English Qualifying Test for Ph. D. Candidates (May, 2000) Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)
Section A 注；请将70 至100字的概要用中文写在答题纸上。
Section B 注；请将答案用英文写在答案纸上。
Section C 注 请将答案用英文填写在答题纸的表格上。
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20%)
Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. The opinions of his peers are more important to her than her parents' idea. A) friends B) equals C) enemies D) bosses
2. After we join the WTO, the situation that our automobile industry, depends for its survival on government subsidies will be changed. A) financial aid B) personnel support C) spiritual encouragement D) partial taxation
3. My salary has been raised to 100,000 yuan a year. but there is a proportionate increase in my income tax.
A) dramatic B) undesirable C) perpetual D) proportional
4. Henry David Thoreau used to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book Walden (18).
A) study B) live
C) read aloud D) wander
5. Despite the pressure from the president, the provincial government insisted on its autonomous jurisdiction.
A) regional B) obstinate C) willful D) legal
6. All programs celebrating the Spring Festival in the CCTV have been relayed to even' part of the world through satellites.
A) received B) reserved C) rebroadcast D) enjoyed
7. You must be drunk last night. Otherwise how did you manage to drive into a stationary vehicle?
A) official B) police C) parked D) running
8. To create a democratic atmosphere in the company, the manager should always be accessible to his staff. A)fair B) equal
C) acceptable D) approachable
9. The newly imported machine doesn't work in ambient humidity of 50 degrees. A) approximate B) surrounding C) convenient D) high
10. Many students are signing the petition against building a steelworks near the school. A) names B) agreement C) request D) disapproval
11. Your appraisal of the current situation is quite different from mine. A) optimistic B) compliment C) agreement D) estimate
12. They are boycotting the store because the workers are on strike. A) looting B) banning C) protecting D) destroying
13. In the final contest, two athletes are contending for the championship. A) satisfying B) happy C) competing D) quarreling
14. The computer's value will depreciate by half in the first year. A) decrease B) increase C) keep low D) fluctuate
15. China Telecom is about to embark on a major program of computerization. A) propaganda B) finish
C) purchase D) undertake
l6. The candidate has given a pledge that he will improve the local environment and invest doubly in education.
A) promise B) declaration C) proposal D) possibility
17. There has always been an epldemic or bike stealing in schools. A) a theft B) a punishment C) a plague D) a crime
18. It is in Chongqing that the next international symposium on environmental protection will be held.
A) debate B) conference C) seminar D) negotiation
19. Many people suspected the existence of extraterrestrial life. A) snowman B) outside the earth C) spiritual D) underworld
20. In case your liabilities outrun your assets, you may go bankrupt. A) debt B) enterprise C) controversy D) bondage
21.After the fierce quarrel, they began to have a __________ loathing for each other. A) boring B) reciprocal C) friendly D) standing
22. On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to ________the sea waves. A) simplify B) simulate
C) help D) like
23. The government lacked money because of biting oil________. A) prices B) stations C) buildings D) revenues
24. Though the policies of racial ________had been abolished, many whites in the South were still dubious about the safety of the communities. A) segregation B) regulations C) communism D3 extinction
25. The proposal was accepted with ________ approval. Everybody believed it would help revive the national economy.
A) unanimous B) doubtful C) pleasant D) searching
26. Many social services are provided by ________ societies and organizations that do not expect any material payment.
A) wealthy B)voluntary C) helpful D)spiritual
27. In the packed hall, the people sitting close to me _________ me into the corner little by little.
A) dragged B) drew C) frightened D) wedged
28. The police, trying to ________exactly who was at the party are investigating every person concerned.
A) ascertain B) arrest C) imagine D) count
29. If everybody has arrived the meeting may________ now. A) commence B) criticize C) comment D) conclude
30. The prodigal son ________his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending. A) inherited B) received C) accumulated D) dissipated
3l. In ancient India, there used to be a very formidable ________ in religious and social life.
A) hierarchy B) power C) despot D) president
32. _________ delinquency refers to law-breaking by young people. A) Juvenile B) Green-hand C) Amateur D) Institute
33. It's necessary to make your handwritings ________ when you fill in an official form. A) reconcilable B) legitimate C) legible D) formal
34. She has always been a conscientious secretary since the gal, she entered my company. Tine suggestion that I wanted her to resign is quite __________ A) thoughtful B) reasonable C) unfounded D) early
35. The ________ meaning of \"yellow\" is a color, but it can also mean \"cowardly.\" A) positive B) negative C) underlying D) literal
36. When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fields at night and to see ________ of stars.
A) the circulation B) a cluster C) the falling D) myriads
37. Ringing church bells sets up ________ in the Alpine valleys. A) resonance B) forests C) church building D) priests
38. The students are all from ________ countries, such as Singapore. India Korean, and Japan.
A) developing B)oriental C) island D) Christian
39. Wouldn't it be easier to move about on the ________ of the mobbed crowd than to squeeze in tile middle?
A) consent B) heads C) fringe D) recreation
40. When the new immigration law came into effect, the old one was naturally A) validated B) put off C) repealed D) put up Part III Reading Comprehension (50%) Section A
Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You loeide on the best choice. Passage I
In the years following the Second World War, the youth hostel idea spread to other parts of the world and the same spirit was maintained. The International Youth Hostel Federation, IYHF, which was to co-ordinate activities in the various national associations, incorporated in its constitution the principle that in youth hostels \"there shall be no
distinctions of race, nationality color, religion, class or political opinions. This, it should be noted, was at a time when the principles of racial equality and brotherhood were by no means so widely acknowledged as they are now.\"
There is normally no age bar at youth hostels. Exceptions are Switzerland and Bavaria. Where there is a maximum age of 25 and I7 years respectively. Generally, however, the hostels are intended to meet the needs of two main groups: senior secondary school children, university and schoolchildren travelling with a teacher on educational visits, and aged between about 11 and I8.
The principal contribution of the youth hostel movement to the attack on racism is the fact that in the 4,3 hostels throughout the world the brotherhood of man is taken for granted and practiced quietly and without any ostentation.
If you walk into the common-room of a big youth hostel in Gracow or Munich, Lahore of Canberra, you will find young people of' every race and nationality sitting down together
to share their experiences and discuss the world's problems. As a Malaysian boy recently remarked:\" youth hostel is a place where you will never feel lost\"
In accordance with its constitution, the IYHF has never admitted to membership youth hostel associations in South Africa and Rhodesia, because legislation in those countries makes it impossible for people of different races to share youth hostel facilities.
But an interesting new project is under way in Lesotho, with the financial and technical support of the Federation: the construction of a south hostel specifically
designed to carry out an educational task in southern Africa by opening its doors to young people of all races from neighboring and more distant countries. Situated just outside the capital, Maseru, the youth hostel will also provide accommodation for young people of Lesotho attending study and training courses.
The very, comprehensive statistics maintained by the IYHF show tile movement of young people form country, to country in some detail, it can be seen, for instance, that 10,828 \"overnights\" were recorded in 1972 by young Americans in tile hostels of Japan. and 3.3 by young visitors form India in the youth hostels of West Germany. Although these figures are small in absolute terms, they represent a network of individual human contacts among young people which can influence outlooks and opinions at the grass roots.
41. It can be interred from this passage that IYHF is A) an organization where young people live
B) an organization that advocates brotherhood of man C) an organization to protect the rights of teenagers D) an international company
42. \"Ostentation\" in the last sentence of the third paragraph is closest in meaning with_______
A) pretentiousness B) outstanding C) obstruction D) declaration
43. The maximum age of people staying at youth hostels in most countries is______ A) 20 B) 25 C) 17 D) unlimited 44. The tone of this article may be described is______
A) formal B) imaginative C) humorous D) negative 45. All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______
A) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are fined by IYHF. B) Only very, few countries are members of the IYHE.
C) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are denied membership in the IYHF.
D) All countries are allowed normal memberships in the IYHF. Passage 2
Before about 3500 BC, there were cultures, but not civilizations. Prehistoric men and women created societies, constructed houses, lived in villages, hunted and fished, farmed, made pottery, wove cloth, and created languages. But unlike more advanced peoples, they did not build cities, read, or write. Cities are the cornerstone of civilized life because with them came other civilizing elements, including differentiation of classes and
employment, sophisticated religious and political systems, monumental architecture, and
the formation of states and empires.
Historians usually begin the story, of civilization with accounts of the world's first great writers and city-builders, the Sumerians. Because the Sumerians recorded ideas and sagas and listed the names of their rulers, we know more about them than about
prehistoric about prehistoric peoples who left their legacy in stones, bones, and pottery.
With the ability to build cities and record thought came the ability to communicate ideas and innovations over vast reaches of time and space. Human beings—who had formerly taken hundreds of thousands of years to learn that a stone ax sharpened on both sides is more useful than an ax sharpened on one side—progressed rapidly from foot travel to horse drawn carts, and later, from railroads to airplanes. With these and thousands of other innovations, people came to live Longer, more comfortable lives.
