国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷227(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷227 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文： M: Margaret Welch was born in Philadelphia in 1901. She began her studies at DePauw University in 1919, but after a year she transferred to study at Barnard University, Majoring in sociology. She received her undergraduate degree from Barnard in 1923. She ultimately acquired a Ph. D from Columbia University in 1929. She married Dr. Reo Fortune in 1928. Together they wrote Growing Up In New Guinea , published in 1930. Welch worked with her husband on another book called Balanese Character that was published in 1942. At the age of 23, Dr. Welch undertook a field study in the South Pacific. The experience resulted in her writing of her highly popular book Coming of Age in Samoa , published in 1928. Dr. Welch’s interests and writings centered on religions. She worked in the Department of Anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History from 1926 through to the end of her life. She was a professor of anthropology at Columbia starting in the year 1954, working with her old associate Ruth Benedict. She wrote a book entitled an Anthropologist at Work about Benedict, It was published in 1959. Margaret Welch died in 1978.

1．

正确答案：sociology

解析：这里考她的专业，注意sociology的拼写。

2．

正确答案：1930

解析：数字题是听力考试中的重点兼难点，考生需要准确写出数字，尤其是分辨一teen和一ty两个常考音节。很多人会写成1913，除了粗心错误外，还有不善利用已给信息的弱点，因为前面的已明确告诉“她1928年结婚”这一信息，

然后又说到她和丈夫共同撰写的书1930年出版。两个年份注意都不能写出year，因为只能写一个词。

3．

正确答案：23

4．

正确答案：religions

解析：此题失分的可能性比较大，注意religions是复数，因为此词前没有a或the，而且前面有介词on，所以不是形容词。

5．

正确答案：1954

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文： In a new program to encourage graduate students to enter public service, Harvard University plans to give $ 14 million in “presidential scholarships” over the next three years to 200 to 300 graduate students interested in public service or research careers. It will also offer below-market-rate loans to all 12, 000 of its graduate and professional students— including those from outside the United States—to support students who enter less profitable public-interest careers. “I believe these steps represent a significant move toward the ultimate objective of drawing more young people into public service, and making possible careers of many different kinds for the most talented young students from all over the world,” Harvard’s president, Lawrence H. Summers said. Mr. Summers, an economist who served as United States Treasury secretary before becoming Harvard’s president, said he had become convinced of the need for such a program as he talked to students about their career plans. “There were things they wanted to do, and they felt it was very hard to afford to do them,” he said. Harvard’s new loan program will begin next month and the scholarships in September. The fellowships will extend to most of Harvard’s graduate programs, excluding business and law, Mr. Summers said, because they already have “quite generous programs” for graduates who go into public service. The fellowship programs will vary by school. The medical school, for example, will supplement salaries for graduates in low-paying public service jobs. The graduate school of arts and sciences will give grants to students in the humanities and social sciences. Besides covering tuition and fees for five years, the arts and sciences fellowships will pay a $ 25, 000 annual stipend—nearly $ 5, 000 more than standard fellowships- and guarantee a year of support for thesis completion. Harvard expects to

give at least 50 fellowships in the arts and sciences in the next three years.

6．

正确答案：$14 million

解析：本题考查考生对于具体信息的听辨能力。原句为“In a new program toencourage graduate students to enter public service，Harvard University plans to give $14million in‘presidential scholarships’over the next three years to 200 to 300 graduatestudents interested in public service or research careers．”要注意语序上的不同。

7．

正确答案：economist

解析：本题考查考生对于具体信息的听辨能力。原句为“Mr．Summers，aneconomist who served as United States Treasury secretary before becoming Harvard’spresident．．．”表示人物的单词通常以“ist”收尾。而不定冠词“an”说明要填的词是一个元音字母首写的词。

