译林牛津高中英语模块六知识点汇总 Unit 1 Laughter is good for you一、Reading1. stand up for sth: 支持，维护…… We should strive to stand up for our right.2. stage: n. 舞台，阶段，时期 be on the stage: 在舞台上；当演员，登台表演go on the stage: 上舞台，当演员on stage: 在舞台上at a early stage: 在早期① One minute on the stage and ten years of practice off the stage.② She wanted to go on the stage from an early age. 他从小就相当演员。③ We watched them from afar, and admired them only on screen and on stage. 我们远远的注视他们，只能通过荧屏或舞台钦慕他们的风采。④ The babies develop quickly at an early stage.3. variety: n. (1) 变化，多样性[U] a life lacking variety.(2) 种类，各种各样 a variety of sth: 各种各样的 varieties of sth: ① He left for a variety of reasons. ② In the green grocers’ there are varieties of greens. 菜市场里有各种各样的蔬菜。 ③ The varieties of goods in this supermarket are rich.4. behave well / badly: 行为表现好∕坏 behave oneself: 行为表现好① He behaves badly all the time.② Children, please behave yourself.5. tease sb / make fun of sb: 取笑，嘲弄 Don’t take what he said seriously, she is just teasing you. 别拿他的话当真，他只是在取笑你。6. trip over sth: 被……绊倒 trip sth (up): 绊倒……① She tripped over a cat and fell down.② He tried to trip me but in vain.7. get one’s start: 挣得第一桶金 howl with laughter: 哈哈大笑 He got his start in the business and howled with laughter.8. have affection for sth: 喜爱，钟爱 He has great affection for his work.9. later on: 后来，过些时候10. such: adj. 那样的，这样的，如此的 such与数词或不定代词any，some，all，no等连用时放在它们之后；与不定冠词连用时，放在不定代词之前。例如： ① There is no such thing as a free lunch.② You gave me such a flight.11. live: adj. & adv. 现场直播的∕地 ① a live program. ② The concert was broadcast live on TV. 12. well: adv. (1) 充分地，彻底地； (2) 相当地，远远地，颇，很① The pan must be dried well before you put it away. ② He looks well over 40. 他看上去远远地超过40岁。二、Word power有关笑的谚语1. laugh one’s head off: 大笑不止2. smile on sb: 有利于，垂青，带来好运3. have the last laugh / He who laughs last laughs best: 笑到最后，笑得最好4. no laughing matter: 严肃的事，不是闹着玩的5. laughing stock: 笑柄6. laugh in one’s face: 当面嘲笑某人7. be all smiles: 满脸堆笑三、Grammar1. participate in sth: 参加，参与…… participation: [pa:͵tisi′peiʃn] n. [U]参加，参与 (in) participant: [pa:͵tisi′pənt] n. 参加者，参与者① The whole class are participating the discussion.② We want more participation in the decision-making process.2. drive sb away: 赶跑……drive (sb) off: 驾车离开；赶走∕击退……drive sth up: 迫使……上涨① Your anger will drive him away.② After the accident, the other car drove off.③ We keep dogs in the yard to drop off the intruders(非法闯入者).④ The oil shortage drove gas prices up by 20 cents a gallon.3. guarantee: (1) vt. 担保，保证；保修，包换guarantee sth: 保证，担保guarantee to do sth: 保证做…….guarantee that: 保证…….guarantee sb sth: 保证某人…… ① guarantee your safety / your debt. 保证你的安全∕担保你的债务② We guarantee to deliver the package within one week. ③ These days getting a degree(学位) will guarantee you a good job. ④ The radio is guaranteed for a year. 收音机保修一年。(2) n. 保修单∕期；保证；担保（物） there is no guarantee that: 无法保证……∕……不一定……There is no guarantee that it will be a nice weather tomorrow. 4. instruct: vt. 命令，指示；传授，告知 instruction: n. 命令，指示；传授，使用说明 instructive: adj. 有教育意义的，启发性的instruct sb to do sth: 命令∕指示某人做……instruct sb in sth: 传授某人……instruct (sb) that: 告知某人……① I have instructed him to keep the door locked.② All our staff have been instructed in sign language. 我们所有的员工都被教授了手语。③ We are instructed by our client that you owe them ₤300. 