单项选择题分类解析系列
专题01单项选择题分类解析（冠词、名词和主谓一致）专题02单项选择题分类解析（代词）
专题03单项选择题分类解析（介词和介词短语）专题04单项选择题分类解析（形容词和副词）专题05单项选择题分类解析（动词和动词短语）专题06单项选择题分类解析（动词的时态和语态）专题07单项选择题分类解析（情态动词和虚拟语气）专题08单项选择题分类解析（非谓语动词）专题09单项选择题分类解析（定语从句）专题10单项选择题分类解析（连词和状语从句）专题11单项选择题分类解析（名词性从句）专题12单项选择题分类解析（特殊句式）专题13单项选择题分类解析（交际用语）
完形填空题分类解析系列
专题01记叙文完形填空专题02夹叙夹议完形填空
阅读理解题分类解析系列
专题01人物传记、故事类阅读理解专题02新闻报道、广告类阅读理解专题03社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解专题04科普类阅读理解专题05新题型阅读理解
书面表达题分类及选择讲评
专题01书面表达题分类及选择讲评（文字提纲式）专题02书面表达题分类及选择讲评（图画式）专题03书面表达题分类及选择讲评（开放式）
一、(2012课标卷)
第二节(共5小题 ,每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，项.
选项中有两项为多余选
1
Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed stress-like like talking
from time to time.
71 Some ways of dealing
with
screaming or hitting to someone you trust,
someone - don't solve（解决）much. But other ways, can lead you to solving
your problem or at least
feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support.
When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.
such as a parent or other relatives.
72 They might have
Talk to a trusted adult, pet.
(2) Don't take it out on yourself.
Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they
not a good idea. Remember that there
take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's (3) Try to solve the problem.
all, you can solve a piece of it. (4) Be positive.
especially
Most stress is temporary (
暂时的). Remember stress does go away,
when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These
had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved
are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73
After you're calm and you have support from adults
and friends, it's time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can't solve it
steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don't forget about your friends. G. Then, find a way to calm down.
二、(2012大纲卷)
2
第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Daughter：Dad. You love me, donFather：Of course, I do. 61
Daughter：Well, I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper, and …Father： 62
Daughter：Well, the phone is free Father：Ah, so that
’s the catch.
＄29.99, with 1,000 free
… after the 63
＄
50 I pay is returned to me.
(每小题1分)
’t you?
Daughter：Dad. All my friends have one. Father：Ah, I don’t know.
Daughter：But the monthly charge for this service is only
weekday minutes nationwide, and unlimited weekend minutes. Father：I don’t know.
Daughter：Please Dad. With the new phone you won
I’m driving the new car.Father： 65
Daughter：The new car you’ll need to buy so I can use the phone.
A. Ah… what’s on your mind?B. New car? What new car? C. Free? Nothing
’s ever free.
D. What did you do to the new car? E. And why on earth do you need a phone? F. They always charge a lot for the service. G. But what is the term of the service agreement? 这类题型都考的是语境理解。
’t have to worry about me while
【解析】根据下文女儿的话语：可知上文应该是手机使用费的问题。
the monthly charge for this service is only＄29.99,
三、(2012北京卷)
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。多余选项。
选项中有两项为
3
Empathy
Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability
to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply
over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer
Freed, a co-director
of a teen program, has another explanation.
shows full
Turn
on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality
of people fighting,
competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially
related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely
to have high self-respect.
Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness,
sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ “Academics are important. But if you don(情感的) intelligence, she says.
What’s the best way to up your EQ (and really listen to others. __75__
To really develop empathy, you
’d better volunteer at a nurs
ing home or a “sharing
hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
C. “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,
” Freed says.
by example—and most of the examples on it
are anything
but
D. Humans learn empathetic.
E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elsethink and how they feel. F. Good social skills
—including
empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence
”
that will help you succeed in many areas of life. G.. Having relationships
with other people is an important
part of being human—and
having empathy is decisive to those relationships.