8．

正确答案：September

解析：本题考查考生对于具体细节信息的听辨能力。要注意首字母的大写。

9．

正确答案：business and law

解析：本题考查考生对于具体细节信息的听辨能力。要注意问题是“exclude”，即“除了”。

10．

正确答案：50 解析：本题考查考生对于具体细节信息的听辨能力。原句为“Harvard expects to give atleast 50 fellowships in the arts and sciences in the next three years．”

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文：Questions 11 — 13 are based on a report about the post-graduation lives of those well-educated young eastern Germans. For many well-educated young eastern Germans like Susanne Kophal, who was born, raised and educated in

Rostock, a lovely city on the Baltic Sea, there is a familiar story about the moment in their post-graduation lives that they decided to leave. “I’ll always have the wish to return to my hometown,” said Ms. Kophal, 26, who grad-uated from the University of Rostock last year with a political science degree. “The people are friendly. In the summer you can take off for lunch, go swimming in the ocean and be back at work within an hour. But there are precious few professional jobs here and little hope of building a career. “And so, Ms. Kophal and every one of her college friends: a doctor, a biologist and a physicist among them, left Rostock for brighter prospects elsewhere in Germany or for a career abroad, probably for good. “I see myself as an economic refugee,” Ms. Kophal said in an interview at her office in Berlin, where she found a position as a magazine production manager now. In Rostock, where unemployment stands at 18 percent, almost double the national average, “there’s no chance to earn a decent living,” she said. “The only alternatives are the two classic examples: becoming a taxi driver or working at McDonald’s. “

11． What major did Ms. Kophal got when she graduated from the University of Rostock last year?

A．Medical science B．Political science C．Biology

D．Production management

正确答案：B 解析：问题是：“Ms．Kophal去年从Rostock大学毕业时的专业是什么?”，正确答案是“政治学”。其依据是“Ms．Kophal，26，who graduated from the University of Rostock lastyear with a political science degree．”。虽然其他三个选项都在文中出现过，但指的都是其他事情。

12． What is the national average percent of unemployment? A．9 percent B．12 percent C．16 percent D．18 percent

正确答案：A 解析：问题是：“全国平均失业率是多少?”，正确答案是“9％”，．其依据是“In Rostock，where unemployment stands at 18 percent，almost double the national average”：，关键是“double”一词表示“双倍于”。

13． What are the two classic jobs that people will take in Rostock, besides working at McDonald’s?

A．Becoming a physicist

B．Becoming a school teacher C．Becoming a taxi driver

D．Becoming a magazine production manager

正确答案：C 解析：问题是：“在Rostock，除了去麦当劳，人们通常会做的另一种工作是什么?”，正确答案是“开出租汽车”。其依据是“The only alternatives are the two classic examples：becoming a taxi driver or working at McDonald’s．”虽然其他三个选项都在文中出现过，但指的都是其他事情，不要混淆。

听力原文： M: Next time you bring your kids in for a checkup, don’t be surprised if the doctor asks about their tastes in entertainment. The American Academy of Medicine suggested last week that- doctors work with parents to evaluate how much TV kids watch and what they see, what video and computer games they play, which websites they visit on the Internet, whether they view R-rated videos without the company of their parents, what music they like and what books they read. Doctors are worried that kids who spend too much time in front of the tube don’t get enough exercise and can become overweight. The academy is also concerned that the messages kids get from entertainment media can make them more violent and sexually active. The academy recommends that children under age two not watch any TV. “Children need activities to stimulate the brain during the first two years of life,” says Dr. Miriam Baron, who chairs the academy’s committee on public education. “They need feedback and socialization. “ Older children, she says, should watch TV in a common area. Their bedrooms should be “electronic media-free” zones where they can have a quiet place to read, study, play or just relax.

14． What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?

A．How much exercise they get every day. B．What they are most worried about.

C．How long their parents accompany them daily. D．What entertainment they are interested in.