Civilization also brought new ills to humanity. In the 20th century, it brought nuclear carfare global warming, and ozone depletion. More subtly, civilization removed human beings from regular encounters with the wonders of the natural world. Unlike people of modem civilizations primitive people lived close to the sounds and smells of forest and grasslands. They locked at fire and the stars with awe and reverence. Civilization involves the ability to create a new political and cultural world. In the 19th century, the American writer, philosopher, and naturalist Henry David Thoreau noted that this artificial sphere separates humanity from primitive virtue. \"Most of the luxuries, he argued, \"and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind.\" Thoreau believed that men and women should simplify their lives.
Even those ancient pioneers of civilization, the Greeks, mourned the lost innocence. They expressed this sense of regret in the story, of Prometheus and Pandora. Contrary, to the wishes of other Gods, Prometheus brought to humanity the gifts of fire, art, and science. The jealous gods were unwilling to allow men and women to enjoy, such blessings without cost, and so they sent Pandora to the world with a box containing disease, sorrow, and other evils.
Thus, human beings have viewed civilization as a mixed blessing. Civilized people have waged brutal wars, destroyed majestic forests, and persecuted religious minorities. But civilizations have also achieved wonders.
46. Which of the following represents civilization of people? A) They build houses. B) They have societies. C) They live in a group. D) They can write. 47. \"Sumerians\" in the second paragraph refers to ______. A) a person B) a group of people C) human beings D) prehistoric people
48. In paragraph 4, there is a sentence given by Henry. Thoreau, \"Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind.\" This sentence means ______.
A) Most luxuries and comforts are important and can improve the quality, of people's life. B) Most luxuries rind comforts are not so important for they cannot improve the quality of people's life.
C) Most luxuries and comforts are not so necessary and also they prevent the progress of human beings
D) Most luxuries and comforts are too important to improve the quality of people's life 49. All tile following represent the negative side of civilization EXCEPT ______ A) chemical warfare B) the decrease of fresh air C) greenhouse effect D) the nuclear plant
50. In the paragraph that follows this passage, the writer is going to discuss ______ A) the importance of civilization
B) the difference between civilization and culture C) the positive aspect of civilization D) the Greeks Passage 3
One of the foremost authors of the era between the two world wars, Hemingway in his early works depicted tile lives of two types of people. One type consisted of men and women deprived, by World War I, of faith in the moral values in which they had believed, and who lived with cynical disregard for anything but their own emotional needs. The other type were men of simple character and primitive emotions, such as prizefighters and bullfighters. Hemingway wrote of their courageous and usually futile battles against
circumstances. His earliest works include the collections of short stories Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923), his first work; In Our time (1924),tales reflecting his experiences as a youth in the northern Michigan woods; Men without women(1927), a volume that included \"The Killers,\" remarkable for its description of impending doom; and Winner Take Nothing (1933), stories characterizing people in unfortunate circumstances in Europe. The novel that established Hemingway's reputation. The Sun Also Rises (1926), is the story, of a group of morally irresponsible Americans and Britons living in France and Spain, members of the so-called lost generation of the post-world War I period. Hemingway's second important novel, A Farewell to Arms (1929), is the story, of a deeply moving love affair in wartime Italy between an American officer in the Italian ambulance service and a British nurse. The novel was followed by two nonfiction works, Death in the Afternoon (1932), prose pieces mainly about bullfighting; and Green, gills of Africa (1935), accounts of big-game hunting.
Hemingway's economical writing style often seems simple and almost childlike, but his method is calculated and used to complex effect. In his writing Hemingway provided detached descriptions of action, using simple nouns and verbs to capture scenes precisely. By doing so he avoided describing his characters' emotions and thoughts directly. Instead, in providing the reader with the raw material of an experience and eliminating the authorial viewpoint. Hemingway made the reading of a text approximate the actual experience as closely as possible. Hemingway was also deeply concerned with authenticity, in writing. He believed that a writer could treat a subject honestly only if the writer had participated in or observed the subject closely. Without such knowledge the writer's work would be flawed because the reader would sense the author's lack of expertise: In addition, Hemingway believed that an author writing about a familiar subject is able to write
sparingly and eliminate a great deal of superfluous detail from the piece without sacrifleing the voice of authority. Hemingway's stylistic influence on American writers has been enormous. The success of his plain style in expressing basic. yet deeply felt, emotions contributed to the decline of the elaborate Victorian-era prose that characterized a great
deal of American writing in the early 20th century. Many American writers have cited Hemingway as an influence on their own work.
51. The novel that brought Hemingway greatest fame________. A) Three Stories and Ten Poems B) In Far Time
C) Men Without Women D) The Sun Also Rises 52 Which of the following can best describe Hemingway's writing style? A) simple and precise B) bullfighting C) superfluous D) complicated
53. According to this passage which of the following is the great contribution of Hemingway?
A) He introduced a new subject into literature.
B) His writing style influenced a group of American writers
C) He proved that one should write about details.
D) He said that writers should know what they are writing. . This passage is mainly, about Hemingway's ___________
A) life B) background C) novels and writing style D) influence
55. The sentence. \"Hemingway was also deeply concerned with authenticity in writing\". \"authenticity\" is closest in meaning with
A) author's right B) credibility C) authorization D) authorship
Section B
Directions: After you have read the following passage write out a summary in English with about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary, on the Answer Sheet.
It is said that the public and Congressional concern. about deceptive packaging uproar started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Lze. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.
The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his
package size to lower the quantity, delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags. and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound quantities of break fast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles and tins are in use more same time and as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials,
shape, art work. and net weights hat are used for improving a product's market position.
When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply tile price of hard sweets by 2.5,from I dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high. when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can't be used for anything but stuffing the garbage can.
注：请将概要用英文写在答题纸上。
Section C
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After you have read the passage, answer these questions in English and then put them on the Answer Sheet.
If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival or the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-reined at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.
The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never
consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central - usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy.
While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If
American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is tip and running at capacity and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with he equipment can be employed. Tine result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
注：请将答案用英文写在答题纸上。
56. What does the management of human resources in American companies think about employees skill training?
57. What is the position of the head of human-resource. management in an American firm?
58. money most American firms put in training mainly goes to ______.
59. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is ______.
60. What is the main idea of the passage?
Part IV Writing (15%) (请将作文用英文写在答题纸上)
Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a composition on the title of \"Two
Important Possible Changes. Which May Occur In Higher Education in China in the 2lst Century\" with no less than 150 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese.
1.21世纪高等教育在社会发展中将起到更为重要的作用。 2.在21世纪高等教育将会发生许多变化（举两例说明） 3.你对这些变化的认识及看法。
清华大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A
Information about the Explosion on the World Trade Center Exact time of the explosion The number of the people working in the Building The location of the explosion The number of the people walking down the stairs The time people on the top floors took walking down the stairs Section B
Customer's name: Customer's current driver's license No.: Date for collection of vehicle: How much a day should the customer pay? How will the customer pay? 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5
Section C
11. The weekly radio program is on__________. A. topics suggested by listeners B. local news items C. listeners' hobbies
12. The process of stamp production is__________. A. difficult B. expensive C. time consuming
13. In the search for suitable subjects, people are invited to__________. A. research a number of topics B. give an opinion on possible topics C. produce a list of topics
14. Topics are sent for final approval to__________. A. a group of graphic artists B. The Board of Directors C. a designers’ committee
15. Australian artists receive money__________. A. only if the stamp goes into circulation B. for the design only C. for the design and again if it is used
Questions (16～18): Complete the notes using no more than 3 words for each answer, and Stamps must represent aspects of (16)_____________________e. g. characters from literature or examples of wildlife.
There are no (17)_______________on Australian or British stamps. A favourite topic in Britain is (18)__________________.
19. The speaker says that__________.A. many people produce designs for stamps
B. few people are interested in stamp designC. people will never agree about stamp design 20. The speaker suggests that__________. A. stamps play an important role in our lives
B. too much attention is devoted to stamp production C. stamps should reflect a nation's character Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)
21. The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to__________of the body. A. dispense B. disposeC. discard D. discharge
22. Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract. That's__________. Of course I didn't agree. I would take legal action. A. fraud B. blackmailC. bribery D. compensation 23. Her remarks__________a complete disregard for human rights.
A. magnified B. maintainedC. manipulated D.manifested 24. I should be able to finish the task on time,__________you provide me with the necessary guidance.
A. in case B. provided thatC. or else D. as if 25. The unfortunate death of the genius poet caused__________loss to this country. A. priceless B. countlessC. incalculable D. imaginable 26. Before the disastrous earthquake there was__________chaos.
A. massive B. ominousC. suspending D. imminent
27. On behalf of my company, I am__________to you and your colleagues for your generous help.
A. subjected B. inclinedC. available D. obliged 28. The appearance of the used car is__________, it's much newer than it really is.