—both what they
情商）? For starters, let down your guard
’t have emotional
”
you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,
4
四、(2012上海卷) Section C
Directions:
Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from
A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. When a child should learn to read B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading C. What if a child has reading problems D. How you prepare a young child for reading E. What is the best way to teach a child reading F. Whether reading early promises later achievements 该题型都是考查考生归纳段落主旨大意的能力的。76.
Learning to read early has become one of those indicators - in parents' minds at least – that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful
academically.
Research has shown that difficulty
5
with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual
child.
In some cases, there are neurological
problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.
77. Traditionally, teaching informally
American schools teach children in kindergarten
at age six, but many schools begin
If parents start too early
and pre-kindergarten.
to encourage reading,and 【答案】A
a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard
time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.
【解析】根据结合第一句和最后一句话“让孩子按照自己的步伐去学习”可知讨论的是何时让孩子学习。78.
Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the whole language approach, interested
which includes
reading
to children
“whole language\" and getting
them
method and the \"phonic\" method works best for a child to master reading. While the
in both the activity
of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful,
ability
phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a \"p\" and another a \"b\". Getting the print off the page requires a different than being able to understand the meaning of what is written. 【答案】E
【解析】根据第一句话“‘全语法’和‘语音法’是让孩子掌握阅读的最好方法”可知讨论的是教孩子阅读的最好方法。79.
You can start developing the skills training\"
needed in reading at a very young age without
ability
to
putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start \"ear
their child by playing rhyme games. This develops the child's
sounds. In reading to children,
recognize different
parents also can point to words
as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.
80.
Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who
have some kind of reading difficulty,
you must get a professional
diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky
for parents to deal with their
own child's
learning
6
disabilities. 【答案】C
【解析】根据本段第二句“孩子一旦在阅读上出现了困难，你就得找专家诊断”可知讨论的是孩子出现阅读问题，你该怎么办的问题。
五、(2012辽宁卷)
第二节（共5小题；每小题
2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Friends
Friendship
is a very important human relationship has many benefits.
and everyone needs good friends.
and
Good friendship
It offers companionship, improves self-worth
promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 1. Associate with others.
The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2.Start a conversation Starting 72 You 3. 73
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. 4.Let it grow.
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, naturally.
5.Enjoy your friendship
The best way to enjoy your friendship 75 Try
is to allow your friends
to be themselves.
not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become messages or visits
as this would likely
wear him or her out and finally
you may lose your friend. 74 . The b
est friendships are the ones that grow
a conversation
is the second most important step in making new friends.
Being able to make small talk is a very
can always start the conversation.
. But
for many of us the process is difficult
and requires
courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
useful skill in relating with other people.
the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A. Be cheerful. B. Do things together.
C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends.
E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
7
【解析】由后面“You can always start the conversation.始一个对话，所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话。
”可知，你要开
六、(2012陕西卷)
第二节（共5小题；毎小题
根据短文内容，从下框的
2分，满分10分）
A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡
A. Be well-organized. B. Close with a Q & A. C. Don’t be contradictory.D. Bring it to a specific end
E. Speak slowly and pause. F. Drop unnecessary words
本题属于概括总结题。
Speaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task61.
—especially when the speaker is co
nfusing. Don’t want to confuse
your audience? Follow these suggestions:
上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。
Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, difficult
to follow.
When you confuse your listeners
leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself, work to
which is very
you
with opposing information,
8
get the facts clear and straight. 63. 【答案】A
【解析】段落中多处出现
reorganize
organize
相关的次，如：A.
ion. And it
’s confusing for them
more easily.
for your lack of organization综合整个段落，建议就是演讲时要有
，
，Just be sure to organize.
条理，要组织的好。所以选
Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (责任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organizatto listen, reorganiz
e, and figure out what you
’re saying all at once. But going
smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information You can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. Just be sure to organize. .
Repeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy. It makes the speaker sound uncertain listeners so annoyed that they can
and unprepared, and it can leave
’t pay attention. Recently I attended a speech
that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes. Was anybody grasping the intended message? Um, probably not. 65.
