国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷201(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷201 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文： M: Margaret Welch was born in Philadelphia in 1901. She began her studies at DePauw University in 1919, but after a year she transferred to study at Barnard University, majoring in sociology. She received her undergraduate degree from Barnard in 1923. She ultimately acquired a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1929. She married Dr. Reo Fortune in 1928. Together they wrote Growing Up In New Guinea , published in 1930. Welch worked with her husband on another book called Balanese Character that was published in 1942. At the age of 23, Dr. Welch undertook a field study in the South Pacific. The experience resulted in her writing of her highly popular book Coming of Age in Samoa, published in 1928. Dr. Welch’s interests and writings centered on religions. She worked in the Department of Anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History from 1926 through to the end of her life. She was a professor of anthropology at Columbia starting in the year 19, working with her old associate Ruth Benedict. She wrote a book entitled An Anthropologist at Work About Benedict. It was published in 1959. Margaret Welch died in 1978.

1．

正确答案：sociology

解析：这里考她的专业，注意sociology的拼写。

2．

正确答案：1930

解析：数字题是听力考试中的重点兼难点，考生需要准确写出数字，尤其是分辨一teen和一ty两个常考音节。很多人会写成1913，除了粗心错误外，还有不善利用已给信息的弱点，因为前面的已明确告诉“她1928年结婚”这一信息，

然后又说到她和丈夫共同撰写的书1930年出版。两个年份注意都不能写出year，因为只能写一个词。

3．

正确答案：23

4．

正确答案：religions

解析：此题失分的可能性比较大，注意religions是复数，因为此词前没有a或the，而且前面有介词on，所以不是形容词。

5．

正确答案：19

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文：You will hear a radio weather forecast. Answer questions 6 — 10 while you listem. Use not more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You novo have 25 seconds to read the questions.(Pause 00’25”)(Tone) W: Hello. It’s been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures in southeast England reached twenty-six degrees centigrade by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had fifteen hours of lovely sunshine. But already the weather is beginning to change, I’m afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales by early morning. The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than fifteen degrees in the south, a little cooler—eleven degrees or so—in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly, to leave a mild, dry night there, too. And now, the outlook for Friday and the weekend, well, southern Europe will once again get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of thirty-four degrees along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sun-shine and temperatures of up to thirty-two degrees centigrade in Greece and south-east Italy* but further north the weather’s not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain and maximum temperatures will be around twenty-two degrees- very disappointing for this time of the year. Scotland and Northern Ireland willl have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool seventeen degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out temperatures could rise to a

maximum of twenty-three degrees.

6． When will showers reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales?

正确答案：(by early next) morning/early tomorrow morning/in/on the early morning/Friday morning

7． What will the minimum temperature be in the south during the night?

正确答案：(no lower than) 15°(C)/fifteen(degrees) (centigrade)

8． On what day of the week do you think this weather forecast was given?

正确答案：Thursday

9． What will be the general feeling about the weekend in the Netherlands?

正确答案：(very) disappointing/(very) depressing/dissatisfactory/most people will feel disappointing/depressing/dissatisfactory

10． What part of England will be cloudy and dry over the weedend?

正确答案：most of England/across most of England/in most parts of England/most of it

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文：Questions 11 — 13 are based on the following talk about cloning. What is cloning? Cloning is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNA from a single “parent”, by passing the normal reproductive process. The clone has the same DNA as the parent.The most common process takes DNA from one cell and puts it into a hollowed-out egg. Chemicals and electricity are then used to encourage the new DNA to fuse with the egg and develop into an embryo. This technique is called nuclear transfer. The first cloned animal in human history is a sheep called Dolly. It is very important because it was the first mammal to be cloned using DNA taken from an adult cell. Previously, animals had only been cloned using embryo cells, which already have the potential to become a complete embryo in its own right. The big breakthrough with Dolly was to make a clone from an ordinary, adult cell. When it comes to the question of whether cloned animals are normal and healthy, the answer is YES. Dolly is, but scientists do not yet know whether this is the exception

or the rule. Some early evidence suggests that clones may have health problems and that they may age prematurely. With the birth of Dolly, many people are worried that a human clone may be born soon. It’s possible in theory. But the technology of reproductive cloning is still in its very early stages and there is much that scientists do not understand. What’s more, human cloning is already banned by law in the United Kingdom. The former President of the United States Bill Clinton proposed banning research into producing human clones in the US for five years. Some measures have also been taken to establish international agreements banning live human clones.

11． What has cloning bypassed? A．The nuclear transfer B．The process taking DNA

C．The normal reproductive process D．The creation of cells

正确答案：C

12． What’s the big breakthrough with Dolly, the first cloned animal? A．It makes a clone from an ordinary, adult cell.

