaging时列举的实例，不能概括全文。

Early intelligence tests were not without their critics. Many enduring concerns were first raised by the influential journalist Walter Lippman, in a series of published debates with Lewis Terman, of Stanford University, the father of IQ testing in America. Lippman pointed out the superficiality of the questions, their possible cultural biases, and the risks of trying to determine a person’s intellectual potential with a brief oral or paper-and-pencil measure. Perhaps surprisingly, the conceptualization of intelligence did not advance much in the decades following Terman’s pioneering contributions. Intelligence tests came to be seen, rightly or wrongly, as primarily a tool for selecting people to fill academic or vocational niches.

In one of the most famous -- if irritating -- remarks about intelligence testing, the influential Harvard psychologist E. G. Boring declared, “intelligence is what the tests test.” So long as these tests did what they were supposed to do(that is, give some indication of school success), it did not seem necessary or prudent to probe too deeply

into their meaning or to explore alternative views of the human intellect. Psychologists who study intelligence have argued chiefly about two questions. The first: Is intelligence singular, or does it consist of various more or less independent intellectual faculties? The purists -- ranging from the turn-of-the-century English psychologist Charles Spearman to his latter-day disciples Richard J. Herrntein and Charles Murray -- defend the notion of a single overarching “g”, or general intelligence. The pluralists -- ranging from L. L. Thurstone, of the University of Chicago, who posited seven vectors of the mind, to J. P. Guilford, of the University of Southern California, who discerned 150 factors of the intellect-construe intelligence as composed of some or even many dissociable components. The public is more interested in the second question: Is intelligence (or are intelligences) largely inherited.’? This is by and large a Western question. In the Confucian societies of East Asia individual differences in endowment are assumed to be modest, and differences in achievement are thought to be due largely to effort. In the West, however, many students of the subject sympathize with the view -- defended within psychology by Lewis Terman, among others -- that intelligence is inborn and one can do little to alter one’s intellectual birthright. Studies of identical twins reared apart provide surprisingly strong support for the “heritability” of psychometric intelligence. That is, if one wants to predict someone’s score on an intelligence test, the scores of the biological parents (even if the child has not had appreciable contact with them) are more likely to prove relevant than the scores of the adoptive parents. By the same token, the IQs of identical twins are more similar than the IQs of fraternal twins. And, contrary to common sense, the IQs of biologically related people grow closer in the later years of life.

51． Paragraph 1 of this passage suggests that ______. A．intelligence tests are criticized by many people B．Walter Lippman is an influential journalist

C．Lewis Terman of Stanford University is the father of IQ testing in America D．Walter Lippman suspects the authenticity of IQ testing

正确答案：D

解析：从第一段最后一句可知：Walter Lippman怀疑智商测试的可信度。因此选D。

52． According to E. G. Boring, “intelligence is what the tests test.” This remark suggests that ______.

A．intelligence tests have come to be seen rightly or wrongly

B．intelligence tests have become primarily a tool for selecting people

C．intelligence tests have become an irritating test D．intelligence tests can hardly justify one’s intellect

正确答案：D

解析：智商测试很难对一个人的智力做出公正评价；根据原文intelligence is what the tests test(智力是检测所测出的结果)不难得出这一推论。

53． According to the context, “the turn-of-the-century” in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.

A．19th century B．20th century

C．around 20th century D．21st century

正确答案：C

解析：原文的the turn-of-the-century指的是19世纪末20世纪初，这不难从后面的his latter-day disciples Richard(他后来的门徒)判断出来。

． According to ______, intelligence is something inborn, not something attained through effort.

A．the Confucian societies of East Asia B．people in the West

C．many students in the West D．Lewis Terman

正确答案：C 解析：第四段最后一句指出，西方的很多学者认为智力是天生的。因此选C。

55． Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．There does exist the “heritability” of psychometric intelligence. B．It’s difficult to predict someone’s score on an intelligence test.

C．The IQs of identical twins are the same as the IQs of fraternal twins.