正确答案：D 解析：此篇短文谈论电视对孩子成长的负面影响。这类文章在听力考试中已经出现多次了，所以比较利于考生抓住主题思想。通过阅读三道题目及其选项，可以判断主要内容与entertainment和kid有关。这一题的线索在第一句。

15． The academy suggests that children under age two______. A．get enough entertainment B．have more activities C．receive early education D．have regular checkups

正确答案：B 解析：专家认为两岁以下的孩子不能看任何电视，他们应该有更多的活动来锻炼脑子。因此答案是B。

16． According to the report, children’s bedrooms should______. A．be no place for play B．be near a common area C．have no TV sets

D．have a computer for study

正确答案：C

解析：这一题是常识题，可以根据排除法来判断正确答案。当然，只要理解文章的主要意思，就能明确判断孩子的房间要远离电视。

听力原文：Questions 17—20 are based on the dialogue. Do you know America’s most famous woman is the Goddess of liberty, i. e. , the Statue of Liberty? It was conceived in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Bartoldi. They wanted to honor liberty and friendship. It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America celebrated its centennial. Fund raising and manufacture of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York. Americans were initially embarrassed for they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind schedule. One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then auctioned off. Mark Twain wrote a “tongue-in-cheek” letter suggesting that Miss Liberty didn’t deserve a statue. The base and statue, together 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a technical standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the principle utilized in modern aircraft. After a century, the monument began to show signs of deterioration. Just as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with renovation. A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial. Liberty is still popular in France and the United States.

17． Mark Twain’s letter about the Statue of Liberty_____. A．represented a serious question as to the need for the statue B．was a put-on by a journalist C．raised a great deal of money D．poked fun at the French

正确答案：D

解析：内容与资金有关，因为资金不足，所以美国名人才写信募捐，Mark Twain的信上说女神小姐不值得拥有一座塑像当然是取笑，其他选项文中没有提到。

18． How many years elapsed from the conception of the statue until its completion?

A．11 years. B．16 years. C．26 years. D．21 years

正确答案：D 解析：数字运算题，研究生英语听力发展下去，单纯的数字听写会越来越少，四则运算会很快成为主流。此题的难度是信息跨度大，必须做笔记才能正确解题。1865年开始设想建自由女神像，本以为1876年能完成，没想到中间资金等问题出现，当1885年自由女神像运到美国的时候，美国还没筹集够造底座的基金，因此直到1886年自由女神像才完工。

19． French engineering genius is seen in the Statue of Liberty in______. A．design of its base

B．design of its stressed sheathing

C．locating the statue without disrupting harbor traffic D．keeping the flame lit

正确答案：B 解析：细节题，短文中提到建筑师设计的塑像外壳正是现代飞机设计中大量用到的原理。

20． The Statue of Liberty’s development embarrassed Americans in the 1880s because

A．they took so long to raise the money B．it was apparent the statue was mislocated C．its design was tasteless

D．they felt that the concept was a waste of money

正确答案：A

解析：本题解题思路与17题相似。

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: 21 it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; 22 the workers in government offices who 23 our health, our food, our water, and all 24 things that we can not do for ourselves. By 25 of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 26 as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. In most countries, a direct tax on persons, 27 is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 28 , and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s 29 grows. In England, for example, the tax on the 30 people goes up as high as

ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have 31 taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”. 32 , it is the men and women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 33 pay the duties, in the 34 of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 35 things sold in the shops. If the most necessaary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 36 . If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, 37 is obtained,but the tax is fairer, as the 38 pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 39 with a direct on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 40 arrangement.