M
any speakers finish up their speeches with question-and-answer (Q & A) sessions, but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end. The audience is often left a favour by setting
a time limit
”
“Thanks for your time.
”
七、(2012四川卷)
第二节
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，
（共5小题；每小题
并在答题卡上将
该项涂黑。选项中有两项多余选项。—What seems to be the problem? — 61
—How long have you been like this? —Since Saturday night. —____ 62
—Yes, I also feel lighthearted.
2分，满分10分）
on questions,
confused
about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave. Do your listeners
and close your speech with a specific “If you have any more questions,
you
signal—even if it’s something simple like, know where to reach me.
Or even more to the point, conclude your speech with
9
—Can you think of anything you ate Saturday that might have caused it? —All I can think of is the fish I had. It didn—____ 63 better soon. —____
—I also suggest that you follow a special diet. —____ 65
—You should stick to eating lighter foods. A.What’s that?B.That might be it. C.Thank you, doctor. D.Any other problems? E.I have a running nose. F.Have you seen a doctor? G.I have a terrible stomachache.
’t taste quite right.
Now I’ll give you some medicine. Take it and you should be feeling
八、(2012广东卷)
第二节信息匹配（共字母涂黑。
首先阅读下列某实习编辑从一组读者来信中整理出来的关键备忘信息：A
Hobbies: reading, listening to music and watching birds
Purpose: asking for spare copies of textbooks, teaching materials or journals B
Hobbies: reading, singing and traveling
Purpose: learning about ideas of teaching professionals in the world C
5小题；每小题
2分，满分10分）
请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，
并按照要求匹配信息。
10
Hobbies: role-playing, listening to music and collecting nice things
Purpose: communicating with new friends among English teachers from the UK and the USA D
Hobbies: reading and exchanging fancy gifts Purpose: exchanging ideas on teaching methods E
Hobbies: listening to western pop music, exchanging gifts and collecting things Purpose: making friends F
Hobbies: swimming, cycling and raising cats and dogs
Purpose: finding pen friends all over the world and communicating in English 以下信函为上面关键备忘信息的来源。起来。
46.【答案】F
【解析】根据“I would like to have pen friends all over the world for my students.
They are aged 15-19 and good at swimming, cycling and raising cats and dogs.”得到答案。
Dear Editor,
I am a secondary school teacher of English. I would like to have pen friends all over the world for my students. They are aged 15-19 and good at swimming, cycling and raising cats and dogs. If students in your country are interested in corresponding with Turkish students in English, please tell them to write to my address, so that I can distribute their letters to my students who are willing to have friends and are in need of practice.
Ms. Imbat 81030, Istanbul Turkey 47.【答案】A 【解析】根据“
My hobbies are reading, listening to music and watching birds.
any spare copies if text books, teaching materials
”得到答案
”
和“I would appreciate or journalsDear Editor,
I am interested in corresponding with other TEFL teachers and researchers about issues of professional development. I would like to share ideas with fellow teachers from
English-speaking countries throughout the world. My hobbies are reading, listening to music and watching birds.
Ms. Juliana Sirait 21214,Kisaran Indonesia 48.【答案】C 【解析】根据“
I am interested in role-playing and team work,
”“collecting nice
Since I live in a rather isolated
area, I would appreciate
any spare copies
if text books, teaching materials or journals that other teachers would be able to send me.
为有效管理资料，请将关键备忘信息与信函原件匹配
with both fellow teachers and students of English around the world
and ideas about local customs and conventions
11
things, listening to music, reading and traveling.to make new friends 等信息得到答案。
Dear Editor I am a 33-year-old new friends Scandinavia.
”以及“I would like
the USA,”
among English teachers mainly from English,
secondary school teacher of English in Hungary. I would like to make
teachers
mainly
from English,
the USA, Switzerland,
and
in role-playing
and team work, I would also like to correspond
among English I am interested
with colleagues all over the world with the same hobbies as mine: collecting nice things, listening to music, reading and traveling.