A. descriptive B. indicativeC. deceptive D. impressive
29. His office is__________to the President's; it usually takes him about three minutes to get there.
A. related B. adhesiveC. adherent D. adjacent
30. The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being__________of everything they回 do.
A. emotional B. optimisticC. interested D. critical
31. I didn't know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.
A. harmful B. persistentC. interruptive D. characteristic 32. The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious. A. spreading B. contemptibleC. contented D. depressing
33. The sales manager was so adamant about her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out of it.
A. adaptable B. anxiousC. firm D. talkative
34. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.
A. hardly active B. relatively activeC. extremely inactive D. pathologically active 35. While he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along. A. helpful B. mercifulC. enthusiastic D. intelligent
36. Before the construction of the road, it was prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across the mountains.
A. determinedly B. incrediblyB. amazingly D. forbiddingly
37. At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in his old armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of his youth romances.
A. hopefully B. reflectivelyC. sympathetically D. irresistibly
38. The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar.
A. lavishly B. economicallyC. thriftily D. extrovertly 39. The chimney vomited a cloud of smoke. A. ignited B. immersedC. emitted D. hugged
40. The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.
A. advanced B. growingC. front D. back
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40%)
Questions 31 to 45 are based on the following passage:
Motorola Inc., the world's second-largest mobile phone make, will begin selling all of the
technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorola's mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.
The company, long known for its top-notch (等级) engineering culture, is hoping to profit from its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on” network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.
Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorola's own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorola's phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the user's whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.
41. The word “slump” in the first paragraph may be replaced by__________. A. slouch B. declineB. increase D. stamp 42. According to this passage, Motorola Inc.__________. A. is the world's largest mobile phone maker
B. is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone maker C. will only sell chips of the mobile phonesD. is going to sell all its manufacturing plants 43. Analysts don't think that__________. A. Motorola will be successful
B. the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitors C. its competitors will want to buy the technology from it D. its mobile phones contain a variety of chips
44. The technology supplied by Motorola is based on__________.
A. Bluetooth featuresB. MP3 audio capabilityC. Global Positioning System D. GPRS standard 45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.B. Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone.
C. Previously Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips. D. Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury. Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.
Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.
Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurrican will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes. 46. The eye of the hurricane is__________.
A. the powerful center of the stormB. the part that determines its direction C. the relatively calm center of the stormD. the center of low pressure 47. Which of the following statements is true?
A. A storm surge is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.
B. A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.
C. Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity. D. It is safe to go outside once the eye has arrived.
48. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. How to Avoid Hurricane damage B. Forecasting Hurricanes C. The dangerous Hurricane D. Atlantic Storms 49. The low-lying areas refer to those regions that__________. A. close to the ground level B. one-storey flat C. flat houses D. near to the lowest level of hurricane 50. Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting one's house from a hurricane? A. taking out heavy things B. moving in light-weight furniture C. equipping the house with stones D. covering windows Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Attacking an increasingly popular Internet business practice, a consumer watchdog group Monday filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, asserting that many online search
engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users. Commercial Alert, a 3-year-old group founded by consumer activist Ralph Nader, asked the FTC to investigate whether eight of the Web' s largest search engines are violating federal laws against deceptive advertising.
The group said that the search engines are abandoning objective formulas to determine the order of their listed results and selling the top spots to the highest bidders without making adequate disclosures to Web surfers. The complaint touches a hot-button issue affecting tens of millions of people who submit search queries each day. With more than 2 billion pages and more than 14 billion hyperlinks on the Web, search requests rank as the second most popular online activity after E-mail.
The eight search engines named in Commercial Alert's complaint are: MSN, owned by Microsoft; Netscape, owned by AOL Time Warner; Directhit, owned by Ask Jeeves; HotBot and Lycos, both owned by Terra Lycos; Altavista, owned by CMGI; LookSmart, owned by LookSmart; and iWon, owned by a privately held company operating under the same name.
Portland, Ore.-based Commercial Alert could have named more search engines in its complaint, but focused on the biggest sites that are auctioning off spots in their results, said Gary Ruskin, the group's executive director.
“Search engines have become central in the quest for learning and knowledge in our society. The ability to skew (扭曲） the results in favor of hucksters (小贩）without telling consumers is a serious problem.” Ruskin said. By late Monday afternoon, three of the search engines had responded to The Associated Press' inquiries about the complaint. Two, LookSmart and AltaVista, denied the charges. Microsoft spokesman Matt Pilla said MSN is delivering “compelling search results that people want.”
The FTC had no comment about the complaint Monday. The complaint takes aim at the new business plans embraced by more search engines as they try to cash in on their pivotal (关键）role as Web guides and reverse a steady stream of losses. To boost revenue, search engines in the past year have been accepting payments from businesses interested in receiving a higher ranking in certain categories or ensuring that their sites are reviewed more frequently. 51. The consumer group complained about__________.
A. special fees that Internet users were chargedB. Federal Trade Commission C. Commercial AlertD. online search engines 52. __________is the most popular activity online.
A. Sending pages of information B. Sending E-mail C. Surfing the net D. Selling the top spot 53. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?
A. There are too many pages or hyperlinks on the Internet, so people usually use search engine to find a certain site.
B. More than 8 search engines are accused of selling their search engine spots by Commercial Alert.
C. The headquarters of Commercial Alert is in Portland Oregon. D. The search engines are Web guides.
. All the following share one similarity EXCEPT__________. A. LookSmart B. CMGIC. Altavista D. Microsoft
55. The primary aim of some companies’ sponsoring the search engines is to__________.
A. cash in on their important role as Web guidesB. boost their avenue
C. reverse a series of lossesD. have their sites visited by the internet users more Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:
D. H. Lawrence was the fourth child of Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall, and their first to have been born in Eastwood. Ever since their marriage in 1875, the couple had been on the move: Arthur's job as a miner had taken them where the best-paid work had been during the boom years of the 1870s, and they had lived in a succession of small and recently built grimy colliery villages all over Nottinghamshire. But when they moved to Eastwood in 1883, it was to a place where they would remain for the rest of their lives; the move seems to have marked a watershed in their early history.
For one thing, they were settling down: Arthur Lawrence would work at Brinsley colliery until he retired in 1909. For another, they now had three small children and Lydia may have wanted to give them the kind of continuity in schooling they had never previously had. It was also the case that, when they came to Eastwood, they took a house with a shop window, and Lydia ran a small clothes shop: presumably to supplement their income, but also perhaps because she felt she could do it in addition to raising their children. It seems possible that, getting on badly with her husband as she did, she imagined that further children were out of the question. Taking on the shop may have marked her own bid for independence.
Arthur's parents lived less than a mile away, down in Brinsley, while his youngest brother Walter lived only 100 yards away from them in another company house, in Princes Street. When the family moved to Eastwood, Arthur Lawrence was coming back to his own family's center: one of the reasons, for sure, why they stayed there.
Lydia Lawrence probably felt, on the other hand, more as if she were digging in for a siege. East wood may have been home to Arthur Lawrence, but to Lydia it was just another grimy colliery village which she never liked very much and where she never felt either much at home or properly accepted. Her Kent accent doubtless made Midlands people feel that she put on airs. 56. This passage is mainly about the introduction of__________. A. D. H. LawrenceB. D. H. Lawrence's parents
C. D. H. Lawrence's residenceD. D. H. Lawrence's family background and education
57. Which of the following is NOT the reason for D. H. Lawrence's family settling down in East wood?
A. Children in the family needed consistent education.
B. D. H. Lawrence's father could be near to his family members. C. D. H. Lawrence's mother could seek for her independence.
D. D. H. Lawrence could accumulate enough materials to write about in his novels.
58. Which of the following might be an image of D. H. Lawrence's mother in other people's mind?
A. A mother who was quite amiable. B. A wife who was considerate. C. An arrogant woman. D. A faithful wife. 59. The family had been on the move, because__________.
A. they had to stay with the father who had to go everywhere to find a job in depression B. the father could find better-paid jobs in the prosperity of economy C. the father wanted to be near with his own home
D. the mother always wanted to change the location of their house
60. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. The relationship between D. H. Lawrence's parents may not be so good. B. D. H. Lawrence's mother was a woman of strong will.
C. D. H. Lawrence's mother did not like her home at Eastwood. D. D. H. Lawrence was the first child in the family.
Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)
The history of African—Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated__61__an ongoing struggle against__62__and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle__63__as an upward movement is____toward ever more justice and opportunity.
Technology in and of__65__is not at fault; it's much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics__66__been the enemy of an__67__group of people. A certain machine is put__68__work in a certain way the purpose__69__which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to__70__a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, __71__the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization__72__the Renaissance.
Mastery of technology is second only__73__money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by__74__this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have__75__it, blacks are allowing__76__to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be__77__from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs __78__ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.