我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑。5. take on sb / sth: 雇佣；呈现；承担 take on some staff. 雇佣一些员工 take on a puzzled look. 呈现困惑的神色 take on a challenging task. 承担挑战性的任务6. move on to (doing) sth: 开始做……；换话题 Can we move on to a new topic?7. polish: ㈠ n. (1)上光剂，鞋油 (2) 优雅 (3) 磨光，擦亮[C]① You should use wax polish on wooden furniture. 你应该在木制家具上打上蜡。② Four years of college gave her considerable polish. 四年的大学给了她更多的优雅。③ Give your shoes a polish. 把你的鞋子擦一下。㈡ vt. polish sth (up) : 磨光，擦亮……polish sth up: 改善∕提高……polish sth off: 迅速做完……① polish (up) the table.② Will you polish up this article a bit before we send it to the printer? 在这篇文章付印以前，请把它修改一下好吗？③ We can polish the job off with the help of the new computer.四、Project1. as if从句省略如果as if引导的从句和主句的主语一致，同时从句中含有be的适当形式，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。剩余部分为名词、形容词、介词短语、分词或不定式等。as if引导的从句是否为虚拟语气，要根据上下文判断。例如： ① He behaved as if (he was) a fool.② The old man lay there as if (he was) dead.③ Ruby(鲁比) glanced about as if (she was) in search of something.④ John paused as if (he was ) expecting Mary to speak.⑤ They opened their eyes wide as (they were) shocked by the sudden appearance of the lost boy.⑥ The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ___________ whether he was going in the right direction. （2003，北京春）A. seeing B. having seen 答案为D。2. (Page 14, Line 21) mind if I sit down? 这是个省略句，完整的句子为would you mind if I sit down?3. please do: 好吧，请吧。—Would you mind my opening the door? —______. A. Yes, open it B. No, you wouldn’t C. No, go ahead D. Yes, please do (答案为C)4. make room for sth: 为……腾出地方 Please put away these books and make room for the piano.5. dash: vi. 急奔，猛冲 n. 急奔，猛冲；短跑；破折号dash sth off: 匆忙完成……C. to have seen D. to see① An ambulance dashed to the scene of the accident. 救护车风驰电掣地赶往事故现场。② She dashed off a letter to her mother. 她给母亲匆匆写了一封信。③ He made a dash for the bus. 他猛冲过去追赶汽车。④ He finished first in the 100-meter dash. 他在100米短跑中得了第一名。6. tear: (tore, torn) vt. 撕，扯tear sth to pieces: 把……撕成碎片tear sth apart: tear sth open: 撕∕拆开……① The contract(合同) lay on the ground, torn to pieces.② He torn the letter open and found a bill of 50 yuan.7. burst: (burst, burst) (1) vi. 猛冲；突然出现；爆裂 burst in: 突然闯入 burst into sth: 突然……起来burst out doing: ① burst into tears / burst out crying: 突然大哭起来② burst into laughter / burst out laughing: 突然大笑起来③ burst into flames: 突然起火 (2) n. 突发，迸发；爆炸；裂口 a burst in the water pipe a sudden burst of danger: 怒火的迸发Unit 2 What is happiness to you一、Reading1. be surrounded by / with sth: 被……包围∕环绕surrounding: adj. (作定语) 附近的，周围的surroundings: n. 环境，周围的事物① The house was surrounded by high walls and green trees.② The surrounding area is known for its beautiful views.③ Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings. 动物园中的动物没有自然环境。2. times: n. 时代，时期，日子 in modern times: 在现代 Times are hard for me. 我的日子很难。3. by: 到……时间为止by + 现在时间, 主句用现在完成时by + 过去时间, 主句用过去完成时by + 将来时间, 主句用将来完成时① By this week, we have accomplished 2 projects.② By the time he realized his view was wrong, he had nearly finished his essay.③ He will have been in the army for 10 years by next June.4. apart: adj. & adv. (1) (时间、空间上)相隔，相距① The two houses stand 500m apart.② The birthday is only 3 days apart. (2) 分离（的）；分开（的）；破裂（的） tell sth apart: 区分开…… fall apart: vi. 