B．It makes the first normal and healthy cloned animal. C．It paves the way to the cloning of human beings. D．It makes a cloned animal with only mother.

正确答案：A

13． Which country first passed the law banning human cloning? A．The United States B．The United Kingdom C．Switzerland D．Russia

正确答案：B

听力原文：Questions 14—16 are based on the talk about No Tobacco Day. People in all parts of the world are observing “No Tobacco Day.” It is the day when the World Health Organization(WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. The WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or chewing tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. The day includes special observances and awards ceremonies in 166 countries. The target group for this year’s “No Tobacco Day” is women. Organizers want to make sure women know the dangers of smoking. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other problems. The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least 2,500,000 people each year. Still, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. The effects of it are similar to the effects of cocaine and heroin. “No Tobacco

Day” is aimed at smokers and those who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. Two important developments have been observed in recent years. In industrial countries, the number of smokers has been falling about one percent a year. But in developing countries, the number has been rising two percent a year. This is the result of increased efforts by tobacco companies to sell their products in developing countries. The World Health Organization has approved plans to help reach its goal of a ‘ smoke-free’ world. One urges governments to offer tobacco farmers the chances to earn money by growing other crops. Another involves improved public information campaigns about the dangers of smoking.

14． What is the target group for this year’s “No Tobacco Day”? A．Children under 16

B．Men between 20 and 33 years old C．Women

D．Old people with serious diseases

正确答案：C

15． What is. the recent important development observed in developing countries?

A．The number of smokers has been falling about 2 percent a year. B．The number of smokers has been rising 20 percent a year. C．The number of smokers has been rising 2 percent a year. D．The number of smokers has been falling 20 percent a year.

正确答案：C

16． What is the good of the World Health Organization? A．To set a “smoke-free” world

B．To teach the people in developing countries a lesson C．To forbid farmers to grow tobacco

D．To forbid smokers to buy tobacco products

正确答案：A

听力原文：Questions 17 — 20 are based on a report about high style cameras. With its 2x optical zoom lens, 3. 2 megapixels and the size of a credit card, the Canon Digital PowerShot s230 camera, introduced in September, 2002, might strike some as a marvel. But the company is betting that its new target market of young white-collar women, who have not been the primary buyers of digital cameras, will love the tiny wonder for its look. Inspired by companies like Nokia, which early on emphasized design in an effort to sell cellphones to the increasingly style-conscious public, camera makers, too, are now promoting their products as fashion accessories.

Canon is among a growing number of manufacturers playing up not only the latest in fancy technology but also what marketers call the “cool factor,” a combination of high-tech features and streamlined, compact design. In its print and television ad campaigns, the Canon PowerShot dangles from a clothes hanger. “Stainless steel goes with everything,” the copy reads. Casio, the maker of the Exilim, has taken a similar style. Its print ads show a photo of a fashionable young woman in jeans, her compact digital protruding from her hip pocket over the slogan “No visible camera lines. “ Now that digital technology is no longer a novelty, Sony is also seeking a new group of consumers, mostly women in their 20’s and early 30’s. And the latest of Sony’s print ads features a shapely blonde sheathed in a clingy black dress, an ATM-card-size CyberShot U suspended like a necklace. “It looks like cool jewelry, and that’s the point,” Jim Malcolm, Sony’s senior marketing manager for digital cameras, said.

17． What is Canon Digital PowerShot s230 camera’s size? ______ A．Similar to a credit card. B．Similar to a necklace. C．Similar to a cigarette box. D．Similar to a dressing case.

正确答案：A 解析：问题是：“Canon Digital PowerShot s230照相机的大小如何?”，正确答案是“类似于一张信用卡。”，其依据是“With its 2x optical zoom lens，3．2 megapixel and the size ofa credit card，the Canon Digital PowerShot s230 camera．．．”。

18． What are the target consumers of Digital PowerShot s230 camera? ______ A．Young white-collar men.

B．Middle-aged white-collar men. C．Young white-collar women.

D．Middle-aged white-collar women.

正确答案：C 解析：问题是：“Canon Digital PowerShot s230照相机的目标消费者是谁?”，正确答案是“年轻的白领女性”，其依据是“…its new target market of young white-collar women，who have not been the primary buyers of digital cameras，will love the tiny wonder for itslook．”。关键是“target”一词，表示“目标”。

19． There is an ad that shows a photo of a fashionable blonde sheathed in a clingy black dress, an ATM-card-size camera suspended like a necklace. Which company takes this ad? ______

A．Canon. B．Sony. C．Nokia. D．Casio.