And blacks must change as well. The ways that__79__their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks__80__to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now. 61. A. like B. as C. for D. with
62. A. charity B. clarity C. cohesion D. oppression 63. A. charting B. charts C. charted D. to chart . A. progressing B. progressed C. clutched D. clutching 65. A. itself B. themselves C. ourselves D. himself 66. A. have B. to have C. has D. to has 67. A. entirely B. enter C. entire D. entrance 68. A. for B. off C. on D. at 69. A. for B. to C. with D. before 70.A. envelop B. accomplish C. enveloping D. accomplishing 71. A. followed B. follows C. to follow D. following 72. A. since B. on C. in D. at 73. A. before B. to C. with D. from 74. A. to tolerate B. tolerate C. tolerated D. tolerating 75. A. encountered B. encountering C. to encounter D. encounters 76. A. them B. us C. themselves D. ourselves 77. A. excluding B. included C. including D. excluded
78. A. where B. that C. how D. what 79. A. servicing B. encircle C. encircling D. served 80. A. is B. were C. are D. have
Part Ⅴ Short Answer Questions (5%)
Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewer possible English words and then put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
The years between 1870 and 15 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory (库存) system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States. The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900.
While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the “combination” company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. By the 1840's many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roels.
There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson Ⅲ also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850's, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870's, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 1876—1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282. 81. What was the trend for the resident stock companies at the end of the 19th century? _________________________________________________________________________
82. According to the passage, the major reason for the decline of the resident stock companies was
_________________________________________________________________________ 83. Why did many important actors join some minor players in 1840's?
_________________________________________________________________________ 84. According to the passage, the development of full touring companies was aided by _________________________________________________________________________ 85. Why is Lawrence Barrentt mentioned in the passage?
_________________________________________________________________________
Part Ⅵ Writing (15%)
Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “My View on an
Admission Interview for Ph. D. Candidates” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. 博士研究生入学面试是否必要？
2. 在博士研究生入学面试中，你认为最重要的是展示哪几个方面？ 3. 你将如何展示这个方面？
试 题 详 解
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. 12:18
2. Over/More than 50,000. 3. The basement area.
4. Over/More than 60, 000. 5. 2 or more hours.
Section B Customer's name: Customer's current driver's license No.: Date for collection of vehicle: How much a day should the customer pay? How will the customer pay? 11. A 12.C Living people
Section C
13.B 14.B 15.C 16. national interest/the country/the nation 17. 18. (past)kings & queens 19. C 20.B
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary
21. B dispense分配，分发；dispose处置，处理；discard丢弃，抛弃；discharge卸货，放出；只有dispose和of构成固定搭配，其他都不对。
22. C fraud欺骗，欺诈；blackmail勒索；bribery贿赂；compensation补偿，赔偿；本句意思是他提出给我五千美元来违约，这是种贿赂行为，我要提起法律诉讼。所以选C。 23. D magnified扩大，放大；maintained保持，供养；C. manipulated操纵，控制；manifested表明，显示。她的评论表明了对的完全漠视，所以选D。
24. B in case万一；provided that只要；or else否则，要不然；as if好像。根据句意应选B。
25. C priceless无价的，极贵重的；countless无数的，数不尽的；incalculable不可计算的；imaginable可想像的。那位天才诗人的不幸死亡带给国家不可计算的损失。所以选C。 26. B massive厚重的，魁伟的；ominous预兆性的，恶兆的；suspending悬而未决的； imminent迫近的，即将来临的。根据句意答案为B。
27. D subjected to屈从于，隶属于；inclined to倾向于； available to供给，有用；obliged to
Frank Moorcroft UT 9128 Tomorrow/23 June $65 By credit card 6 7 8 9 10 感激。我们很感谢你和你同事的无私帮助，所以选D。 28. C descriptive描述的，叙述的；indicative指示的，预示的；deceptive欺骗性的；impressive令人印象深刻的。
29. D related to有关的；adhesive to粘性的；adherent to坚持于；adjacent to邻近的，接近的。
30. D emotion情绪的，情感的；optimistic乐观的；interested感兴趣的；critical批评的，苛刻的。
31. C disruptive性的；harmful有害的；persistent持久稳固的；interruptive中断的，阻碍的；characteristic有特征的。
32. A contagious传染性的，会感染的；spreading扩散的；contemptible可鄙的；contented满足的，心安的；depressing沉闷的，阴沉的。
33. C adamant坚硬的，顽固的；adaptable能适应的，可修改的；anxious焦急的；firm坚硬的，坚定的；talkative多话的。
34. D hyperactive极度活跃的，亢进的；hardly active几乎不活跃的；relatively active相对活跃的；extremely inactive极度不活跃的；pathologically active病态性地活跃的。只有D与题中词意思接近。 35. B lenient仁慈的，宽大的；helpful有帮助的，有益的；merciful仁慈的，慈悲的；enthusiastic热心的，热情的；intelligent聪明的。 36. D prohibitively禁止地，抑制地；determinedly断然地；incredibly不能相信地；amazingly令人惊讶地；forbiddingly禁止的。
37. A wistfully渴望地，希望地；hopefully希望地；reflectively沉思地；sympathetically同情地，怜悯地；irresistibly不可抗拒地。
38. A extravagantly挥霍无度地；lavishly浪费地；economically经济地，经济学地；thriftily节俭地；extrovertly性格外向地。
39. C vomit吐出，喷出；ignited点燃；immersed浸入；emitted释放，放出；hugged拥抱。
40. D rear后面的，后方的；advanced高级的，先进的；growing成长的；front前面的；back后面的。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
41. B 主要考查词义，slump意思是“消沉、衰退、（物价）暴跌”，四个选项中slouch意为“懒散”，decline意思是“下降，衰落，消沉”，increase意思是“上涨，增加”，与slump意思相反，stamp是指“邮票，跺（脚）”，可以看出decline为最接近的。
42. B 从第一段第四行“is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals”,以及最后一段第一句“Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorola's own mobile phone business.”可以看出选项B的意思在文中全有体现。第一段开头说“Motorola, the world's second-largest mobile phone maker”所以可见A是错误的。从第一段倒数第四行“but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint.”可以看出C也是不确切的。至于D，文章中没有提到有关工厂的事情。
43. C 第一段最后一句“Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautions about whether Motorola's mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.”是该题的依据。原文的意思是“分析家说他们喜欢这一策略，但是对于竞争者是否会愿意从竞争对手手中购买技术这一问题持谨慎态度”。可见C是恰当之选。
44. D 根据第二段第二句话“Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard.”可以很容易看出选择D。
45. A 根据第二段最后一句“GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on” network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.”可见顾客的付费应该是少了而不是多了。从第一段第二句开头“The inventor of the cell phone”可以看到B是正确的。从第一段倒数第五行“Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips”可以看出C也是正确的。依据第二段开头“The company, long known for its top-notch engineering culture”可以看出D也是正确的。
46. C 根据第三段倒数第二句话“The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane.”可知C是恰当的选项。
47. C 根据最后一段倒数第三句话“People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm.” 可知storm surge是指水而不是风，所以A不正确。根据最后一段开头的描述，飓风可能登陆时先在一个较大的可能范围内进行hurricane watch，然后在可能着陆点hurricane warning，可以看出hurricane warning比hurricane watch更严重，B不正确。根据第三段最后一句“People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.”，当风眼来临时人们如果走出房间会被风眼过去后的大风吹死，所以说在风眼来临时走出房间是不安全的，D也不正确。虽然文章中没有直接说，但通过排除法可以知道只有C是正确的。
48. C 纵观全文，讲了飓风的形成、飓风的预报、面对飓风的防范措施、飓风的消亡，总体来看A、B、D都只涉及到文章的一个方面,只有C全面概括了文章的内容，因为文章主要是讲危险的飓风的。
49. A low-lying areas主要是指“地势低平的地区”，B、C是指一层平房，主要是强调房子低矮，所以A比较恰当。
50. C 依据是原文第三段第六行“They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows.”从中可以看出预防飓风的措施包括将轻的家具、物品带入房内，盖住窗户。这两项措施分别是选项的B和D，但其中也暗含了选项C，因为将轻的物品放入房内也就意味着将重的物品带出房间，所以A也符合。只有C原文中根本未提及。
51. A 依据是文章第一段第二行“asserting that many online search engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users.”意思是说搜索引擎隐瞒了网络使用者得到搜索结果的特殊费用，可以看出是这个机构是抱怨用户被收取了特殊费用费，所以答案是A。
52. B 文章第二段最后一句说“search requests rank as the second most popular online activity after E-mail.”这句话的意思是“搜索的需求是网上仅次于E-mail的第二大受欢迎的活动”，所以网上最受欢迎的活动是收发E-mail。
53. B 文章第三段开头是这么说的：“The eight search engines named in Commercial Alert's complaint are...”，下面接着具体列举了这八种搜索引擎，可见Commercial Alert主要是投诉了这八种搜索引擎，所以B说不只八个是不正确的。
. C 认真阅读文章的第三段，看看文章中含的选项的这几个词，就不难发现，A、B、D都是拥有搜索引擎的公司的名字，只有C是CMGI公司所拥有的搜索引擎的名字，所以说A、B、D都是公司，而C是搜索引擎，故C与其他不同。
55. D 文章的最后一句是“To boost revenue, search engines in the past year have been
accepting payments from businesses interested in receiving a higher ranking in certain categories or ensuring that their sites are reviewed more frequently.”这句话的意思就是：“为了增加收入，搜索引擎在过去几年里接受了一些公司的资助，这些都是想在同类中提高地位或者愿意使网站被人们经常浏览的公司”。所以说资助搜索引擎的公司的目的就是让自己的网站被上网者多多浏览。所以答案是D。
56. B 通读全文，文章主要讲了Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall的生活，他们开始如何不停搬迁，后来又为何在Eastwood定居。而不是讲他们最小的孩子D. H. Lawrence，也不是讲整个家庭的背景，所以总体来看，最恰当、最贴近原文的就是选项B了。