崩溃，瓦解，散架 live apart from sb: 与……分开住① I can’t tell the twins apart.② When his wife left him, his world just fall apart.③ We are living apart from our parents.5. apart from sth: (1) (=except) 除……以外 (2) (=besides) 除……以外也……① All the articles are good apart from this one.② Apart from their houses in London, they also have a villa(别墅) in Spain.6. cost sb sth: 使某人付出…… ① The meal cost me 10 dollars.7. ② The scandal(丑闻) cost the girl her career.rush sb to sth: 把……急送……in a rush: 匆忙地① The patient was rushed to the airport by the ambulance.② Those words came out in a rush.8. spirits: n. 精神，情绪，心境in high spirits: 情绪高昂in low / poor spirits: 情绪低落 The achievements put us in high spirits.9. appreciation: n. [U] (1) 感激 (2) 欣赏；鉴定 (3) 理解 in appreciation of sth: 以感激……① He showed his appreciation for our work.② Please accept this gift in appreciation of your help.③ She showed little appreciation of good music. 她感受不到美好音乐的好处。10. cry over / about sth: 因为……哭泣 cry over spilt milk: 作于事无补的担忧。① As the saying goes, “It’s no use crying over spilt milk”. ② It’s stupid to cry over something unimportant.11. adapt: v. 适应；改编 adaptation: [,ædæp′teʃən] n. 适应，改编（本）adapt to sth: 适应……adapt oneself to sth: 使某人（自己）适应……① adapt a script. 改编剧本② Our eyes soon adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。③ She adapted herself to the climate.12. go after sth: 追赶；追求，谋求① He went after the burglars. 他追赶那些盗贼。② He goes after every woman he meets.③ We are both going after the same job. 我们俩都谋求得到这份工作。13. heart and soul: adv. 全心全意地 We must serve the people heart and soul.14. advocate: vt. 主张，提倡；拥护 advocate (doing) sth: advocate that: ① Do you advocate banning cars in the city center?② I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的。③ The report advocated that we should try our best to protect the environment.二、Grammar1. accompany: vt. (1) 陪伴，陪同 (2) 为……伴奏 accompaniment: [əʹ kʌmpənimənt] n. (1) 伴奏 (2) 伴随物，配料 accompanist: [əʹ kʌmpənist] n. 伴奏者 accompany sb / keep sb company: 陪伴……to the accompaniment of sb: 在……伴奏下① Accompanied by his mother, the boy visited many places of interests.② The singer was accompanied on the piano by his sister. 这位歌唱家由他妹妹钢琴伴奏。③ She left the stage to the accompaniment of loud cheers. 她在一片欢呼声中离开了舞台。2. follow the procedures: 遵循这些步骤3. to one’s relief: 使…..宽慰的是 To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.4. head for sth / make for sth: 去…... leave for sth: 动身去……① It’s getting late; we’d better turn and make for home. 天晚了，我们最好折回家把。② I will leave for the airport this afternoon.5. feel caught between sth: 在……之间感到左右为难 I felt caught between further study and looking for a job when graduating from university.6. It feels like + 从句: 似乎，感觉好像…… We just met a couple of days ago, but it feels like we have known each other for a lifetime. 我们几天前才认识，但感觉好像认识了很久。7. quit: (quit, quit / quitted, quitted) vt. & vi. 辞去；停止，离开 quit doing sth: 停止做…… quit school: 辍学 quit one’s job: 辞职 quit smoking: 戒烟① He got his present job when he quit / quitted the army. 他退伍后得到现在这份工作。② If I don’ t get a pay rise, I will quit.三、Project1. ahead of sth: (1) 在……前面 (2) 比……先进，领先① Directly ahead of us is the royal palace. 我们正前方就是皇宫。② She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她远远领先班级的其他人。2. at this point: 在这时，在这一点 at that point: 在那时，在那一点① Do you have any questions at this point?