21．

A．because of B．instead of C．with D．without

正确答案：D

解析：本句意为“没有了它，就不可能付钱给保护我们的士兵和警察。”

22． A．so B．nor C．not D．all

正确答案：B

解析：nor“也不能”，本句意为“也不能支付政府办公室里的工作人员”。

23．

A．look after B．sympathize C．consider D．see

正确答案：A

解析：look after“照料”，本句意为“照顾我们的健康、食物和水的政府工作人员”。sympathize“同情”，consider“考虑”，see“看见”。

24． A．other B．others C．the other D．many

正确答案：A

解析：all other things“所有其他的东西”，固定用法。

25． A．mean B．means C．a means D．the means

正确答案：B

解析：means“途径”，by means of“通过”，固定用法。

26． A．many B．well C．more D．much

正确答案：D

解析：as much as”与……一样多”，本句意为“我们为我们需要的东西付钱，就像我们需要地方居住，需要东西来吃一样”。

27． A．which B．what C．that D．it

正确答案：A

解析：空后的句子是一个非限制性定语从句，用来修饰“a direct tax on persons”，所以应当选which做引导词。

28． A．a lot B．most C．nothing D．more

正确答案：C

解析：从后面一句话“随着纳税人收入的增长，纳税百分比也随之增长”可以推断出，最穷的人支付的应当最少。

29．

A．income B．population C．tax D．amount

正确答案：A

解析：income“收入”。这句话的意思是“随着纳税人收入的增长……”，population“人口”，tax“税”，amount“数额”。

30． A．poor B．working C．rich D．richest

正确答案：D

解析：本句意为“富人的税率增长了95％”。

31． A．no B．income C．indirect D．direct

正确答案：C

解析：indirect“间接”。本句意为“但是征收直接税的国家一般总是会有间接税。”

32．

A．However B．So

C．Of course D．By chance

正确答案：C

解析：of course“当然”。本句意为“当然，实际上是那些购买商店里的进口商品的人需要支付税款。”so“因此”，however“但是”，by chance“偶然”。

33．

A．have to B．will

C．are willing to D．should

正确答案：A

解析：have to“必须”，will“会”，be willing to“愿意”，should“应当”。

34． A．way B．form C．name D．terms

正确答案：B

解析：in the form of“以……的形式”，本句意为“以更高价格的：形式”。没有in the wayof的搭配，in the name of“以……的名义”，in terms of“在……方面”。

35． A．about B．on C．for D．form

正确答案：B 解析：“对……的税收”，介词用on。

36． A．least B．highly C．less D．most

正确答案：D

解析：本句意为“如果最为必要的东西，会征收很多钱，但是穷人将损失最多”。

37．

A．less money B．more money C．fewer money D．most money

正确答案：A

解析：本句意为“如果对像珠宝和皮衣一类的非必需品征税，得到的钱更少些”。

38．

A．people B．poor C．rich D．country

正确答案：C

解析：本句意为“但是纳税会更公平，因为富人会支付”。

39．

A．including B．along C．dealing D．and

正确答案：B

解析：along with“和，与……一起”，including“包括”，dealing with“涉及，与……有关”，and“和”。

40．

A．the best B．the worst C．good D．better

正确答案：A

解析：本句意为“这是最好的安排”。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said. But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec (魁北克), said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body. The study at Finland’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said. “We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said. Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation,

raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain’s protective shield against harmful substances. The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said. The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable(能透过的), he said. “Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink—not the blood vessels but the cells themselves—and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass. “ he said. Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result. “These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer’s disease. “Where the truth is I do not know,” he said. Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.

41． According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect one’s health? A．Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.

B．Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.

C．Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it. D．Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed.

正确答案：A

解析：文章论述的是手机导致人体细胞变化，所以从“The study found that a proteincalled hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activitydue to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shieldmore permeable(能透过的)，”可以判断答案是A。

42． What’s the result of the French study?

A．The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening. B．Mobile phone may affect one’s normal way of thinking. C．Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation. D．A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.

正确答案：C 解析：从倒数第三段的末尾句可以看出，法国的研究成果是手机辐射是失眠、头痛等毛病的原因。选项中提到的是其中一条。

43． What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone? A．Fatigue. B．Headache.

C．Alzheimer’s disease. D．Tuberculosis.

正确答案：D

解析：从文章内容上看，手机导致的疾病有好几种，但都是与头脑有关。用排除法可排除Tuberculosis。

44． According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone?

A．People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.