57. D 文章第二段第二句“For another, they now had three small children and Lydia may have wanted to give them the kind of continuity in schooling they had never previously had.”从中可以看出答案A是一个原因。文章第三段最后一句“When the family moved to Eastwood, Arthur Lawrence was coming back to his own family's center: one of the reasons, for sure, why they stayed there.”可以找到答案B也是一个原因。文章第二段还说到Lydia开了个店，并且说“Taking on the shop may have marked her own bid for independence.”所以C也是文中提到的一个原因。只有D，在文章中根本没有体现。
58. C 文章的最后一句“Her Kent accent doubtless made Midlands people feel that she put on airs.” put on airs意思是“装腔作势”，由于Lydia有口音，所以当地人认为她装腔作势。C的意思“一个傲慢的女人”符合原意。
59. B 文章第一段第三行有这样一句话“Arthur's job as a miner had taken them where the best-paid work had been during the boom years of the 1870s.”它是说，在19世纪80年代的经济繁荣时期，Arthur不停换地方工作是因为他在不停的寻找待遇最好的地方工作，由于他换地方工作，整个家庭也就跟着他不停搬迁。A也是说要跟随Arthur到处找工作，但是最后是说在经济萧条时期，与原文不符，所以B最符合文章原意。
60. D 从文章的第一句“D. H. Lawrence was the fourth child of Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall, and their first to have been born in Eastwood.”可以看出，D. H. Lawrence是这个家庭的第四个孩子，所以D显然是错误的。
Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)
61. B narrate...as...”被描述为…。这句话的意思是：在过去的400年里，美国黑人的历史被传统地描述为是对漠然和压迫的不断斗争。其他选项的搭配不对，故选B。 62. D “oppression”，压迫。句子意思参见上题。 63. C “charted as...”引导一个定语从句。
. A 应选表示趋向的动词“progress”（前进，进步），用进行时态。 65. A “of oneself”本身。因为主语是“technology”，所以应选“of itself”。
66. C 根据就近原则，谓语动词应与主语“fiber optics”保持一致，所以选用单数形式“has”。
67. C 这里明显应填入一个形容词，四个词中只有“entire”是形容词，所以选C。
68. D 这句话的意思是：一些工具被用在工作方面。“put sth. at work”把某物用在工作方面。所以答案是D。
69. A “design sth. for the purpose”为这种目的而设计某物。其他搭配不符合文章意思，所以选A。
70. B 正确的用法是“try to do sth.”所以首先排除C、D。“accomplish”完成。“envelop”包封，遮盖，包围。根据文意，这里应填的意思是完成任务，所以选B，不选A。
71. D 显然这里要添入一个分词做伴随状语，首先排除B、C。又因为这里是主动语态，故排除A选D。
72. A 由文章的意思，这里应填“从文艺复兴开始”，所以选A“since”。 73. B 运用“is second only to（仅次于）”。
74. D by是介词，后应该跟动词ing形式，只有D选项满足这个要求。 75. A 用完成时have encountered。
76. C 这里应填反身代词，首先排除A、B。又根据句意，应是“他们自己”，所以选C。 77. D “exclude...from...”排除在…之外。又根据句意，这里应用被动语态，所以选D。 78. B 这是个定语从句，可以看出从句部分缺少主语，所以应选“that”。 79. D served适合［用，宜］于（祖先），用过去时。 80. C 注意这里不能用虚拟语气，用一般条件句。
Part Ⅴ Short Answer Questions
81. Their number declined.82. the rise of the combination company. 83. Because there was no adequate support.84. railway system. 85. Because he took an early combination company on tour.
Part Ⅵ Writing
I think it is necessary for Ph. D candidates to take an admission interview. It is essential because university professors will be able to meet their candidates in person, and ask some academic questions and inquire research work the candidates are doing or have finished more thoroughly. For example, professors will have the time and chance to listen to candidates talking about their research achievements and academic interests directly and discuss questions more deeply. Sometimes the written form of examination cannot reveal candidates’ real talents. It cannot show how well candidates could express themselves verbally and how deeply they could think about certain research problems. Through interviews, however, professors are easy to find out the answers they care for. Besides, it is also beneficial for Ph. D candidates to take an admission interview. They will have a chance to make professors understand them better.
During the interview, I think Ph. D candidates should pay attention to the following points. First they should be well prepared academically. That means they should be ready to answer all the important questions concerning their research. Second they should express themselves clearly and orderly. Third they should pay enough attention to their behaviors and attitudes, that is, they should neither too arrogant nor too humble.
As far as I am concerned, I will get academically ready first, and then be relaxed to answer all the questions. I will also dress up and behave properly. I do believe that so long as I make good preparations, I will perform well in the interview.
清华大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A Reading Essays Lectures Seminars Lisa too interesting hand writing word limit 4 6 Sasha 1 3 5 7 Olaf 2 Plagiarism × 8 9. Who are Lisa, Oalf and Sasha?
A Lisa is a lecturer. Olaf and Sasha are students.
B They are all lecturers.C Olaf and Lisa are first year students. Sasha is their tutor. D They are all college students.
10. What does Lisa think of Sasha's last seminar paper? A It was like a lecture. B It was professional. C It was rather boring. D She couldn't believe it. Section B
11. What is kinesics?
12. Raymond Birdwhistle said that the meaning of non-verbal behavior depends on the context. Give two examples of the meaning of smile.
13. Give two examples of universal emotions.
14. Give two examples of how non-verbal communication can differ from one culture to another.
15. List two ways in which verbal and non-verbal communication differ.
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)
16. Written at least 100 years ago, the handwriting faded and certainly became__________. A. infinite B. illegibleC. infectious D. immune 17. It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly__________observer of events. A. inadequate B. impassiveC. genius D. impartial 18. She was__________by the lack of appreciation shown of her hard work.
A. frustrated B. dispersedC. functioned D. displaced 19. The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into__________at once. A. diversity B. fragmentsC. doctrine D. drought
20. As the society has rigid social__________, everyone knows his role in the society. A. hemisphere B. contemptC. controversy D. hierarchy
21. Three years have__________since we last met at the conference for Internet communication in Beijing.
A. elapsed B. discernedC. discontented D. electrified 22. It turned out that he had__________the whole story just to cheat his friends. A. dissipated B. divergedC. detached D. fabricated 23. He had a clear__________of what was wrong with the machine and fixed it in a short time. A. debris B. deficiencyC. perception D. persecution
24. For ten years the problem about the water has not been solved, we came to think that it has been a __________problem in this area. A. perpetual B. persuasiveC. picturesque D. possessive 25. He was__________by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on his study.
A. pecked B. orientedC. perturbed D. paddled
26. He is often inclined to__________in other people's affairs, which is none of his business. A. manipulated B. lumberedC. meddle D. littered 27. He practiced__________on her and managed to get 2,000. A. linen B. deceptionC. longitude D. paradise
28. He was__________to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.
A. deduced B. dampedC. diminished D. destined
29. Such questions should be approached honestly and in full awareness that__________loan agreements will cost money due to cancellation or other charges.
A. compressing B. terminatingC. conforming D. contending 30. The room was full of people and smoke. She started to feel__________with the heat inside A. oppressed B. congestedC. confronted D. craned
31. The language experts believe that the__________age for learning a foreign language is 6 years old.
A. conceptual B. considerateC. optimal D. component 32. She got very angry and__________her clothes about in the room. A. flung B. flewC. clamped D. clashed
33. He knew that he would be punished severely because of his serious error. Therefore he__________away the day before yesterday.
A. cautioned B. fledC. chattered D. civilized
34. The evil manners would be__________root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government.
A. exterminated B. exemplifiedC. facilitated D. emitted 35. We all know that it is very hard to__________him to give his plan up. A. endeavor B. reduceC. assert D. induce Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40%)
A scorching sun, an endless sea of sand and a waterless, forbiddingly lonely land—that is the image most people have of deserts. But how true is this picture? Deserts are drylands where rainfall is low. This is not to say rain never falls in deserts: it may fall once or twice a year in a fierce torrent that fades almost as soon as it has begun, or which evaporates in the hot air long before it has got anywhere near the earth. It may fall in a sudden sweeping flood that carries everything in its path. Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more. The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years.
