大学生英语四级真题-10(2021年-2022年)

Part I Writing (25 minutes)

(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A） It was dangerous to live in. B） It was going to be renovated. C） He could no longer pay the rent.

D） He had sold it to the royal family.

2. A） A strike. B） A storm. C） A forest fire. D） A terrorist attack.

Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 3. A） They lost contact with the emergency department. B） They were trapped in an underground elevator. C） They were injured by suddenly falling rocks. D） They sent calls for help via a portable radio.

4. A） They tried hard to repair the elevator. B） They released the details of the accident. C） They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. D） They provided the miners with food and water.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A） Raise postage rates. B） Improve its services. C） Redesign delivery routes. D） Close some of its post offices.

6. A） Shortening business hours. B） Closing offices on holidays. C） Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays. D） Computerizing mall sorting processes.

7. A） Many post office staff will lose their jobs.

B） Many people will begin to complain. C） Taxpayers will be very pleased. D） A lot of controversy will arise.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A） He will be kept from promotion. B） He will go through retraining. C） He will be given a warning. D） He will lose part of his pay.

9. A） He is always on time. B） He is a trustworthy guy.

C） He is an experienced press operator. D） He is on good terms with his workmates.

10. A） She is a trade union representative. B） She is in charge of public relations. C） She is a senior manager of the shop. D） She is better at handling such matters.

11. A） He is skilled and experienced. B） He is very close to the manager. C） He is always trying to stir up trouble. D） He is always complaining about low wages.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A） Open. B） Friendly. C） Selfish. D） Reserved.

13. A） They stay quiet. B） They read a book.

C） They talk about the weather. D） They chat with fellow passengers.

14. A） She was always treated as a foreigner. B） She was eager to visit an English castle. C） She was never invited to a colleague's home. D） She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.

15. A） Houses are much more quiet. B） Houses provide more privacy. C） They want to have more space. D） They want a garden of their own.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After

you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A） They don't have much choice of jobs. B） They are likely to get much higher pay. C） They don't have to go through job interviews. D） They will automatically be given hiring priority.

17. A） Ask their professors for help. B） Look at school bulletin boards. C） Visit the school careers service. D） Go through campus newspapers.

18. A） Helping students find the books and journals they need. B） Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere. C） Helping students arrange appointments with librarians. D） Providing students with information about the library.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A） It tastes better. B） It is easier to grow.

C） It may be sold at a higher price. D） It can better survive extreme weathers.

20. A） It is healthier than green tea. B） It can grow in drier soil.

C） It will replace green tea one day. D） It is immune to various diseases.

21. A） It has been well received by many tea drinkers. B） It does not bring the promised health benefits. C） It has made tea farmers' life easier. D） It does not have a stable market.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A） They need decorations to show their status. B） They prefer unique objects of high quality. C） They decorate their homes themselves. D） They care more about environment.

23. A） They were proud of their creations. B） They could only try to create at night. C） They made great contributions to society. D） They focused on the quality of their products.

24. A） Make wise choices. B） Identify fake crafts.

C） Design handicrafts themselves. D） Learn the importance of creation.

25. A） To boost the local economy. B） To attract foreign investments. C） To arouse public interest in crafts. D） To preserve the traditional culture.

Part Ⅲ minutes)

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceans now (26)_______heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has taken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.

Warming waters are known to (27)_______ to coral bleaching (珊瑚白化) and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea (28)_______.While the top of the ocean is well studied, its depths are more difficult to (29)_______.The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get a better (30)_______ of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century (31)_______ of British naval ships to modem automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources,(32)_______with computer simulations ( 计算机模拟), created a timeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel (33)_______.

About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now resides at a (34)_______of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say

they're (35)_______whether the deep-sea warming canceled out warming at the sea's surface.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A. Absorb F. Excursion K. Levels

B. Combined G. explore L. mixed C. Contribute H. floor M. picture D. depth I. heights N. unsure E. emissions J. indifferent O. voyage Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?

A) Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination．So it isn’t surprising thatyou’11 find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home—security systems．

B)The most likely type of burglary(人室盗窃)by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity，usually involving a broken window or some forced entry．According to the FB1．crimes like these accounted for roughly two．thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013．The wide majority of the rest were illegal．unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open．The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics．

C) One of the main theoretical home—security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether．With wired

setups，the fear is that a burglar(人室盗贼)might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable．With a wireless setup．you stick battery—powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows。doors，motion，and more．If they detect something wrong while the system is armed．they’ll transmit a wireless aleft signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm．That approach will eliminate most cord—cutting concerns--but what about their wireless equivalent，jamming?with the fight device tuned to the fight frequency，what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?