B．People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation. C．People will continue to use mobile phone.

D．There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone.

正确答案：C

解析：从最后研究人员的几句话可以判断手机影响程度到底如何还不知道，而且提到研究人员自己以及其家人还在用手机，可推测手机的使用不会因为这些还不确切的科学发现而停止。

45． Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect one’s brain.

B．Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.

C．Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.

D．Lszczynski forbade his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research.

正确答案：D

解析：此题用排除法比较容易解决。文章最后提到Leszczynski自己、家人都在用手机，没有任何迹象表明他禁止他们用手机，所以答案是D。

Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting, he will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as

soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of difference evidence. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law; secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness—as he sees it—of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is recatching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.

46． A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because______. A．he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed B．he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals C．he must behave as professional lawyers do D．he must work hard to help reform criminals

正确答案：B

解析：根据文章第二段的内容，我们可以看到警察必须懂得刑法，因为他必须确切知道什么行为是犯罪，什么样的证据可以在法庭上使用，[B]选项与此意相符。所以正确答案应当为[B]。

47． What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage? ______

A．Distressing. B．Dramatic. C．Dangerous. D．Demanding.

正确答案：A 解析：从文章的整个内容来看，它讲到的是作为一个警察有很多令人痛苦压抑的事情。所以选项[A]最符合题意。

48． According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time and efforts______.

A．consulting the rules of law

B．collecting and providing evidence

C．tracking and arresting criminals D．patrolling the street, rain or shine

正确答案：B 解析：根据文章的第四段和第五段，可以看到抓获犯罪分子只是工作的开端，之后他们必须花费大量的时间和精力去收集证据。选项[B]与此意相符。所以正确答案应当为[B]。

49． What’s the policeman’s biggest headache?

A．He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.

B．He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.

C．He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way. D．He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.

正确答案：C

解析：根据文章的倒数第二段，我们可以看到，作为一名警察，他既要遵守法律，又作为公仆，他们必须取得成效，而他们又往往很难两者兼顾。所以让警察最头疼的事情应该是选项[C]所表述的内容。本题正确答案为[C]。

50． Why do policemen feel separated from the rest of the world? A．Because they feel superior to simple-minded people around them. B．Because they are suspicious of the people around them. C．Because they do not receive due support from society. D．Because they find people insincere to them.

正确答案：D 解析：从文章最后一段的前面三句话，可以看到，侦探不得不欺骗这个世界，否则世界就欺骗他，他遇到的任何人，几乎没有跟他说真话的，这使他们感觉到与世界隔离了。选项[D]与题意相符，所以正确答案应当为[D]。

Placing a human being behind the wheel of an automobile often has the same curios effect as cutting certain fibres in the brain. The result in either case is more primitive behaviour. Hostile feelings are apt to be expressed in an aggressive way. The same man who will step aside for a stranger at a doorway will, when behind the wheel, risk an accident trying to beat another motorist through an intersection. The importance of emotional factors in automobile accidents is gaining recognition. Doctors and other scientists have concluded that the highway death toll resembles a disease epidemic and should be investigated as such. Dr. Ross A. McFarland, an associate professor of industrial Hygiene at the Harvard U-niversity School of Public Health, aid that accidents “now constitute a greater threat to the safety of large segments of the population than diseases do. “ Accidents are the

leading cause of death between the ages of 1 and 35. About one third of all accidental deaths and one seventh of all accidental injuries are caused by motor vehicles. Based on the present rate of vehicle registration, unless the accident rate is cut in half, one of every 10 persons in the country will be killed or injured in a traffic accident in the next 15 years. Research to find the underlying causes of accidents and to develop ways to detect drivers who are apt to cause them is being conducted at universities and medical centres. Here are some of their findings so far： A man drives as he lives. If he is often in trouble with collection agencies, the courts, and police, chances are he will have repeated automobile accidents. Accident repeaters usually are egocentric, exhibitionistic, resentful of authority, impulsive, and lacking in social responsibility. As a group, they can be classified as borderline psychopathic personalities, according to Dr. McFarland. The suspicion, however, that accident repeaters could be detected in advance by screening out persons with more hostile impulses is false. A study at the University of Colorado showed that there were just as many overly hostile persons among those who had no accidents as among those with repeated accidents. Psychologists currently are studying Denver high school pupils to test the validity of this concept. They are making psychological evaluations of the pupils to see whether subsequent driving records will bear out their thesis.