正确答案：B 解析：问题是：“有一则广告，是一个穿紧身黑衣的金发女郎的照片。一个只有信用卡大小的照相机像项链一样挂在她的脖子上。是哪家公司采用了这个广告?”，正确答案是“Sony”，其依据是“And the latest of Sony’s print ads features a fashionable blondesheathed in a clingy black dress，an ATM-card-size camera suspended like a necklace．”在此文中，出现了很多为人们所熟悉的品牌，例如：Canon，Sony，Nokia，Casio等等，需要考生加以辨析。

20． According to the report, which of the following sentences is NOT true? ______

A．Now manufacturers are seeking a combination of high-tech features and “cool” design.

B．Those young white-collar women have not been the primary buyers of digital cameras.

C．Digital technology is still a novelty nowadays.

D．The Canon Digital PowerShot s230 camera is introduced in September, 2002.

正确答案：C 解析：问题是：“根据报道，以下哪个句子是不正确的?”，正确答案是“数字技术仍旧是一个新鲜事物”，其依据是“Now that digital technology is no longer a novelty，Sony is alsoseeking a new group of consumers，mostly women in their 20’s and early 30’s．”。要注意问题是“哪个句子是不正确的”，可以采取排除法进行判断。

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and 21 millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions 22 as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit 23 from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities 24 each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly 25 crowds of over 90, 000. Basketball’s national collegiate championship game is a TV 26 on a par with(与......相同或相似) any other sporting event in the United States, 27 perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can 28 one’s TV set and see the top athletic programs—from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford— 29 in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselves are 30 and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify 31 teenagers and then go into high schools to 32 the country’s best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about 33 coaches can recruit—no recruiting calls after 9 p.m. , only one official visit to a campus—but they are often bent and sometimes 34 . Top college football programs 35 scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those

student-athletes, when they arrive 36 campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc. In return, the players 37 the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges 38 two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, it’s back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp 39 and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins 40 . During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.

21．

A．attribute B．distribute C．devote D．attach

正确答案：C

解析：devote此题属于语意搭配题。devote(to)表示“奉献，把……专用于”，如：They devote eachSaturday to the care of homeless people．原句意为：在美国，主要大学每年在体育运动上要投入数百万美元，故选项[C]devote正确。其他选项均可与to连用，但意思不符：[A]attribute(to)表示“归因于”；[B]distribute表示“分配”；[D]attach(to)表示“加于……之上”，如：No blame attaches to him for the accident．全句可译为：几乎所有的主要大学都开展橄榄球、棒球、篮球与曲棍球项目，每年在体育运动上要投入数百万美元。

22． A．out B．by C．in D．back

正确答案：D

解析：back此题属于语法题。此处需一个副词与句中的动词earn连用，earn back意为“挣回”，文中上一句提到美国的大学每年花费数百万美元，下一句提到电；况转播费、赞助费等均属于收入，因此是挣回的钱，故选项[D]back正确。选项[B]by与动词earn连用，意为“通过某种方式挣钱”；选项[A]out和选项[C]in均不符合题意。全句可译为：但多数学校通过电视转播费、赞助费也能挣回数百万美元。

23．

A．directly B．indirectly C．apart D．indirect

正确答案：B

解析：indirectly此题属于语意搭配题。indirectly表示“间接地”，此处缺一个副词修饰benefit，说明得到好处的方式，根据句中的the added publicity可知这并非直接的经济收益而是间接的收益，故选项[B]indirectly符合题意。其他选项：[A]directly与题意相反；[C]apart;[D]indirect均不符合句意和结构。全句可译为：这些学校通过球队所获得的知名度的提高则是间接的收益。

24．

A．compete for B．compete in

C．compete against D．compete over

正确答案：C

解析：compete against此题属于语意搭配题。此处需与句中宾语each other搭配的短语，选项[C]competeagainst sb．(与某人竞争)，符合题意。其他选项：[A]compete for sth．，[B]compete in arace和[D]compete over sth．均属搭配不当。全句可译为：名牌大学之间在大多数流行运动项目上都进行比赛。

25． A．draw B．amuse C．govern D．handle

正确答案：A

解析：draw此题属于语意搭配题。draw表示“吸引”，此处需要一个动词与crowds连用，故选项[A]draw正确。选项[B]amuse表示“消磨时光(常指无目标的，轻松愉快的)”，如：amuseoneself by doing sth；选项[C]govern表示“管理”；选项[D]handle表示“应付”。全句可译为：密歇根大学总能吸引9万多观众。

26．

A．spectator B．spectacle C．spectrum D．spectacles

正确答案：B

解析：spectacle此题属于近形词辨析。spectacle表示“壮观场面”，文中提及全美大学生篮球锦标赛是电视节目中极精彩的比赛，因此选项[B]spectacle(大场面)符合题意。选项[A]spectator表示“观众”；选项[C]spectrum表示“光谱，波长”；选项[D]spectacles表示“眼镜”。