② At that point the road dips into a valley. 在那一点，那条路直向山谷伸展。3. (Page 30, Line 10) All I had to do was go to school. 主语部分含有实义动词do的适当形式，作表语的不定式常常省略to. What she wants to do is (to) go home and have a good rest.4. feel like sth: 摸起来像......；感觉像是……feel like doing sth: 想要做……feel like + 从句: 感觉好像…… (like此时等于as if 或as though)① This kind of cloth feels like silk.② I don’t feel like cooking, let’s eat out. 我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。③ I feel like I am going to be sick. 我觉得我好想要病了。④ If felt like a great weight had been lifted from us. 我们如释重负。5. (Page 31, Lines 8-10) Humans will have leant to fix many of the problems…… (1) will have done: 将会做过……. (将来完成时) We will have taken 5 exams by next Friday. (2) fix / solve sth: 解决…… fix a problem.6. company: n. [U] 陪伴，和他人在一起 keep sb company / accompany sb: 陪伴某人 enjoy one’s company: 享受……的陪伴；喜欢和……在一起in company with sb: 和……一起① I’ll stay here and keep you company. 我留下来陪你。② I enjoy his company when I am have free time. 我闲时喜欢和他在一起。③ Tom, in company with many others, feel this decision was wrong. 汤姆，还有许多人，都认为这个决定是错误的。Unit 3 Understanding each other一、Reading1. hug: vt. (hugged; hugging) 拥抱n. 拥抱 give sb a hug = hug sb① Jane threw her arms and hugged him tight.② Paul gave me a hug and smiled.2. cultural differences: 文化差异 cultural shock: 文化冲突3. ensure sth / that 从句: 确保，保证……ensure sb sth: 保证某人……① All the necessary steps have been taken to ensure their safety.② I can’t ensure that he will be there on time.③ This medicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep.4. prohibit: vt. (prohibited; prohibiting) 禁止prohibit sb from doing sth: forbid sb from doing sth: forbid sb to do sth:禁止某人做…… ban sb from doing sth: ◆◆prohibition: [,prəuhiʹbiʃn] n. (1) [U] 禁止，阻止 (2) [C] 禁令，禁律① The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。② He was forbidden to talk to her.③ She has been banned from driving for six months.④ They voted in favor of the prohibition of smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成禁止在公共场合抽烟。⑤ a prohibition against the sale of firearms. 禁止出售火器的禁令。5. adjust: vt. & vi. 适应，习惯；调整，调节adjust to (doing) sth: 适应∕习惯……adjust sth to sth: 调整……以适应…… adjust oneself to sth: 使某人自己适应……① It took her a long time to adjust to living alone.② This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. 这种书桌的高度可以按照你的要求调节。③ He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country. 他很快使自己适应了这个国家的炎热。6. be accustomed to sth: 习惯于…… Accustomed to the city life, the young man has made great progress in his career.7. alike: adj. (不用于名词前) 相像的，相同的 look alike: 看上去相似 adv. 一样地，相似地① He and his sister are alike / look alike in many ways. 在很多方面，他和她妹妹很像。② They tried to treat the children alike.8. set off fireworks: 燃放烟火9. celebration: n. 庆典，庆祝（活动） in celebration of: 以庆祝……① birthday celebrations: 生日庆典② a party in celebration of their 50th wedding anniversary. 10. do without: 将就 If there is none left, we’ll have to do without. 如果没有剩余的，我们只好将就了。二、Grammar1. in one’s youth: 在……年轻时 He had been a talented musician in his youth. 2. let alone: 更不用说（多用于否定句，后接任何词性的词项。）① There isn’t enough room for us, let alone six dogs and a cat.② I haven’t decided on the menu, let alone bought the food. 我还没决定吃什么菜，更不用说买食物了。③ I have never thought of it, let alone did I do it. 我都没有想到它，更谈不上去做了。