Mariann Nyari
6724, Szeged , Tavasz1/B Hungary 49.【答案】B 【解析】根据“
I enjoy reading. Singing, traveling
and so on.”和“so I would like
out there in the world.”
to know some of the ideas of all you professionals 得到答案。Dear Editor,I am a 23-year-old
Peace Corps Volunteer teaching secondary English in Equatorial
Guinea.
This is my first experience teaching formally, so I would like to know some of the ideas of all you professionals out there in the world. Letters do not have to be all business.
When the school day ends, I would enjoy hearing from you. I enjoy reading. Singing, traveling and so on.
Kury W.Cobham AP Box 456 Equatorial Guinea 50.【答案】E 【解析】根据“
My interests are letter writing, listening to western pop music,
exchanging gifts, and collecting stamps, maps, picture postcards and coins.”和“I’d be happy to make friends with both fellow teachers and students of English around the world.
Dear Editor,
I’m a 30-year-old teacher of English at a middle school. I’d be happy to make friends with both fellow teachers and students of English around the world. I also wish to find pen-friends for my students between 13 and 20 years old. My interests are letter writing, listening to western pop music, exchanging gifts, and collecting stamps, maps, picture postcards and coins.
Mr.S. Thevachandra 47/1,Kalm Unai Sri Lanka
九、(2012浙江卷)
第二节：下面文章中有项是多余选项。
5处（第61–65题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（
A、B、C、D、
E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一
”得到答案。
12
本道题在于带着一些关键词快速阅读把标题和段落配对。A. Slow Down Your Life B. Escape Now and Then C. Separate Your Actions D. Allow Yourself to Be Weak
E. Relieve Pressure by Firmly Saying \"No\" F. Stop Expecting Everything to Be Perfect
How to Simplify Your Life
Less
is more. This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them,
it up, relax instead of stressing,
slow down instead
get rid of junk instead of piling
of speeding up. Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way. You will then find yourself well along on your journey to simplification. 61.__________
When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didn't even know you had. Just imagine: you are at a fair and you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards. If you keep grabbing one and then the other, it will take forever, because one of them will if you tie one pig in a
keep slipping
out from under your arm and running off. But
all your strength and make
run back and get the other one, and
place, pick up the other, gather
a dash for the finish line, pause for a moment, sure of success.
with great determination, carry the second pig to the finish line, then you can be
62._________
The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations. family,
the expectations
are now concentrated on the individual partner.
If you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough for all the things you need to do, then it's not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. private life or your working life. 【答案】E 【解析】关键词
Relieve Pressure
和文中的pressure。
A simple fact that overloaded people often tend to forget.
The solution is equally simple: refuse to accept so many work assignments in your
In the modern nuclear
that formerly would have been shared among all the relatives
13
.__________
\" If only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever, then I would be happier. \" This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill, depressed, and unhappy. Life has its flaws, defects, can lead a really fu]] life.
Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous: driving a car; crossing the road. But life 【答案】F 【解析】关键词65._________
Successful people all have their own places where they can withdraw in order to work. Find out which places improve your creativity. For me it's the train. When I know that I'm going to be traveling
for four hours without phone calls and people
of course: if the person sitting
opposite
knocking on my door, I find my mind is free and I can read or write complex articles. There can be problems working on the train, after a few miles). 【答案】B 【解析】关键词
escape 和文中的withdraw。
十、(2012安徽卷)
第一节任务型读写（共
10小题；每小题
1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Traveling
to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global
’t mean that we all behave in t
he same way.
time? An American shakes
village, but this doesnyour hand firmly
you keeps talking away, or if train traps make you tired ( some people fall asleep
Stop Expecting
和文中的dream。doesn't consist entirely
of these things.
In among them
there is a lot of room for small and large mistakes.
corners,
and edges. Only those who accept this reality
How should we behave when you meet someone for the first
while looking you straight
is no physical contact (接触)at all.
in the eye. In many part of Asia, there
In Japan, you should bow, and the more respect
you want to show, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest. In both countries, eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect.