27．

A．save B．saving C．saved D．to save

正确答案：A

解析：save此题属于语意搭配题。save用做动词时表示“救援，拯救”等意；用做介词时表示“除了”，例如：He answered all the questions save one．此处的save一词应当作介词，与文中的the Super Bowl连用，意为：除了全美橄榄球超级杯赛，故选项[A]save正确。其他选项：[B]saving现在分词; [C]saved过去分词；[D]to save不定式，均与句意和语法不符。全句可译为：全美大学生篮球锦标赛是电视节目中极精彩的一部分，与美国几乎所有体育赛事都不相上下，可能只逊色于一年一度的全美橄榄球超级杯赛。

28． A．flip on B．flap at C．fling away D．flush out

正确答案：A

解析：flip on此题属于语意搭配题。flip表示“轻击，轻弹”，根据上下文提示，美国大学间有许多精彩的比赛，打开电视才能欣赏，故与one’s TV set连用的应是选项[A]flip on。选项[B]flapat表示“拍打”；选项[C]fling away表示“扔掉，错过”；选项[D]flush out表示“冲洗(掉)”。

29． A．battle B．to battle C．battling D．battled

正确答案：C

解析：battling此题属于语法题，see sb．doing sth．表示“看到某人做某事”，本句意为：能看到一流大学的选手们正展开激战，故选项[C]battling符合题意。全句可译为：在秋冬季节，只要在规定的时间内打开电视，就能看到一流大学的体育比赛一一从密歇根大学、洛杉矶加州大学、杜克大学到斯坦福大学一一选手们在座无虚席的体育场和全国电视观众面前展开激战。

30．

A．recruited B．reconciled C．rectified D．reserved

正确答案：A

解析：recruited此题属于语意搭配题。recruit表示“征召新兵(新成员)”，例如：recruit an army，根据原文意思，运动员应是被招募的，因此选项[A]recruited符合题意。选项[B]reconcile与介词with连用，意为“与……一致”，例如：How do you reconcile your principles with yourbehavior?与介词to连用，意为“使接受”，例如：He can’t reconcile to the loss of his onlyson．选项[C]rectify表示“改正”，例如：rectify the mistakes in my bill；选项[D]reserve表示“保留”，例如：These seats are reserved for old and sick people．全句可译为：被招进大学的运动员享受奖学金。

31．

A．promising B．pleasing C．prominent D．professional

正确答案：A

解析：promising此题属于语意搭配题。promising表示“有前途的”，根据前一句：运动员都是被招进大学的并享受奖学金，大学教练确认的应是有培养前途的高中生，故选项[A]promising符合题意。其他选项：[B]pleasing(令人愉快的); [C]prominent(著名的)；[D]professional(职业的)，均不符合题意。

32．

A．contrive B．convince C．convert D．convict

正确答案：B

解析：convince此题属于语意搭配题。convince sb．to do／of sth．表示“劝服某人”，根据句意：教练们先是确认有发展前途的高中生后，就会到其所在学校说服这些全国最优秀的运动员，故选项[B]convince正确。选项[A] contrive表示“图谋，设法”，如：contrive a way ofescaping；选项[C]convert表示“使改变(形式、形状等)”，常与介词into／to／for等连用；选项[D]convict表示“判某人有罪”，如：The criminal was convicted of murder．全句可译为：大学的教练们确认了有发展前途的高中生后，就会到其所在高中说服这些全国最优秀的运动员上他们所在的大学。

33． A．which B．what C．how D．whether

正确答案：C

解析：how此题属于语法题。how表示“怎样”，根据上下文意思：关于教练招收学生有着严格的规定——晚9：00以后不许给学生打电话……，此处需一个表示方式的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，故选项[C]how正确。选项[A]which引导定语从句；选项[B] what(什么)，与题意不符；选项[D]whether(是否)，表示可能性。

34．

A．ignored B．neglected C．remembered D．noticed

正确答案：A

解析：ignored此题属于语意搭配题。ignore表示“置之不理，不予考虑”，有故意的意味，例如：Theyignored our warning．根据原句意思：虽然招收学生有严格的规定，但这些规定常常不能严格执行(bent)，有时还会被完全置之不理，故选项[A]ignored正确。选项[B]neglected表示“疏忽，不留心”；选项[C]remembered表示“记住”；选项[D]noticed表示“注意”。全句可译为：关于教练招收学生有着严格的规定——晚9：00以后不许给学生打电话，教练仅有一次参观校园的正式邀请。这些规定常常不能严格执行，有时还会被完全置于脑后。

35． A．offer B．afford C．award D．reward

正确答案：A

解析：offer此题属于语意搭配题。offer表示“提供”，根据上文：中学生被招进大学时都享受奖学金，本句主语是football programs，因此与之相对应的谓语应是选项[A]offer。选项[B]afford表示“(能)负担得起”；选项[C]award表示“颁奖章”；选项[D]reward表示“报酬”。