D) Jamming concerns are nothing new，and they’re not unique to security systems．Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency．For comparison．1et’s say you wanted to“jam”a conversation between two people--all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear．

E) Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—mat means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling．They will．however．need to know what system they’re looking for．If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use，that’d point them in the right direction，though at that point，we’re talking about a highly targeted，semi—sophisticated attack，and not the sort of forced—entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries．It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others．

F)Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks．SimpliSafe，winner of our Editors’ Choice distinction．utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks．When the system thinks it’s being jammed，it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警报)．From there，it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually．

G)SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming，complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with hand held jamming

equipment．After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab，we tested the attack out for ourselves，and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment．However．we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works．It caught us in the act，sent an alert to my smartphone，and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log．The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system，or whether or not it detected them．

H)We like the unique nature of that software．It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works．then figure out a way around it．Even if they could，SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving，and that it varies slightly from system to system，which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it．Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming．The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site，citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the l980s．

I)Jamming attacks are absolutely possible．As said before．with the fight equipment and the right know—how，it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission．But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?

J)Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti—jamming system．First，a thief is going to need to target your home，specifically．Then，he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup．Presumably，you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away，so the thief will still need to break in．That means defeating the lock somehow，or breaking a window．He’11 need to be jamming you at this point，as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm．S0，too，would the motion detectors in your home，so the thief will need to continue jamming

once he’s inside and searching for things to steal．However．he’11 need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system，the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to．

K)At the end of the day，these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash—and—grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries．They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many—sided approach to securing your home，one that includes commonsense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night．No system is impenetrable，and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely．Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit．A good system is one that keeps that worst—case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack．

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36．It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill．

37．Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation．

38．A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm，both

inside and outside the house．

39．SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted

jamming attacks．

40．Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means． 41．It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing．

42．Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected．

43．Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system．

44．SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone．

45．Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search．

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

\"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco,\" economist Adam Smith once wrote,\" are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation. \"

Two and a haft centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.

Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast,a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action.Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.

Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.

Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by

reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.

While reformulating recipes ( 配方) is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity,a mixture of approaches--including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes--will be needed. There is no silver bullet. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and .tobacco?

A)They were profitable to manufacture. B） They were in ever-increasing demand.

C） They were subject to taxation almost everywhere. D） They were no longer considered necessities of life.

47. Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?

A) They are under growing pressure to balance their national budgets. B） They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems. C） The practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.

D） The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.

48. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?

A) It did not work out as well as was expected. B） It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border. C） It could not succeed without German cooperation. D） It met with firm opposition from the food industry.

49. What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?

A) Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.

B） Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products. C） Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs. D） Adjusting the physical composition of their products.

50. What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, \"There is no silver bullet\" ( Line 4, Para.7)?

A) There is no single easy quick solution to the problem. B） There is no hope of success without public cooperation.

C） There is no hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.

D） There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.

Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model's body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.

The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16--low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.

\"Especially girls and teens,\" says Record. \"Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines. \"

That's especially worrying, she says,given that anorexia (厌食症) results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.

Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.

In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with a BMI under 18 could pay $ 82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail.Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. \"A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week\Fashion Week. \"

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51. What do Record and Austin say about fashion models' body mass?

A） It has caused needless controversy. B） It is but a matter of personal taste. C） It is the focus of the modeling business. D） It affects models' health and safety.

52. What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?

A） A change in the public's view of female beauty. B） Government legislation about models' weight. C） Elimination of forced weight loss by models. D） Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.

53. Why are Record and Austin especially worried about the low body mass index of models?

A） It contributes to many mental illnesses. B） It defines the future of the fashion industry. C） It has great influence on numerous girls and women. D） It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runway.

. What do we learn about France's fashion industry?

A） It has difficulty hiring models. B） It has now a new law to follow. C） It allows girls under 18 on the runway.

D） It has overtaken that of the United States.

55. What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?

A） It will create a completely new set of rules. B） It will do better than Paris Fashion Week. C） It will differ from Paris Fashion Week. D） It will have models with a higher BMI.

Part IV Translation

(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国和党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

答案

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A 26 A 51 D B 27 C 52 B B 28 K 53 C C 29 G B D 30 C 31 A 32 B D 33 E B 34 D D 35 N 11 C 36 I 12 D 37 D 13 A 38 J 14 C 39 F 15 B 40 B 16 D 41 H 17 C 42 C 18 B 43 K 19 C 44 G 20 A 45 E 21 D 46 C 22 B 47 B 23 B 48 A 24 A 49 D 25 A 50 A M O 55 D