D．The IQs of biologically related people live closer in the later years of life.

正确答案：A 解析：原文末段最后一句指出：世上确实存在心理测试智力的“遗传可能性”。这与A选项意思相符。

One of the most pressing problems regarding the sea today concerns not its resources, but its conservation. There are limits to the amount of waste that can be absorbed by the oceans. Already, fish catches in the Baltic and the Caspian seas have decreased by 90% during the past forty years. An International Convention on the Dumping of Wastes at Sea was signed by ninety states in 1972 to restrict dumping toxic wastes beyond the continental shelves. It is not yet ratified, and even when it is,

who will police it? With the increasing of exploration and mining at sea, in all probability, the amount of waste will do. Urgent research into the ecological balances of sea life and how they are affected by pollution is needed. As scientific knowledge stands now, we do not know how much damage the oceans can endure. The oceans contain enormous resources of energy, food, and raw materials. Judiciously exploited, these resources can make a significant difference to man’s survival and the quality of his life in an overpopulated world. Some operational framework for safeguarding the interests of all nations must clearly be formulated to prevent those nations, who possess the technology and can afford the research and exploitation, from obtaining the wealth for themselves. To try to institute a system of government for the oceans is fraught with obvious difficulties. Failure to come to an agreement would undermine confidence in the viability of international action to bring about peaceful political and economic relations in other spheres. On the other hand, if agreement at a future conference could be realized only by abandoning the principle of internationalism embodied in the concept of the oceans as the common heritage of mankind, this would be the greater failure. Internationalism in this context need not aim at supernational administration and safekeeping of the oceans; what is needed, rather, is the formulation and acceptance of guidelines to ensure that the oceans benefit the greatest number of nations. This would require nations with immediate economic and political stakes in the oceans and the power to enforce their self-interest to hold off that very power and to weigh se]f-interest against the long-term interest of the concert of nations.

56． One of the most pressing problems regarding the sea is its conservation because of ______.

A．the high percent decrease of fish catches during the past forty years B．ever-increasing amount of waste dumping into the sea C．invalidness of an international law D．Both A and B

正确答案：D

解析：从文章第一段的第二、三句可知，往海里过量倾倒废物使鱼的产量剧减。最后一句再次提醒，随着海上开采业的发展与探索，倾倒在海里的废物量将不斯增加，局势也将更加严峻。因此选项D为正确答案。

57． In discussing the resources of the sea, the author has hinted that ______. A．the demand for them exceeds the supply

B．if they are properly used, everyone can benefit C．anarchy will soon prevail because of the resources D．nothing can prevent over-exploitation

正确答案：B

解析：见第三段第二句：如果进行合理开发，在这个人口膨胀的世界，海洋

资源对于人类的生存和改善生活质量都有着巨大的意义。因此要阻止那些有钱有技术的国家仅为私利去开发。

58． The agreement between countries must be instituted ______. A．on the basis of the principle of internationalism B．with no objection

C．with authoritative power

D．under the supernational administration

正确答案：A 解析：第四段的最后一句话指出：如果这一协议的实现以放弃国际主义原则——即把大洋看成人类共同财产这一概念为代价，这种协议将是更大的失败。所以A项为正确答案。

59． What does the word “undermine” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Strengthen. B．Weaken. C．Disturb. D．Fortify.

正确答案：B 解析：本句句意：“如果不能达到一致将会减弱国际行动的活力……”，因此选B。

60． In the last paragraph the author is making a plea for ______. A．greater self-denial on the part of powerful nations B．the introduction of a supernational body to rule the sea C．more research into international legal problems D．fewer complicated guidelines on the use of the sea

正确答案：D 解析：文章末段的第一句话指出：“……我们需要找到大家共同遵守的协议，以保证大洋可以今大多数国家受益。”