36． A．in B．on C．at

D．around

正确答案：B

解析：on此题属于语法题。此处需要一个介词与动词arrive连用，其宾语为campus，因此介词on符合语法，故选项[B]on正确。选项[A]in和选项[C]at均有

到达某地之意，但不能与campus连用；选项[D]around表示“到处，四周”，与题意不符。全句可译为：每年各名牌大学的橄榄球队向20或30个球员提供奖学金，这些学生球员入学后免交学费、书本费和食宿费等费用。

37．

A．commit themselves to B．commit themselves on C．commute themselves to D．comply themselves to

正确答案：A 解析：commit themselves to此题属于语意搭配题。commit oneself to表示“承诺”，例如：The government claimed tocommit itself to improving health care．根据上下文意思：作为(对奖学金)回报，学生运动员则要按约定投身到他们擅长的运动项目中，故选项[A]commit themselves to正确。选项[B]commit themselves on sth．表示“表达意见”；选项[C]commute themselves to搭配不当，应为commute for sth．(交换)；选项[D]comply themselves to搭配不当，常用搭配为：comply with(遵守)。全句可译为：作为回报，学生运动员则要投身到他们擅长的体育项目中。

38．

A．work in B．work out C．work over D．work off

正确答案：B

解析：work out此题属于语意搭配题。work out表示“有……结果，运动”，根据句意：学生运动员每天训练2个小时，因此选项[B]work out正确。选项[A]work in表示“把……计算在内”；选项[C]work over表示“把……狠揍一顿”；选项[D]work off表示“把……清除掉”。全句可译为：从一月到四月，一流大学的橄榄球运动员一周有四天的训练，每天训练两小时。

39． A．recalls B．enlists C．convenes D．collects

正确答案：C 解析：convenes此题属于语意搭配题。convene=call to meet／gather表示“召集”，根据句意：八月中旬，橄榄球训练营正式开营，即把队员召集到一起，故选项[C]convenes符合题意。选项[A]recall=remember表示“想起”或=call back(sb．)表示“召回(某人)”；选项[B]enlist表示“从军，赞助，登记”；选项[D]collects

表示“收集，征集”。

40．

A．in principle B．in confidence C．in name D．in earnest

正确答案：D

解析：in earnest此题属于语意搭配题。in earnest表示“正式地，认真地”，根据题意：训练营的集训以及为九至十二月赛季的开幕所做的准确工作应该是很严肃、正式地，故选项[D]in earnest(正式地)符合题意。选项[A]in principle表示“原则上”；选项[B]in confidence表示“私下里”；选项[C]in name表示“名义上”。全句可译为：到了夏天，又回到一周四天的体能与灵活性的训练中，一直持续到八月中旬，此时橄榄球训练营正式开营，为九至十二月赛季的开幕所做的准备工作开始了。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Six years later, in an about-face, the FBI admits that federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas in 1993. But the official said the firing came several hours before the structure burst into flames, killing 80 people including the Davidians’ leader, David Koresh. “In looking into this, we’ve come across information that shows some canisters that can be deemed pyrotechnic in nature were fired—hours before the fire started,” the official said. “Devices were fired at the bunker, not at the main structure where the Davidians were camped out.” The Federal Bureau of Investigation maintains it did not start what turned to be a series of fiery bursts of flames that ended a 51-day standoff between branch members and the federal government. “This doesn’t change the bottom line that David Koresh started the fire and the government did not,” the official said. “It simple shows that devices that could probably be flammable were used in the early morning hours.” The law enforcement official said the canisters were fired not at the main structure where the Davidian members were camped out but at the nearby underground bunker. They bounced off the bunker’s concrete roof and landed in an open field well, the official said. The canisters were fired at around 6 a.m. , and the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon, the official said. The official also added that other tear gas canisters used by agent that day were not flammable or potentially explosive. While Coulson denied the grenades played a role in starting the fire, his statement marked the first time that any U. S. government official has publicly contradicted the government’s position that federal agents used nothing on the final day of the siege at Waco that could have

sparked the fire that engulfed the compound. The cause of the fiery end is a major focus of an ongoing inquiry by the Texas Rangers into the Waco siege.

41． The FBI official has NOT admitted that______. A．the canisters were fired at the main structure

B．the canisters were fired hours before the fire started

C．federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire

D．other tear gas canisters that were not flammable or potentially explosive were also used

正确答案：A 解析：根据文中“the law enforcement official said the canisters were fired not at the mainstructure…but at the nearby underground bunker．”这一句可以看出[A]是他没有承认的内容，而[B]、[C]和[D]都在文中有直接或间接的体现。

42． From the passage, what information can be inferred about the event in 1993?