Without water no living thing can survive, and one feature of the true desert landscape is the absence of vegetation. With little rain and hardly any vegetation the land suffers under the sun. There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earth's surface and it can be burning hot. Under the sun, soils break up and crack. Wind and torrential rain sweep away and erode the surface further. Eight million square kilometers of the world's land surface is desert. Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again. Cave paintings show that parts of the Sahara Desert were green and fertile about 10,000 years ago, and even animals like elephants and giraffes roamed the land. Fossil and dunes found in fertile and damp parts of the world show that these areas were once deserts. But now the creation of new desert areas is happening on a colossal scale. Twenty million square kilometers, an area twice the size of Canada, is at a high to very high risk of becoming desert. With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk, an area covering 30% of the earth's land surface is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert. The rate of growth of deserts is alarming. The world's drylands which are under threat include some of the most important stock-rearing and wheat-growing areas and are the homes of 600—700 million people. These regions are becoming deserts at the rate of more than 58, 000 square kilometers a year or 44 hectares a minute. In North Africa at least 100, 000 hectares of cropland are lost each year. At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planet's land surface within one more century unless we are able to do something about it.
36. What does the passage tell us about rainfall in the desert? A. It never rains.B. It rains to little that nothing can live. C. It rains unexpectedly.D. It rains very infrequently. 37. Desert soils break up and crack because of__________. A. the effects of wind and rain.B. the lack of protection from the sun. C. the tropical location of deserts.D. the absence of rain. 38. What do we learn about deserts from this text?
A. Deserts can change into green and fertile areas.B. Certain areas have always been desert. C. Deserts were once the home of elephants and giraffes.
D. Deserts have been growing since the beginning of the world.
39. How much of the world's land surface is at risk of becoming desert?
A. Less than ten million square kilometers.B. Twenty million square kilometers. C. More than twenty million square kilometers.D. 30% of the world's land surface. 40. What does the writer think about the creation of new desert areas? A. It is a natural development.B. The problem is not very serious.
C. It is a very worrying problem. D. The situation will improve in time. Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
The first thing to notice is that the media we're all familiar with----from books to
television----are one-way propositions: they push their content at us. The Web is two-way, push and pull. In finer point, it combines the one-way reach of broadcast with the two-way reciprocity (互惠）of a mid-cast. Indeed, its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast----a confusing property, but mind-stretching!
A second aspect of the Web is that it is the first medium that honors the notion of multiple intelligences. This past century's concept of literacy grew out of our intense belief in text, a focus enhanced by the power of one particular technology-the typewriter. It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching, painting, notating music, or even mathematics. The type -writer prized one particular kind of intelligence, but with the Web, we suddenly have a medium that honors multiple forms of intelligence—abstract, textual, visual, musical, social, and kinesthetic. As educators, we now have a chance to construct a medium that enables all young people to become engaged in their ideal way of learning. The Web affords the match we need between a medium and how a particular person learns.
A third and unusual aspect of the Web is that it leverages (起杠杆作用）the small efforts of the many with the large efforts of the few. For example, researchers in the Maricopa County Community College system in Phoenix have found a way to link a set of senior citizens with pupils in the Longview Elementary School, as helper-mentors（顾问）. It's wonderful to see-kids listen to these grandparents better than they do to their own parents, the mentoring really helps their teachers, and the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves. Thus, the small efforts of the man—the seniors—complement the large efforts of the few—the teachers. The same thing can be found in operation at Hewlett-Packard, where engineers use the Web to help kids with science or math problems. Both of these examples barely scratch the surface as we think about what's possible when we start interlacing resources with needs across a whole region. 41. What does the word mind-stretching imply?
A. Obtaining one's mental power.B. Strengthening one's power of thought. C. Making great demands on one's mental power. D. Exerting one's mental power as far as possible.
42. What is a terrible tool for activities such as sketching and painting? A. Technology B. TypewriterC. Text D. The web
43. Which group of people make some efforts to help pupils in elementary schools? A. Teachers B. ResearchersC. Grandparents D. Senior citizens
44. The sentence the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves means the seniors__________.
A. acquire a new meaning of their livesB. understand the meaning of the web C. create a web site for themselvesD. add a new meaning to the web 45. The expression “scratch the surface” most probably means__________. A. think hard in a puzzled wayB. deal with a problem thoroughly
C. treat a subject without being thoroughD. work out a solution for a problem easily Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous “peasouper” fog in December 1952, 4, 700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A sereis of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.
Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted
a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation（发炎）. Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma（哮喘）and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.
Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis（支气管炎）and emphysema（肺气肿）, but this has yet to be proven.
Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.
46. Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experiments? A. Low concentrationsB. Fall in lung function C. Irritability of the lungsD. Air way inflammation
47. Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with__________. A. asthma B. lung diseasesC. good health D. weak health 48. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases? A. The burning of coal B. Long-term exposure to smog C. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide D. Attending school camps
49. The relationship between exposure to__________has not yet been determined. A. ozone and fall in lung functionB. ozone and lung diseases such as asthma
C. nitrogen dioxide and worse lung functionD. smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema 50. The association between__________has not yet been found in Australia. A. ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma B. hazy days and more asthma attacks in children C. the levels of particles in the air and death rates D. high levels of pollution and more symptoms
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
The events of Sept. 11 have ratcheted up security at American airports to the highest level ever, according to a spokesman for Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta. But to say there is plenty of room for improvement puts it mildly:
Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U. S. airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony Social Security numbers, lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally. None of those arrested had terrorist links, but some aviation experts said the workers were in a position to help smuggle weapons or bombs aboard aircraft if they had wanted.
Tests ordered by President Bush and conducted by federal agents at 32 airports between November and February, when airports were on highest alert, showed that Security screeners
failed to detect knives 70% of the time, guns 30% of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time.
Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administration's opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense.
Attorney General John Ashcroft said the arrests of hundreds of airport employees showed that the system of background checks—done piecemeal by airlines, private contractors and others—needs tightening. That much is painfully obvious. What isn't clear is why the system was so porous (有漏洞的）to begin with and why it wasn't immediately tightened after that infamous Tuesday in September.
Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other Security checks as flight crews do. Congress has ordered the new Transpiration Security Administration to find ways to enact just such a requirement. Unfortunately, no deadline has been set, in part because federal officials are preoccupied with getting thousands of new baggage screeners in place by Nov. 19—when the feds take over airport security—and installing bomb—detection equipment in all airports by the end of the year.
Plainly, those two goals are critical. But it would be a mistake to give low priority to fixing other gaping holes in the nation's airport security net. If the federal crackdown is going to be effective, it needs to be comprehensive.
51. The possible reason for hundreds of airport employees being arrested might be one of the following except__________.
A. using false IDB. helping others in smugglingC. being in the US illegally D. denying or not mentioning past crimes
52. Figures showed that security screeners were__________dangerous items.
A. able to detectB. not able to detectC. not effective in detecting D. very effective in detecting 53. Who is/are against the point that pilots need to be armed? A. Pilots B. Federal agents C. The administration D. Two members of the House Transportation Committee . What does the word infamous mean?
A. not famousB. well known for something bad
C. well known for something excitingD. well known for something permanent 55. Which one is NOT true according to the passage?
A. All the passengers are supposed to go through security checks. B. All the airport workers are supposed to go through security checks. C. All the flight crews are supposed to go through security checks.
D. Not all the federal officials are supposed to go through security checks.
Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible__56__of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea__57__, or patent it.
A__58__patent is the result of a bargain__59__between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public
after that period__60__.
Only in the most exceptional circumstances__61__the lifespan of a patent__62__to alter this normal process of events.