51． The author believes that, behind the wheel of an automobile, some people act______.

A．as though they were uncivilized

B．as they should change their attitudes from hostility to amicability C．as though their brain fibres needed cutting D．as though they wanted repress hostile feeling

正确答案：A

解析：根据第二段第一句话“The result in either case is more primitive behaviour”，这里“primitive”的意思就是“uncivilized”，所以正确答案应为A。

52． Dr. McFarland emphasizes the great menace of accidents by comparing it to______.

A．psychopathic behaviour B．an epidemic C．hostile attitudes D．antisocial behaviour

正确答案：B

解析：根据第四段中“…now constitute a greater threat to the safety of large segments ofthe population than diseases do”，可见罗斯博士视“交通事故比疾病更严重地威胁着人们的生命安全”。这里博士把交通事故和疾病相比较，因此B为正确答案。

53． According to the article, studies at leading universities have shown that accident repeaters ______.

A．can be detected in advance

B．are in trouble with collection agencies

C．cannot be discovered on the basis of generally hostile attitudes D．drive entirely differently from the way they usually live

正确答案：C

解析：根据文章倒数第二段最后一句话，“研究表明，在没有发生过交通事故的人当中同样有许多不友善的人”。由此可见，不友善的人并不等于事故多发者，人的态度友善不友善，以此为基础，判断不了一个人是否是事故多发者。因此C为正确答案。

54． According to Dr. McFarland, accident repeaters are______. A．shy

B．borderline psychopathic cases C．criminally insane D．neurotic

正确答案：B

解析：根据文中第八段所讲，事故多发者往往是自私自利，好出风头，憎恨政府，易感情冲动，缺乏社会责任感。要分类的话，他们属于那种处于精神变态的人。A、C、D均与以上所述不符，所以正确答案应为B。

55． The tone of this passage is______. A．ironical B．pessimistic C．humorous D．objective

正确答案：D

解析：作者在文章中引用了较多研究员的研究结果，以事实为依据，分析讨论交通事故率高的原因。在讨论中，作者没有用那些很强的带有个人感情色彩的词语，而是以一种比较客观的态度来讨论问题。所以正确答案应为D。

A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps

contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information a-bout approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional oro-graphical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.

56． One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is______.

A．wind speed B．thermal changes C．fronts

D．barometric pressure

正确答案：B 解析：本文在第一段第二句中列举了从气象图上可以确定的信息，其中“the speed of airmasses”即A选项，“fronts”即C选项，“whether an individual pressure area”即D选项，惟有B所包含的信息不在列举之列，所以此题的正确答案应当为B。

57． The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining______. A．upper air levels B．satellite reports C．changing fronts D．daily air maps

正确答案：A 解析：本文第二段最后一句明确指出“These 30一day outlooks are base upon an analysis ofthe upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses，fronts，and storms”，所以本题的正确答案应当为A。

58． The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because

it______.

A．gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise B．enables man to alter the weather C．uses electronic instruments D．is modern

正确答案：D 解析：本文第二段第二句提到运用卫星，科学家可以对只有很少气象站的地区的气象进行分析、判断，这与答案D意思相近，所以本题正确答案应当为D。

59． A weather map is synoptic because it______. A．summarizes a great deal of information B．can be interpreted accurately C．appears daily

D．shows changing fronts

正确答案：A

解析：由第一段最后一句中的“thus”可推知，此句中的“synoptic picture of conditions”是前面几句中提到的天象图各种信息作用的综合，所以A的意思最准确。

60． At the present time, experiments are being conducted in______. A．30-day “outlook” B．controlling storms C．satellites

D．manipulating weather

正确答案：D

解析：文中第三段第三句说“在改造天气的研究中人们进行了许多实验”，D项与此意相符，所以选项D为正确答案。

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (61) At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on the right way. (62) This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lee-ture, enter into one aspect only,

namely the recreative function of green space facilities. (63) The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for man-y years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. (64) We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. (65) The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.