A．The compound was blown up by the FBI agents. B．The compound burst into flames at dawn.

C．The federal government besieged the compound for 51 days before the tragedy occurred.

D．About 80 people were killed in the event except the Davidians’ leader, David Koresh.

正确答案：C 解析：庄园毁于大火，而非爆炸，因此A是错误的；“the fire that destroyed the woodencompound started around noon”表示时间是中午而非早晨，因此[B]是错误的；从“killing80 people including the Davidians’leader，David Koresh”来看，[D]是错误的；“flamesthat ended a 5 1一day standoff between branch members and the federal government”，和[C]选项相符，因此[C]是正确的。

43． After reading the passage, how much do you know about the compound near Waco?

A．About 51 people lived in the compound at the time of the event in 1993. B．It consisted of a main structure and a bunker. C．It was built of stone. D．It was a schoolhouse.

正确答案：B

解析：在大火中有80人丧生，因此居住在庄园里的人肯定不止51个，所以[A]是错误的；“the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon”，可见其为木质结构，而非石制，因此[C]是错误的；“the compound near Waco”是Branch Davidian的居住地，从文中无法得出其为校舍的结论，因此[D]是不正确

的；文中多处提到mainstructure和bunker，因此[B]为正确答案。

44． Coulson’s speech has______.

A．made the matter even more complicated and confusing B．been approved by the government C．met sharp criticism

D．brought the whole matter into broad daylight

正确答案：A

解析：从文中看来，Coulson一方面承认FBI探员向庄园发射了可能导致火灾的催泪弹，另一方面坚持说火灾不是这些催泪弹引起的，使整个事件变得更加扑朔迷离，因此[A]是正确的。

45． The attitude of the narrator towards this message is______. A．neutral B．bitter C．excited D．expectant

正确答案：D

解析：文中叙述者的口气比较平淡，倾向于中立，但about-face等词的使用体现了对此事的关心和希望进一步揭露事实的态度，因此[D]是正确的。其他三个选项都不能准确地体现叙述者的心情。

The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for

existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.

46． In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to______.

A．argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies B．smooth out the conflicts in human societies C．distinguish between two kinds of opposition

D．summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation

正确答案：C

解析：从作者对conflict和competition的定义可以看出，他的目的在于说明这两种对立的不同之处，所以正确答案应当为[C]。

47． According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that______. A．it results in war in most cases

B．it induces efforts to expand territory

C．it is a kind of opposition among social entities D．it is essentially a struggle for existence

正确答案：D

解析：本题所涉及的相关信息在文章的第三段。在这一段中，作者将动物和人的竞争做了一个比较，指出那种为生存而进行的斗争是竞争而不是冲突，所以竞争和冲突的区别在于，前者是为了生存而进行的必要的不可避免的斗争。由此可见，正确答案应当为[D]。

48． The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” (Para. 1) most probably means

A．betray each other B．harm one another

C．help to collaborate with each other D．benefit one another

正确答案：B

解析：理解这句话必须联系上下文。在文章的前面提到，冲突和竞争是两种对立，所以[C]选项说“他们相互合作”，[D]选项说“他们相互有利”，都是不正确的；而A选项说他们“相互背叛”，也不符合题意，因此只有选项[B]是恰当的。

49． The author indicates in the passage that conflict______. A．is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition B．reflects the struggle among social animals

C．is an opposition among individual social entities D．can be avoided

正确答案：D

解析：从文章的最后一句话“……尽管竞争是不可避免的，但我们不能说国家之间的冲突是不可避免的”，于是我们可以判断正确答案应当为[D]。

50． The passage is probably intended to answer the question “______” A．Is war inevitable?

B．Why is there conflict and competition? C．Is conflict desirable?

D．Can competition lead to conflict?

正确答案：A

解析：综合全文，可以看到作者通过对竞争和冲突的对比，说明的是文章开头提出的那个问题，即“The question of whether war is inevitable．．．”，所以这一题的正确答案应当为[A]。

How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it— convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial” system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial” system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal”—especially a religious event—was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of

our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries’ mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal.

51． “British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. “ It implies that______.

A．the British legal system can do the basic job well—convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent

B．the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system C．the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair D．the British legal system is very efficient

正确答案：C

解析：这是一道推断题，句意为“英国审判制度与其说是严肃执法，倒不如说是一场游戏。”其言外之意就是“英国法律制度并不公正。”于是，正确答案应当为[C]。

52． Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

A．Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read.

B．When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain.

C．In the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. D．Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases.