The longest extension ever__63__was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent's normal life there was no color TV to ____and thus no hope for reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently__65__after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the__66__office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if__67__than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone__68__to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through__69__patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventor's right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form__70__invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally__71__to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is__72__on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely__73__in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is theft reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, __74__makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate __75__the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear. 56. A. work B. possibility C. measures D. courses 57. A. open B. covered C. secret D. improved 58. A. granted B.granting C. inventing D. invented 59. A. striking B. struck C. to be striking D. to strike 60. A. terminating B. continuing C. continues D. terminates 61. A. are B. to be C. be D. is
62. A. extending B. will extend C. extended D. to be extended 63. A. granted B. granting C. to grant D. being granted . A. receiving B. sending C. receive D. send
65. A. public B. secret C. close D. concealed 66. A. customer B. commerce C. patent D. television 67. A. longer B. older C. weaker D. younger 68. A. wished B. refusing C. refused D. wishing 69. A. live B. dead C. working D. recording 70. A. temporarily B. suddenly C. permanently D. sharply 71. A. dangerous B. undesirable C. safe D. terrible 72. A. constructed B. sent C. anticipated D. based 73. A. involving B. involved C. contained D. containing 74. A. which B. when C. that D. where 75. A. with B. off C. before D. from
Part Ⅴ Writing (20%)
Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of China's
Entry into WTO on Ph. D Program in China” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. 中国加入WTO后，博士研究生的培养也会受到一定程度的影响。 2. 探讨一下会产生哪些方面的影响，是积极的还是消极的影响等。 3. 你个人的看法如何。
试 题 详 解
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension （略）
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary
16. B infinite无限的；illegible难辨认的，字迹模糊的；infectious有传染性的，易感染的；immune免疫的。
17. D inadequate不足的；impassive被动的，冷漠的；genius天才，天赋；impartial公平的，不偏不倚的。
18. A frustrated失败，落空；dispersed被分散的，散布的；functioned活动，运行；displaced取代，代替。
19. B diversity差异，多样性；fragments碎片，断片；doctrine教条，学说；drought干旱，缺乏。
20. D hemisphere半球；contempt轻视；controversy争论；hierarchy层次，层级。 21. A elapsed(时间）过去，流逝；discerned辨别，看清楚；discontented不满意的；electrified使充电，使电气化。
22. D dissipated沉迷于酒色的，消散的；diverged分叉，分歧；detached分开的，分离的；fabricated捏造，虚构。
23. C debris碎片，残骸；deficiency缺乏，不足；perception理解，感知；persecution。
24. A perpetual永久的；persuasive善说服的；picturesque独特的；possessive所有的，物主的。
25. C pecked啄食；oriented导向；perturbed感到不安；paddled划桨，搅拌。
26. C manipulated操作，操纵；lumbered伐木，笨重的行动；meddle干涉；littered乱丢垃圾。
27. B linen亚麻布；deception欺骗，诡计；longitude经度，经线；paradise天堂。 28. D deduced推论，演绎出；damped使潮湿，使沮丧；diminished减少，贬低；destined注定，命定的。
29. B compressing压缩；terminating使终结；conforming符合，一致；contending竞争，主张。
30. A oppressed压抑，压迫；congested拥挤的；confronted面临，对抗；crane起重机。 31. C conceptual概念上的；considerate考虑周到的；optimal最佳的，最理想的；component组成的，构成的。
32. A flung是fling的过去式，抛，掷，扔；flew是fly的过去式，飞翔，飘扬；clamped夹住，夹紧；clashed猛撞，冲击。
33. B cautioned警告；fled是flee的过去式；逃逸；chattered喋喋不休的谈；civilized文明的。
34. A exterminated消除；exemplified例示；facilitated使便利，推动；emitted发出。释放。
35. D endeavor努力，尽力；reduce减少，还原；assert断言；induce说服，促使。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
36. D 第一段的最后一句“Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more. The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years.”从中可以看出，沙漠不是不降雨，而是很少降雨，infrequently意为“罕见地，稀少地”，故D是符合题意的选项。
37. B 根据第二段第三句“There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earth's surface and it can be burning hot. Under the sun, soils break up and crack...”，在沙漠地区没有云、没有树保护地面，地面很容易曝晒，因此裂开，所以应该选B地面缺乏保护。
38. A 文章第二段第六行“Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again.”这段中谈到，一些肥沃的地方以前曾经是沙漠，而现在的沙漠以前也曾经是沃土和绿洲。所以A符合文章的内容。
39. C 文章第二段中间有一句话“Twenty million square kilometers, an area twice the size of Canada, is at a high to very high risk of becoming desert. With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk.”这句话是说，2000万平方公里的土地面临着成为沙漠的高危险，而125万平方公里的土地有中度危险，加起来就是答案C—超过2000万平方公里的土地面临着成为沙漠的危险。
40. C 文章最后一句话作者是这样写的“At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planet's land surface within one more century unless we are able to do something about it.” 作者的意思是，如果我们不采取措施我们将会面临着很严重的危机，所以说A、B、D都不是文章的本意，只有C符合。
41. C 先找到这个词所在的句子“Indeed, its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast—a confusing property, but mind-stretching!”这句话是说，在网络上人们可以是信息接受者也可以是发布者，这很让人有点迷惑，但是却对人的思维有很高要求。可以看出mind-stretching的意思是C。
42. B 文章中的第八行“It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching, painting, notating music, or even mathematics.” 这其中的it可以从紧跟的上文中找到是the typewriter，所以是说typewriter对sketching和painting来说是不好的工具。
43. D 文章的倒数第五行有这么一句：“Thus, the small efforts of the man—the seniors—complement the large efforts of the few—the teachers.”结合上文，说的是小学请来年长者作为顾问，所以是年长者努力帮助小学生，故选D。
44. A 这一句“the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves”意思是“这些老人也感觉到了自己的价值”。纵观选项，B、C、D都是说的有关网络的内容，而这句话并没有涉及网络的内容，故A是符合其本意的。
45. C scratch乱涂，擦，刮，抓，挖出。可以看出词组“scratch the surface”的意思是“只接触表面”，只有C是跟这个意思相符的。C的意思是“处理某事物不全面”，因此选C。
46. A 选择依据是原文第二段这样一句话：Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation(发炎）. 从中可以看出，B、C、D选项都是laboratory experiments的结果之一；
但是low concentration只是实验的条件之一；换言之，一方面，low concentration不是实验结果，而是实验条件；另一方面，low concentration不是惟一的实验条件，而只是实验条件之一（可能还有high concentration等实验条件存在）。
47. C 原文第二段有这样一句原文：Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma（哮喘） and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. 从中可以看出该题选项C才是正确的。
48. D Attending school camps。该题要选择不是lung disease的原因的选项，另外三项在原文中作者都用确凿的口吻说明是lung disease的原因，比如第一段结尾处“A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.”，其他B、C两项在原文中也有涉及。而D项，Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. 这里有助于分析文章的信息来自even at quite low concentrations of ozone, 而非Groups of children attending school camps,换言之，对于文章的理解而言，Groups of children attending school camps并无实际作用，只会干扰读者的分析思路。
49. D 判断依据是来自原文中的一句话“It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎）and emphysema（肺气肿）, but this has yet to be proven”。那么可见该题答案应该是D，smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema。本题完全是根据原文原句做答；只是用同义词determine代替了prove。
50. C 参看原文Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. 意思是说，最近发现北美空气中微粒的浓度与死亡率之间存在联系，但是原因尚不知晓，而且在澳大利亚并未发现此类现象。
51. B 参看原文Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U. S. airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony Social Security numbers, lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally. 可见，数百名机场雇员被逮捕的原因有：using phony Social Security numbers（使用假冒的社会安全号）；lying about criminal convictions（隐瞒犯罪事实）、being in the United States illegally（非法留居美国）。
52. C 题干问：Figures showed that security screeners were_______dangerous item. 在危险物品方面，数据显示安检仪：选项A说能检测；B说不能检测；C说不能高效率地检测；而D说能很高效率地检测。根据原文：security screeners failed to detect knives 70% of the time, guns 30% of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time. 该题答案很容易判断应该为C。 53. C 原文Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administration's opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense. 中文意思是：House Transportation Committee中的两个成员力图推翻administration反对武装pilot。可见，反对武装pilot的是administration。而pilot自身，原文中也有提及，pilot的代表群体坚持认为他们的成员需要被武装，作为他们最后一道安全线。 . B infamous声名狼藉的。
55. B 原文中有Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other security checks as flight crews do，所以all airport workers没有经过安全检查，因此人们建议应当对他们进行检查。
Part Ⅳ Cloze
56. D 从上下文的意思来看，是说发明家有三个选择或路线，要么公开发表，要么不公布，要么注册专利。因此根据词义与句意应该选course,意思是“方针、路线”。
57. C 从上下文来看，是说发明者将发明密而不发，因此先从词义排除掉A和D。covered的意思中. “隐蔽着的，掩藏着的”，secret的意思是“秘密的，隐秘的”，比较来看C更好一些，常用keep...secret表示“将某事保守秘密”。
58. A 这里是指“注册的”专利，grant意为“同意，准许，授予”，多用作及物动词，这里用granted表示“已经被批准、被授予的”
59. B 实际上应该是“a bargain which is struck between an inventor and the state”, which引导一个定语从句修饰bargain，这里省略了which is，故应该用strike的过去分词struck。 60. D 这一句的意思是，发明家先有一段垄断时期，这段时间结束以后就要把发明的所有细节公诸于众。terminate的意思是“停止，结束，终止”，而且是在after引导的从句中，故应该选择terminates。
61. D 这是一个only引导状语放在句首的倒装句，故此处应该填be的正确形式，主语是the lifespan of a patent，故应该选单数的形式is。
62. C 这是与上一个题相联系的，是is后面的动词，其实这个倒装句如果改成正常语序应该是“the lifespan of a patent is extended to alter this nromal process of this events”。
63. A 类似于58题的用法，也是指“被批准的”最长的时间延长，grant的过去分词granted修饰extension。
. C 从上下文的意思来看，是说有个人的彩电线路专利被延长了很多年，是因为一直以来没有彩电来“接收”这一线路。此处to不是介词，后面跟动词原形，可知receive为最恰当选项。
65. A 从前文的描述可以看出，专利在一定时期结束之后是要公诸于众的，所以这里应该选public,意为“公开的”。
66. C 本文一直是在讲专利，所以说应该是专利办公室的图书馆里有无数的专利信息可供人们自由使用，从语意上可知选patent 。
67. B 这里是说如果专利的时间超过了50年还应该再注册，所以应该是older than。 68. D 从结构上来看，wishing to avoid a high cost是修饰anyone的，所以应该用动名词结构做定语，从意思上来看，人们当然是愿意通过剽窃专利以避免高额的研发费用，所以是选wish而不是refuse。
69. A 从意思来看，是说人们想避免在仍有效的专利中搜索的高额费用，因此可能有人会去剽窃a dead patent，与下文的这个词组相对应，可以看出应该是选live。
70. C 联系上下文的意思，某一观点的任何形式的公开发表都会使这一观点的其他专利无效，所以从四个选项的意思来看C比较合适。
71. C 根据前文的意思，在同一个领域里有人发表注册了某一观点，那其他的也就无效了，只有从别的领域里提取观点才是安全的。
72. D 考查搭配，注意空格后面是on, base on建立在…基础上，四个选项中只有base能很好的与on相搭配。
73. B 也是一种常用用法，involve含有，包括，牵涉，说“某人涉及某事”通常说“somebody be involved in something”，这里是做定语，所以是involved in。
74. C 这是一个强调句型，为了方便看清句子的结构可以先将句中中间的补充说明部分跳过，这样整个句子就变成了“It is theft reduction to commercial practice that makes news and money.”强调theft reduction，所以这个空应该填that。
75. D 固定搭配，originate from，意为“发源于，来源于”。这句话的意思是“大部分电视机
方面的最初观念都源于19世纪末期和20世纪初期。”
Part Ⅴ Writing
As China has joined WTO, it will bring about some positive and negative effects on various fields including economy, agriculture, industry, banking, etc. Education should be regarded as one of these fields, which will be influenced likewise. In my opinion, the influence on Ph. D programs in China will be as follows:
There will be, I think, three positive effects. First, Ph. D programs in China will be more open and there will be more joint programs, which will be beneficial to Ph. D candidates because they will be easily exposed to what is happening in foreign countries. Second, there will be competition among Ph. D programs. That means, the best students will be able to participate in the excellent programs. The last one is that something new will be brought into our programs, which will make our programs closer to the frontiers in various research projects.