61．

正确答案：这在目前是得到公认的，尽管是个人见证的论述，而较少有严谨的科学推理作为证据的基础。

解析：句子框架是it is generally accepted，although…。主句中代词it代指前句内容it is no longer necessary that…this idea(有关这一主题的所有演讲或书籍不必用支持这一观念的证据开头了)。although引导让步状语从句，省略了主语和谓语，补充完整为although it is generally accepted more as a self—evident statement than on the basis ofa closely reasoned scientific proof。more…than…结构意为“不是…，而是…；与其说…，倒不如说…”。

62．

正确答案：然而，这并不意味着，我们对于有关城镇中绿色空间的作用以及居民使用这些空间的方法了解到了足够的资料。

解析：句子框架是This does not mean…that…。that引导的宾语从句作mean的宾语。从句中的被动结构be known译成主动句，加译泛指性的主语“我们”。句尾的介词短语about the way中又嵌套一个介词in加关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰theway 。

63．

正确答案：许多年来，日常生活、工作、交通以及娱乐这一理论上的划分被用在城市和国家的规划中，在我看来，其结果是不适度地注重离家远的地方的娱乐方式，而相对而言，较少地注意改进在离家最近的地带可能进行的娱乐。

解析：句子框架是The theoretical separation…has…resulted…，whereas

therewas…attention…。whereas连接两个并列句。前一个并列分句中又嵌套一个which引导的定语从句；far from home为形容词短语作后置定语修饰forms of recreation，相当于forms of recreation that are far from home；后一个并列分句为there be句型。disproportionate译为“不相称的，不适度的”；recreative possibilities译成“可能进行的娱乐”。

64．

正确答案：我们已经得出结论，这样做是不对的，因为我们除了睡觉和工作中度过的时间以外，重要的一部分是用来在家里或者家的周围进行活动。

解析：句子框架是We have come to the conclusion…，because…。because引导原因状语从句修饰主句。主句中又有that引导的同位语从句作conclusion的同位语。because引导的原因状语从句中又嵌套一个which引导的定语从句修饰the time。

65．

正确答案：都市环境应该提供尽可能多的娱乐活动，这种设计中，在它更加必不可少的活动里也应有娱乐的一面。

解析：句子框架是The urban environment has to offer…，and the design…has tobe…。and引导两个并列句。and后的并列分句中such that…结构译为“如此以致…”；the design of these中these指代前面分句的The urban environment；obligatory意为“必须的，强制性的”。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

66． There is an advertisement in the Sunday paper for a part-time research assistant. You are interested in the post. Please write a letter to apply for the post. You should write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

正确答案：Dear Sir, I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed in the Sunday paper for a part-time research assistant. Next year I will receive a bachelor’s degree in chemistry, and this job would give me the experience I will need for my future career in this field. I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your needs. As an undergraduate, I have taken many courses in chemistry and developed a great deal of practical experience. As a result, I can, at this point,perform most laboratory procedures with little or no difficulty. Because my primary interest is in polymer chemistry, I feel certain that I could carry out any assignments you would give me. Besides taking courses in chemistry, I have taken many optional courses such as computer programming, electronics circuit design and surface science. In addition, I spent last summer helping Professor Liu in surface chemistry. I would appreciate the opportunity to join your staff because your company enjoys a reputation for helping students like me to gain experience in industry. I enclose a resume and could be available for an interview

at your convenience. Sincerely, Zhang Xi