正确答案：D 解析：这道细节题所涉及的相关信息在文章的前面三段。根据第三段可以判断A选项是与原文相符的；根据第二段的第三句话，可以判断[B]选项与原文相符；根据第一段可以判断[C]选项与原文相符；只有[D]选项在文中找不到相关的

意思，所以根据原文，只有[D]选项是正确答案。

53． In Britain, newspapers______.

A．do the same as American newspapers do

B．are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place C．are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place D．are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place

正确答案：C 解析：文中作者在第四段第二三句谈到，英美两国在受理重刑案件时一个最显著的区别是：美国法律并不阻止报纸和电视在庭审前对这类案件的大肆渲染。由此可见，在审理重刑案件之前，英国法律是不允许报纸报道任何细节的。因此这道题的正确答案应当为[C]。

． We can infer that American lawyers______.

A．do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases B．prepare the cases themselves

C．tend to be more passionately involved in their cases D．tend to approach cases dispassionately

正确答案：C 解析：从文章的倒数第二段的最后两句话，我们可以推断出与英国的律师不同，美国律师更了解案情；换言之，他们对案件更热衷一些，所以此题答案应当为[C]。

55． The passage______.

A．questions whether the system of trial by jury can ever be completely efficient B．suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countries

C．describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems

D．compares the legal systems of a number of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages

正确答案：D

解析：综合全文，我们可以看到，文章第一段指出了英国法律制度存在的弊端，第二段谈到英国法律制度的优点，第三段谈到英国法律制度相比法国法律制度存在的利弊，第四、五段则评述了英美国家法律制度的异同。由此我们可以推断，全文的主旨是将几国的法律制度相比较并阐述了它们各自的利弊，因此正确答案应当为[D]。

The initial impact of computers was in the area of entertainment. If you walked by a video arcade in the early 1980s, you could not have failed to notice that the use of video games was growing at what some considered an alarming rate. In

1981 the movie industry grossed $3 billion, video games took in an estimated $6 billion. That gives you some idea of just how big the computer industry had become. Video games employ the same technology as personal computers, and indeed many who bought personal computers did so primarily for playing games at home, thus saving their quarters. Though video games are not as popular as they were a few years ago, they did provide consumer with their first real reason to buy PCs. A more recent computer innovation, desktop publishing, supplies one good reason for those who write for a living to buy a PC. Desktop publishing is eceptively simple description for an extremely complex group of hardware and software tools. You can now write text, edit text, draw illustrations, incorporate photographs, design page layouts, and print a finished document with a relatively inexpensive computer and laser printer. Although the new technology offers new freedom, there is a price to be paid for this freedom. With total control comes total responsibility. In fact, the issue of social responsibility in our new computer age has long been a topic of debate among computer enthusiasts. Some people are concerned with the long-term social effects of the so-called computer revolution. Ironically, many PC pioneers who built and marketed the first machines were 60s-style advocates of social change. They claim that while personal computer technology has the potential to make society more equal, it’s having the opposite effect since upper-middle-class people can afford them and lower-class people cannot. In addition, the ways that computers are used to monitor the activities of their users have evoked anxiety about the machine. Over 7 million Americans now have their work paced, controlled, and monitored by computers. A computer is more restrictive and powerful in the way it controls people than the old-fashioned assembly line. This can lead to what some have called “tech-stress”. Irritated eyes, back problems, and other physical symptoms have also been associated with the extensive use of computers. Although the personal computer may not have had the impact some predicted a decade age, the combination of computer technology with satellites and cable does promise innovations in the mass media that would have seemed astonishing just a few short years ago.

56． The dramatic growth of the business dealing in video games is the result of______.

A．the development of computer industry B．the development of wireless technology C．the decline in movie industry

D．the depression in the entertainment business

正确答案：A

解析：根据文章第一段的内容所述，电脑的影响首先是在娱乐方面，尤其是带动了电子游戏的发展。因此，电子游戏工业的快速增长是电脑工业发展的结果，所以此题答案应当为[A]。

57． The consumers’ first motivation in buying personal computer is to______.

A．play video games

B．make writing easier for themselves

C．facilitate their entrance into the stock market D．transmit printed information

正确答案：A

解析：根据文章第一段的最后一句话，“尽管电子游戏不像几年前那样流行了，但它确实是消费者购买私人电脑的第一个原因。”因此，正确答案应当为[A]。

58． What’s the advantage that desktop publishing brings people? A．It makes home banking a reality.

B．It provides a method for producing professional-looking documents. C．It makes it possible for people to receive newspaper electronically. D．It makes it possible for people to bring office work to home.