Many countries countries,
have rules about what you should and shouldn’t wear. In Muslim
women, who Should wear
you shouldn’t reveal (显露)the body, especially
14
long blouses and skirts .In Korea, you should take off your shoes when entering a house. Remember to place then neatly together where you came in.
In Spain, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Mexico, lunch is the time to relax, and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat .In Britain, itIn most countries,
’s not unusual to have a business meeting over br
eakfast.
an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions.
If you are going to a country
You should include your company name and your position. printed
where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card
in the local language. In China, you may present your card with the writing
Title :good(76)
Aspect
●America
(77)
●Japan ●Thailand
●(79)________Countries
Dressing
Korea ●Spain
Eating
●Mexico
●(82)___________
Country
Custom
■Shaking hands firmly ■(78)_____to show respect
■Pressing both hands together at the chest
■Wearing long blouses and skirts ■Taking
off
your
shoes
at
the
(80)___________
■Having a light breakfast and a late dinner
■Relaxing while ■Holding breakfast
Doing business
●Most countries ●China
Conclusion:
■Exchanging ■Presenting
business a card
to
cards a person
when(83)_______yourself
(84)________it’s front facing him
When traveling (85) ________, we should follow local customs.
having (81)__________
ess meeting over
a busin
facing the person you are giving it to.
15
十一、(2012湖南卷)
Section A (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Since the earliest maintain reliable
civilizations,
people have controlled agricultural
rivers
to meet needs, for
society's demands. Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to
water supplies for daily,
and industrial
power generation, for navigation (engineering
works, including
航行), and to prevent flooding.
a term that covers a range of river
and stabilization
widening, deepening, straightening
River control is achieved by channelization, of banks, and by the construction of dams.
An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9'th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically
changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows
16
through Hungary. The controlling land for agriculture,
of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make
included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲), shortening
the river's length by nearly 400 kilometers.
One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them. The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21
st
century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some
environmental
changes
towering more than 200 meters in height.
Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant that prove harmful. Some particularly deep reservoirs (
水库) can bring about
earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways: water volume, speed and quality among plants and animals.
are all affected,
leading to changes in the landscape and
【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人们控制河流的原因及方式。
17
十二、(2012江苏卷) 第四部分：任务型阅读（共
10小题:每小题1分,满分10分）
中的空格里填入了个最恰当的单词。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
\"Happiness Advantage\" Effect
In July 2010 Burt's Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone's anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex ( responsible for effective problem solving.
Burt's Bees's then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different He'd interrupt
his own presentations
approach. Each day, he'd
send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing.
to remind his managers to talk with their teams
three-hour
session with
about the company's values.
He asked me to further a
大脑皮层) , which is
employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the
18
senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang's emphasis on developing positive
leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.
That outcome shouldn't surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(creativity,
思维模式), performance on nearly every level
—productivity,
involvement—improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood
driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. \" Once I get a promotion, 111 be happy,\" they think. Or, \"Once I hit my sales target, IH feel great. \" But because success is a moving targetyou hit your target, you raise it againdoes not last long.
In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge.
I call this the \"happiness advantage\"—every
business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I'm not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic
studies,
researchers
found
strong
evidence
of
cause-and-effect
relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.
Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one's general sense of well-being you form, the way you interact
with colleagues,
is surprisingly
unstable. The habits
how you think about stress—all these
—as soon as
—the happiness that results from success
can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.
19
最近一项研究表明，一个人的幸福感可能会决定是否能够成功。所以在企业中，若经理保持着乐观的管理态度，体贴员工，这将使员工的幸福感增强，从而更愿意投入到工作中。
20
十三、(2012天津卷) 第一节：阅读表达（共
5小题；每小题
2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment
didn’t stop her from going forward. Instead,
she became interested
in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against
herself
and the obstacles
presented
by distance,
danger,
cold,
and
exhaustion.