3. take up: vt. (1) 占用（时间∕空间）① Writing the paper took up most of my spare time.② The piano took up too much space. (2) 拿起 take up arms: 拿起武器4. show sb around sth: 带领某人参观…… Shown around the museum by the guide, we then went to the concert. 三、Project1. minority: n. 少数民族；少数（人） (1) be in the / a minority: 占少数 Girls are in the minority in our class. (2) 表示“少数”时，为集合名词。单独作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体或其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ① The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。② Only a minority of people support the new law. (3) the rights of ethnic minorities: 少数民族的权利2. job hunting: 求职，找工作 job hunter / job seeker: 求职者3. feast: ㈠ n. (1) 盛宴，宴会，节日 (2) 享受；赏心乐事(for) hold a feast: 举行盛宴 be a feast for sb / sth: 是......的享受∕盛宴 The evening concert was a real feast for music lovers / our eyes. ㈡ v. 盛宴款待；享受…… feast on sth: 尽情享用…… feast one’s eyes on sth: 尽情欣赏；饱览 feast sb with sth: 用…..款待∕宴请……① They are feasting on the roasted meat.他们正在尽情享用烤肉。② She feasted her eyes on the beauty of the valley.她饱览那山谷的美景。③ They feasted their guests with delicious food. 他们用美食招待客人。4. have power over sb / sth: 支配，控制 Humans can only have power over themselves, not the whole world.Unit 4 Helping people around the world一、Reading1. refer: v. (referred; referring) (1) refer to sth / sb: 提及，参考；查阅；涉及；指…… refer to sth as sth: 称……为……① refer to a dictionary.② Although he didn’t mention any name, everyone knew who he was referring to.③ Johnson referred to this discovery as a major breakthrough. (2) refer sth to sb: 把……提交给某人（以谋求帮助、指点、行动支持等） ① refer the patients to the specialist for treatment. 把病人交给专科医生治疗。 ② This dispute(争端) was referred to the UN. 该项争端已提交给联合国处理。2. ambassador: n. (1) 大使 (2) 使者，代表 the ambassador to sth: 驻……大使① He was appointed as ambassador to the US. 他被任命为驻美国大使。② The Queen was represented at the funeral by the British ambassador. 英国大使代表女王参加了葬礼。③ We are dinning the ambassador this week. 我们本周宴请大使。3. be honored to do sth: 做……感到荣幸 We are very honored to have you with us.4. assist sb with sth: assist sb (in) doing sth: 帮助某人…… assist sb to do sth: ① Can I assist you with these parcels? 我帮你拿这些包好吗？② We asked him to assist us in designing a new bridge.我们请他帮助我们设计一座新大桥。③ He will assist you to complete the task. 他将帮助你完成这项任务。5. worthy: adj. (1) 值得……的 (2) 值得尊敬的 (3) 有价值的be worthy of sth: 值得……sth be worthy of being done:sth be worthy to be done:……值得……① He is worthy of confidence. 他值得信任。② His advice is worthy of being considered / to be considered. 他的建议值得考虑。③ A worthy suggestion. 有价值的建议6. in addition: (=besides)除……以外，此外 in addition to sth: 除……以外① You need money and time; in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间；此外，你还需要努力。② She gets various perquisites(津贴) in addition to her wages.7. equal: adj. 平等的；相等的；能胜任的 n. 同等的人；相等物 vt. 等于，比得上 be equal to sth: 等于……(=equal sth)；能胜任…… have no equal / be without equal: 无与伦比① Equal pay for equal work: 同工同酬② One plus two is equal to three. / One plus two equals three.③ He is equal to the task. 他能胜任这项工作。④ Your feelings are always in full display, and once you lose patience, your violence would have no equal. 你总是喜形于色，一旦你失去耐心，你的暴力无人能及。⑤ No one equal him in strength.⑥ Equal the Olympic record: 平了奥运会纪录。8. draw one’s attention to sth: bring sth one’s attention: 使某人注意……① The victory of fighting reconstruction of their homeland.