正确答案：B 解析：根据文章第二段的第三句话，我们町以看到作者说桌面出版系统可以帮助人们书写、编辑、打印文章、制作插图等，换言之，也就是说桌面出版系统可以提供制作出比较职业化的文档的方法。因此，正确答案应当为[B]。

59． In the long run, the social effect of computers is that______. A．it controls people’s life

B．it brings about a more equal society

C．it might lengthen the distance between upper-middle-class people and lower-class people

D．it leads to a profound change in the mass media

正确答案：D 解析：根据文章的第三段的最后一句话，我们可以看到电脑工业给大众传媒带来了革新。所以，正确答案应当为[D]。

60． According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．Computer may cause health problems for its users.

B．Computer has led to a revolution in every aspect of people’s life. C．Computer is financially within the reach for most consumers.

D．The influence of computer has on people’s life is not as great as people have predicted.

正确答案：A

解析：根据文章最后一段倒数第二句话，作者说由于电脑的使用，它给人们带来了诸如背疼等身体疾病。四个选项中只有[A]符合原文，其他几项在原文中均找不到相应的信息，所以，正确答案应当为[A]。

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the

underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. 61) At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on the right way. 62) This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. 63) The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. ) We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. 65) The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.

61．

正确答案：这在目前是得到公认的，尽管是个人见证的论述，而较少有严谨的科学推理作为证据。

解析：句子框架是it is generally accepted，although…。主句中代词it代指前句内容it is no longer necessary that…this idea(有关这一主题的所有演讲或书籍不必用支持这一观念的证据开头了)。although引导让步状语从句，省略了主语和谓语，补充完整为although it is generally accepted more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of aclosely reasoned scientific proof。more…than…结构意为“不是……，而是……；与其说……，倒不如说……”。

62．

正确答案：然而，这并不意味着，我们对于有关城镇中绿色空间的作用以及

居民使用这些空间的方法了解到了足够的信息。

解析：句子框架是This does not mean…that…。that引导的宾语从句作mean的宾语。从句中的被动结构be known译成主动句，加译泛指性的主语“我们”。句尾的介词短语aboutthe way中又嵌套一个介词in加关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰the way。

63．

正确答案：许多年来，日常生活、工作、交通以及娱乐这一理论上的划分被用在城市和郊区的规划中，在我看来，其结果是不适度地注重离家远的地方的娱乐方式，而相对而言，较少地注意改进在离家最近的地带可能进行的娱乐。

解析：句子框架是The theoretical separation…has…resulted…，whereas there was…attention…。whereas连接两个并列句。前一个并列分句中又嵌套一个which引导的定语从句；far from home为形容词短语作后置定语修饰forms of recreation，相当于forms of recreationthat are far from home；后一个并列分句为there be句型。disproportionate译为“不相称的，不适度的”；recreative possibilities译成“可能进行的娱乐”。

．

正确答案：我们已经得出结论，这样做是不对的，因为我们除了睡觉和工作度过的时间以外，很重要的一部分是用来在家里或者家的周围进行活动。

解析：句子框架是We have come to the conclusion．．．，because．．．。because引导原因状语从句修饰主句。主句中又有that引导的同位语从句作conclusion的同位语。because引导的原因状语从句中又嵌套一个which引导的定语从句修饰the time。

65．

正确答案：都市环境应该提供尽可能多的娱乐活动，这种设计中，在它更加必不可少的活动里也应有娱乐的一面。

解析：句子框架是The urban environment has to offer…，and the design…has tobe…。and引导两个并列句。and后的并列分句中such that．．．结构译为“如此以致……”；the design of these中these指代前面分句的The urban environment；obligatory意为“必须的，强制性的”。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

66． Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures—National and International”.In the essay you shouldI) describe the picture and interpret its meaning , and2) give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume(服装)

正确答案： A pretty American girl is presented in this picture. Interestingly, she is neither in Apple Jeans nor in Red Taps nor in anything typically American, rather, she prefers traditional Chinese costume. In my opinion, what the picture conveys is beyond a new fashion trend, and it carries cultural implications as well. On the process of globalization, to be national or to be international is a dilemma for almost every culture. While global economic integration has fostered thorough cultural interchanges and made purely national culture practically impossible, many countries with their distinct national culture still hold a conservative attitude toward being international for fear of losing their own national identity. Admittedly, as it is the reflection of the outlook of a people, national culture is especially to her people as priceless spiritual treasure and ought to be cherished and preserved. However, there are also positive reasons to advocate an international culture. As the traditional Chinese costume in the picture adds some irresistible oriental glamour to her beautiful figure, the embracing of elements from other cultures will surely do great benefit to a culture. The fresh ideas coming in, controversial or even unreasonable as they may seem at first sight, provide a different perspective for us to observe the world, which is essential to social progress. It is multiculturalism in a society that essentially makes the society and its people diverse, colorful, vigorous, and open-minded. As the picture raises the thought-provoking question in a light manner, the answer to the question is also implied in it. In my eyes, to be international is undisputedly the better choice if the nation wishes to adopt an open-minded way of progressing.