For ten years Nyad devoted herself setting
to becoming one of the world’s best
long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario,
the women’s record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming
102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.
Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba.
That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; believed she had touched the other shore.
When Nyad ended her things---travelling
career
as a swimmer, she continued
writing
to
try
new
the world as a reporter,
books and giving
public
she
21
speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.
56. What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 57. What does the underlined word
“obstacles” mean? (1 word)
___________________________________________________________________________ 58. What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)
________________________________________________________________________________
59. Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________ 60. Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words) _________________________________________________________________
______________
十四、(2012上海卷)
Section D Directions
: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the
and nineteen)
and
statements in the fewest possible words.
While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen
22
their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and
the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.
This pattern of age segregation(until
the beginning
separated children reduction
from adults,
隔离) in American society did not become usual
society.
Changes in the workplace
attending
school.
with adults working and children
of the industrialized
The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the
in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults.
century,
which resulted
School reform efforts
during the nineteenth
in age-segregated schools and grades,
have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered emergence of adolescent peer culture. increased dramatically,
a factor that may have contributed to the From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population
from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number
of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.
Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking activity.
In a typical
to their friends
than engaging in any other
week, high school students will spend twice as much time with
parents) account for only 25 percent
of adolescent
peer
their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. Ln sixth grade, adults (excluding culture is its increasingly autonomous (
of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic groups are conducted under the close supervision so.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in WORDS.)
81.\"This pattern of age segregation\" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from
NO MORE THAN EIGHT
自治的) function.While childhood peer
of parents, adolescent peer groups
typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing
83.When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults? 【答案】In early adolescence
【解析】根据第三段中“This gradual
withdrawal
from adults
begins in early
23
adolescence.”可以推知答案。
84.How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?
【答案】They have less close supervision of parents/They manage to escape adult supervision/they are increasingly autonomous. 【解析】通过第三段中“
While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close
”可以推知答案。
supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.
十五、(2012湖南卷)
Section B (10 mark.)
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.
Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago. I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself, this is going to be easy. Within four hours of my first
shift
(.轮班)， I had angry customers who
complained how slow I was. I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere, and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear \"Mike, there's a problem in the men's bathroom and you might want gloves for this one.\" I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic.
The manager expected a clean environment and particularly,
work at that restaurant
fast service
with a friendly smile.
Over three years later I still
whenever I go home during
vacations. I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am. Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees. They chat
with us workers and joke around. Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.
From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive
no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry
the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life. 81. Why did the author apply everywhere that summer?
(No more than 12 words) (2 marks)
82．What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do?
(No more than 14 words) (3 marks)
83．Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations?
(No more than 13 words) (No mom dm II words)
(2 marks)
(3 marks)
84. What did the author learn from his first job?
24
十六、(2012江西卷)
第一节求）。
[1]Stamp collectors usually collect stamps only from certain countries or regions.
The traditional
method of stamp collecting
is to organize stamp collection
according to the issue dates.
[2]Of course, there are many ____________. You can collect stamps relating to a particular theme. For example, sport lovers may choose the Olympic theme. They try their best to find Olympic stamps issued by various parts of the world every four years. Some of them may want to concentrate on even more specific sport activities like ball games, gymnasium, swimming, etc.
[3]If you like astronomy, you may be keen on collecting stamps describing the stars, planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc. once you have fixed the topic, you no longer need to bother about stamps other than the theme you selected. put all your effort to collect the stamps around it.
[4]China issues zodiac animal stamps (十二生肖邮票) every year to celebrate Lunar New Year. They are extremely popular and a lot of collectors wait patiently for 12 years to collect
a full
set of them. ’s Lunar New Year special stamp
and final
set was issued
series began in 2000 with the Year of Dragon and the twelfth animal stamps, which attract a lot of attention as well.
[5]You may choose any theme you like. However, you should bear in mind an essential point. The topic you choose should not be too narrow. Otherwise, it is very difficult
to accumulate stamps around the topic.