② He brought this fact to the people’s attention.the flood has drawn people’s attention to the 9. acquire: vt. (1) (正式)购得，得到 (2) 掌握，获得(知识，技能等) acquisition: [,ækwi′ziʃn] n. 习得，获得① acquire new language.② second language acquisition: 第二语言习得10. worthwhile: adj. (作表语，定语) (1) 重要的 (2) 值得花费……的 It is worthwhile doing sth / to do sth: 值得……① It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.② It is worthwhile to discuss the plan.③ They achieved a very worthwhile result.11. under the umbrella of sth: 在……保护下 He rescued the boy under the umbrella of the police.12. lack: n. & vt. 缺乏be lacking in sth: 缺乏……lack sth: 缺乏……a lack of sth: 缺乏（一般表示泛指） lack of sth: 缺乏（一般前面有限定词；再者就是固定搭配， 前面不加a）① He showed a complete lack of confidence.② The case was dismissed for lack of hard evidence. 因为缺乏可靠地证据，这个案件被驳回了。③ Lack of knowledge makes him very anxious.④ His reception of us was lacking in warmth. 他对我们的接待缺少热情。二、Word power1. loan: (1) n. 贷款；借出 ① repay a loan: 还贷 ② Thanks for the loan of your camera. (2) vt. 借出 loan sth to sb: 把……借给…… 2. inherit the heritage / carry on the heritage: 继承遗产1. means: n. (单复数同) 手段，方法 by all means: 当然可以 by no means: 绝不，一点也不 by means of sth: 借助，通过① ---Can I see it?---By all means.② By no means is she poor; in fact, she is quite rich. Can you loan these books to me now?三、Grammar③ Lift the load by means of a crane. 用起重机把重物吊起。④ There is no means of finding out what happened. 无法搞清楚发生了什么？⑤ All the means have been tried to help rescue the survivors in the earthquake.2. fetch: vt. (1) 去拿来；请来，找来 (2) 卖得(价格) fetch sb sth / fetch sth for sb: 给某人拿……① Honey, please go and fetch a doctor right now. ② Please fetch me some chalk.③ The painting is expected to fetch 200,000 yuan. 四、Project1. chaos: n. 凌乱，杂乱 in chaos: (= in a mess) 凌乱不堪 When I entered the room, I found everything is in chaos.2. shot: n. 注射 Tom had a fever, so the doctor gave him a shot. 3. (Page 62, Lines 11-12) The situation is very different here, so are the problems. →so + 助动词+ 主语: ……也一样 He has retired from work, so have the couple.4. on one’s way to sth: on the way to sth: 在去……的途中 Have you seen the 5. get hold of sth: vt. 得到，抓住 The baby got hold of the paper and began to tear it. 6. catch / get / take / grab / seize hold of sth: 抓住，握住，拿住…… ① Grab hold of the rope, and pull yourself up. 抓住绳子，自己爬上来。② He caught hold of Tom’s wrist, so Tom couldn’t get away. 7. the access to sth: ……的机会∕权利∕通道∕途径 ① The library enables students to have access to good books.② The only access to the village is by boat. 8. crowd: n. 人群 v. 挤满，塞满，使拥挤crowded: adj. 拥挤的be crowded with sth: 挤满了……crowd sb out: 排挤……；把……挤出crowds of sth: 成群的……① supporters crowded the stadium to welcome their dream hero.② The bigger software companies are crowding out small businesses. 9. be limited to sth: 局限于…… Such penalty shall be limited to 2% of the contract value. 该罚款不应超过合同总价的2%。10. think back to sth: 回想起，回忆起 The photographs made me think back to my schooldays.11. angle: n. 角，角度，夹角 from a new angle: 从新的角度① an angle of 45°： 一个45度的角。② We need to consider the issue from a new angle.③ My head struck the angle of the shelf. 12. make a difference to sth: 对……起作用∕有影响film “ On the Way to School”(上学路上)? Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health. 运动能对你的健康状况起到很大的作用。