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Immediately after the Civil War, however, the diet began to change. 61) Rail transportation increased the supply and improved the quality of the milk that reached urban centers; cold storage and refrigerator cars made possible the greater consumption of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and fresh fish; and commercial canning extended the range of appetizing and healthful foods. Subsequently food statistics indicated an increased consumption of dairy products, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables,

sugar and syrups, coffee, tea, cocoa, and spices. Decreased consumption was shown for meats, potatoes, and grain products. 62) By and large, the American diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products, rather than on grains, which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the American public. Whereas a grain and fish diet, such as in Japan, requires only a quarter of an acre high-yield cropland and no pasture per capita, the American diet requires about two and a half acres of cropland and ten acres of pasture per capita. Also it indicated a shift toward the so-called protective foods, toward those high in vitamins and proteins. 63) This change was greatly furthered by governmental food inspection (the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906), by the increasing use of mechanical refrigerators in the 1920’s and 1930’s and of freezers for frozen food during recent decades. In the years after World War I a food revolution took place that’ was reminiscent of the one that occured after the Civil War. The output of the food-manufacturing industry quadrupled from 1900 to 1940. ) In that interval, as we have mentioned earlier, home canning gave way to commercial canning, and the labor of housekeeping was lightened. Fortunately most of the major dietary changes that have taken place since the middle of the nineteenth century have resulted in better nutrition for the population. In part, these shifts have taken place because of a preference for new foods rather than old, but in part, they have been made because the new foods were advocated by nutritionists. Apparently American dietary customs were not so deeply ingrained as to prevent change in the interests of better health; 65) Possibly one factor that has contributed to the readiness of Americans to accept new foods or food preparations is the general familiarity with a variety of regional dishes coming from many different lands. Within a small area in New York City or San Francisco, one can find restaurants specializing in French, Italian, German, Turkish, Arabian, or Chinese cuisine. And at a Chinese restaurant in the United States the chef and waiter are as likely as not to be Oriental.

61．

正确答案：铁路运输增加了牛奶的供应，也改善了运送到城市的牛奶质量；冷藏法和冷藏车使新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果和鲜鱼消费量的增加成为可能；而商业上的罐头制造业也让可口且有益于健康的食品种类增多。

62．

正确答案：总的说来，美国人的膳食仍大量依赖于家畜产品而非粮食，这就意味着需要比较大的土地面积来养活美国公众。

63．

正确答案：的食品检查制度(1906年通过了纯食品及药物法案)，19世纪二三十年代冰箱的使用及近几十年用于冷冻食品的冷冻柜的使用增加，大大促

进了这一变化。

．

正确答案：在这期间，如前文提到的，家庭制作罐头发展成为商业性的罐头制造，减轻了家务劳动。

65．

正确答案：美国人易于接受新食品或新的食物配制法的原因之一可能是，大部分人都普遍熟悉了来自许多不同国家和地区的风味菜肴。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

66． Technology brought great convenience to our lives yet it also created multiple social problems. What do you think about technology? Please write about your opinion. Give two or three examples to illustrate your point. You should write 160 - 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

正确答案： The 20th century saw many great inventions, such as airplanes, motion pictures, television, telephone, computer, the Internet, to list just a few. Each of these inventions hears witness to the amazing advancements in technology in the past century. These inventions made our lives much easier and much more enjoyable. However, progress in technology is always a double-edged sword. People invented pesticides to kill pests but pesticides can pollute the environment by entering the water supplies and harming birds that eat the dead insects. Cellphone has greatly facilitated Communication yet it has been proved that it poses danger to users’ health. What’s more, cell phones often go off during movies, concerts, classes, meetings, and libraries and create public nuisance. Automobiles have become an indispensable tool to the modern man but they consume great amounts of fuel, and create enormous environmental problems. Also, many people are killed in car accidents every year. Internet links tens of millions of people around the world but people are so addicted to the Internet today that they don’t go out and do exercises. In a word, technology can be put to good use only when it’s used properly. People often find it hard to balance the convenience brought by modern technology and its potentially harmful effects. I believe the average people should be educated about the potential harm of technology and should always use it with a mind to promoting the teamwork spirit.