You will be depressed and even
lose your interest in collecting stamps.
[6]Collecting stamps with these is especially popular among teenagers because there is a wide range of choices for them. The main challenge is how you organize and expand your collection around your theme. 76. What is the main idea of the passage?
（no more than 5 words
）
___________________________________________________________________________
the
Then, you can
阅读表达（共
5小题；每小题
2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要
in 2011, the Year of Rabbit. Recently some Western countries have issued zodiac
25
77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. （no more than 5 words）
Of course, there are many ____________________________________________. 78. What should you do if you want to collect a full set of zodiac animal stamps?
（no more than 7 words
）
_______________________________________________________________________________ 79. List the three general themes in collecting stamps mentioned in the passage. （3 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________ 80. What does the word \"them\"
（Line2, Paragraph6
） probably refer to?
（1 word）
_______________________________________________________________________________
十七、(2012山东卷) 第一节阅读表达（共后面的词数要求）。
[1] Ashley Power
’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When
’t find
”
And one day she thought, “If I had my own
she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldnanywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. website, I
[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen,
’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.
5小题，每小题
3分，满分15分）
（请注意76至79四个小题
阅读下面短文并回答问题，
然后将答案写到答案卡相应的位置上
she launched her own website, calledGoosehead.
She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los
26
Angeles, was asked to write a book called “All About Ashley,
The Goosehead Guide to Life.
The book is
about how to design a website and start a business. a company when you are only sixteen.
It begins with a section called
” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of
“ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot
—I didn’t even have a ’d be stressed, too
！
of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you“
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their
own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when _______, because I heard ‘yes’!”
本文是一篇人物介绍。美国女孩
Ashley 16岁独自创办青少年社交网站
GooseHead，大
获成功。几年后，Ashley又出版The GooseHead Guide to Life一书，畅谈人生感受，
与读者分享少年得志的喜悦，倾诉成功带来的压力和烦恼，并为有意自主创业的青少年提出指导和建议。
76. For what purpose did Ashley create
____________
【答案】She wanted to create an interesting website for teenagers. 【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she
couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she
thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”（她经常上网，但是找不到一个网站可以让她遇见青少年并且和青少年交流。因此，有一天她想到如果她有自己的网站，她一定会让这个网站成为属于青少年的真正有意思的网站。）可知，他想创办一个属于青少年的真正有意思的网站。77. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
____________
【答案】Ashley’s GooseHead was a big success. Power’s website became a success.【解析】主旨大意题。这一段的关键词是his website和successful，因此可以总结出其大意。
78. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after
more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
？（no more than 6 words
）
____________________________________________________________________________
‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear
GooseHead?(no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
GooseHead closed down?(no
27
80. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】you hear ‘no’
【解析】细节理解题。由后句中的because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until
you hear ‘yes’!” ……因为我经常听到“no”，要一直努力下去，直到你听到
“yes”！可以推断，此处表达的应该是“听到附一：情景对话（2012陕西卷）第二节
情景对话(共5小題;每小题1分，满分5分)
从对话后所给的选项中选出能填人每一空白处的最佳选项，
并在
根据对话情景和内容，
‘no’”。
答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两个为多余选项。
Repairman: Good afternoon. 6 Customer: Hello. My mobile phone isnRepairman: 7
Customer: It worked well yesterday, but I simply couldnmorning.
Repairman: 8 Customer: Here you are.
Repairman: Well，I think we’ll be able to fix it. You can pick it up this Friday. Customer: Oh, no. That
’s too long.
9 I need it as soon as possible.
Repairman: Let me see. How about Wednesday afternoon? Customer: 10 What time? Repairman: After five oCustomer: Ok. Thank you. A. That’s great. C. Let me have a look. E. I’m sorry to hear that. G. I wonder if you could fix it earlier. 这类题型都考的是语境理解。
B. I beg your pardon? D. What’s the problem?
F. What can I do for you?
’clock
’t tu
rn it on this
’t working. Could you repair, please
?
28
附二：短文填词第一节短文填词（共
10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）
76.
People often don’ t do what they really want to for fear of failure. You don't apply for a job _____ case you don't ______
get it. You don't perform at the school concert b ____ others
77. ______
might laugh at you. A lack of confidence can l____ to a lot ______
of suffering. The key to o____ this problem is to believe in
79. ______
yourself. This might be _____(______
are many w_____ to help you do this. Talk about your problem ______
with a friend or look _____ advice on the Internet. Imagine ______
yourself being _____(______
to keep you calm when you get nervous. And the ____ important ______
thing is: believe you can do it. When you've _____ (______
that, you are well on your way. 【答案】76. in easier 81. ways
77. because 82. for
78. lead 83. successful
79. overcoming
84. most
80.
85.
学会）to do
85. 84.
成功）and practise breathing techniques
83. 82. 81.
容易)said than done, but there
80. 78.
29
learned/learnt 附三：短文改错1.（2012课标卷）第一节短文改错（共
10小题；每小题
1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）删除：把多余的词用斜线〔
〕划掉。
，并在其下面写出该加的词。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第
11处起）不计分。
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, \"That's it. No more toys to you.\" My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.
30
2. (2012第二节
陕西卷)
短文改错(共10小题；每小题
1.5分，满分15分}
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（删除：把多余的词用斜线（修改：在错的词下划一横线（一）
有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
A )，并在其下面写出该加的词。，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。\\ )划掉。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.
We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet
connection in the room. I checked my email messages every
day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.
It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.
76.【答案】visit-visited
【解析】根据时间状语77.【答案】but-so/and
【解析】前后文是顺延或因果关系，故连词用78.【答案】to去掉
【解析】anywhere是指地点的副词，其前不用介词。79.【答案】comfortably-comfortable
【解析】修饰名词80 【答案】were-was
【解析】what引导的主语从句做主语，其意思是单数，故系动词81.【答案】for –with
【解析】动词
share常与介词with构成搭配，意思是：和某人分享。
82.【答案】taking-taken
【解析】非谓语动词作后置定语，与所修饰词是被动关系，故用过去分词。
were改为was。
room，应用形容词。
and或so。
last month
可知本句时态是一般过去时，故动词用过去式。
Beijing
31
83.【答案】dish-dishes
【解析】由several
修饰，名词应用复数。
84.【答案】such ∧great-a
【解析】hotel是可数名词单数，第一次提到，前需加不定冠词。85.【答案】me-mine
【解析】双重所有格的构成是3. (2012
四川卷)
10小题；每小题
1.5分，满分15分）
对标有题号的每一行作出判断：
如无错误，在该行右边横
短文改错（共
of +名词性物主代词或名词所有格。
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。
线上画一个沟（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正；
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（／）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词。并也用斜线划
掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改Dear Mom,
Mother’s Day is coming. I’m sorry that I am abroad
_________
and can’t send your flowers, so I’m writing to you.
_________
Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to you 68.
_________
before. But on today, at this special time, I just want to tell _________
you loudly: I love you, Mom! Thank you so much by not 70.
_________
only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good _________
person. Thank you for all you had done for me. Mom, though 72.
_________
I may often say it, I do love you. Nobody can take your _________
part in my heart. Whenever I am, I will always love you. _________
Hope you good health and much happiness every day! 75.
_________
Your little girl, Jennifer
66. 67.
69.
71. 73. 74. 32
【解析】考查连词。根据句意：无论我在哪里，我总是爱你的。75.【答案】Hope改为Wish。
【解析】考查动词辨析。动词4.(2012浙江卷) 第一节:短文改错（共
10小题；每小题
1分，满分10分）
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文有
假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，
hope后不能接双宾语，应用
wish符合语境和语法规则。
10 处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改had an accident and hit
another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital
for at least two week. I called
my parents, so I did
not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore,
I told them interested
stories
and how I was enjoying Brazil.
As a result,
nobody
knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do.
10 处，多者（从第
11 处起）不计分。
Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I
33
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