There is only one negative effect as far as I am concerned now. If some foreign programs enter China powerfully, it will cause brain drawn. Some top talents whom the country needs, will go abroad very easily and will not return.
Anyhow, I believe that China's entry into WTO will be beneficial to Ph. D education in China.
清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%) (略）
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.
21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country. A. clash B. clarify C. clarity D. clatter 22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high. A. prosperous B. secretive C. slack D. shrill
23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.
A. plight B. polarization C. plague D. pigment 24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.
A. presidency B. prestige C. postscript D. preliminary
25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.
A. optimistic B. optional C. optimal D. oppressed
26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.
A. paradises B. omissions C. orchards D. outskirts 27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.
A. presumed B. proposed C. presented D. presided 28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.
A. outgrew B. overthrew C. overpassed D. overflew 29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.
A. retarded B. retired C. refrained D. retreated 30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues. A. precedence B. prosperity C. presumption D. probability 31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________. A. torrent B. transient C. tensile D. textured 32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.
A. weary B. twilight C. unanimous D. weird 33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.
A. wink B. withhold C. wither D. widower
34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.
A. segregation B. specification C. spectrum D. subscription 35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening. A. repealed B. resented C. relayed D. reproached 36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a __________event.
A. cholesterol B. charcoal C. catastrophic D. chronic 37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.
A. segments B. sediments C. seizures D. secretes 38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.
A. civilized B. chattered C. chambered D. chorded
39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.
A. commenced B. compressed C. compromised D. compensated
40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers. A. sensationally B. simultaneously C. strenuously D. simply
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This
non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.
People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.
The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.
A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.
Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.
International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.
41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.
A. ground water B. rainwater C. drinking water D. fresh water 42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater? A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.
B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform. D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.
43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank? A. a barrier B. a wire screen C. a first-flush D. a storage tank 44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________. A. mosquito insects B. a fitted cover C. a first-flush device D. sunlight
45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?
A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank. B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.
C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform. D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child
clinics.
The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.
Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.
46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________. A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiences C. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains
D. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced 47. The child in the nursery__________.
A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervals C. always accepts the rhythm of the world around them D. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly
48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________. A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachers
C. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes 49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.
A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toy C. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation 50. Parental controls and discipline__________.
A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possible C. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happiness Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish
parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.
That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.
“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.
Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.
51. The best title of this passage is__________. A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in America C. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students
52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish. A. most
B. 93% of those whose parents were both Jewish C. 62% of those only whose father were Jewish D. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish
53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.
A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faith C. marriage of people of different religious faiths D. marriage of people who have faith in each other
. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?
A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.
C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study. 55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?
A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.
B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.
C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.
D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.
Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.
“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”
Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes. 56. Which of the following is true about Olson?
A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity. C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland. D. He was against the ownership of private property.
57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?
A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building. B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.
C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.
D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor. 58. What does Olson think about mass production? A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.
C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills. 59. What is the basis for the banking system?
A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks. C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers. D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.
60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries? A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rights C. being short of capitalD. lack of a free market
Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)
For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed____earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea. 61. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake 62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring
63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end . A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow 65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at 66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see
67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone 68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that 69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere 70. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such 71. A. treat together well B. pass together well
C. get on well together D. go by well together 72. A. him a single word B. him not one word
C. a single word to him D. not one word to him 73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myself D. myself up 74. A. draft B. voice C. air D. sound 75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing 76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut 77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like that
C. as I did so D. at doing so 78. A. It was no one B. There was no one
C. It was anyone D. There was anyone 79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lock
C. remind locking D. remember locking 80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumped
C. must have jumped D. could be jumped
Part Ⅴ Writing (20%)
Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是 。 2. 使我难忘的原因是 。 3. 它对我后来的影响是 。
试 题 详 解
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (略）
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)
21. C clarity清澈，clash（金属等的）刺耳的撞击声，clarify澄清，阐明，clatter（硬物等落下或相撞时发出的）连续而清脆的撞击声。
22. C slack（经济）不景气、不活跃的，prosperous繁荣的，secretive秘密的、偷偷摸摸的，shrill尖声的。
23. A plight困境，polarization分化，plague瘟疫、天灾，pigment色素，颜料。 24. C postscript附言、后记，presidency任期，prestige声望、威望，preliminary预备的、初步的。
25. C optimal最佳的，optimistic乐观的，optional可选择的、随意的，oppressed受压抑的。
26. D outskirts边界、（尤指）市郊，paradise天堂，omission省略、遗漏的东西，orchard果园。
27. D preside over主持，presume假定，认为；propose计划、提议，present介绍、提
出。
28. B overfly飞越空中；overpass超越、超出；outgrow长大，长出；overthrow冲进。前三个词后面不能接into, overthrow能接into/onto。
29. A retard延迟，retire退休、退却，refrain节制、避免，retreat撤退，退却。 30. A precedence优先、居先，take precedence over居于…之前，prosperity繁荣，presumption假定，probability可能性。
31. B transient短暂的，torrent奔流的，tensile可拉长的，textured粗糙的，有织纹的。 32. D weird怪异的，weary疲倦的，twilight模糊的，unanimous意见一致的。
33. C wither枯萎，wink终止、熄灭，withhold忍住，widower鳏夫。 34. A segregation分开、分离，specification详述，规范，spectrum光谱，频谱，subscription捐献，订阅，同意。
35. D reproach责备，reproach oneself for somethin为某事而自责，repeal废止、否定，resent愤恨、怨恨，relay使接替、传播。
36. C catastrophic adj.悲惨的、灾难的，cholesterol n.胆固醇，charcoal n.木炭，chronic adj.慢性的。
37. A segment段、节，sediment沉淀物，seizure抓住，夺取，secrete隐藏。
38. D chord调（乐器的）弦，civilize使开化，chatter喋喋不休地谈，chamber把……关在房间里。
39. B compress压缩，commence开始，compromise妥协、折衷，compensate补偿。 40. B simultaneously同时地，sensationally轰动性地，strenuously费力地，simply简单地。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
41. B 文章第二段第二句It (rainwater) is a safe, dependable source of drinking water。雨水是饮用水一个安全可靠的来源，应选B。
42. A 第二段第三句Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments.和地下水不同，雨水不含矿物质或盐类，因此无需化学处理。据此推理，使用雨水可省去化学处理费用，成本自然较低。
43. B 第三段最后两句At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank。水箱上面有一个所谓的first-flush的装置，是用铁丝网做的。这一屏障能防止雨水中灰尘和树叶掉落到水箱中。题干中actually“到底”一词很关键，据此可排除C选项，而选出B。
44. D 第五段最后一句However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer。然而如果袋子没有受到阳光破坏的话，使用寿命可以更长。据此可知，袋子有可能被太阳光破坏，所以选D。
45. C 最后一段第一句International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom。国际开发企业称雨水贮存系统应该建在一个高起的平台上以防止昆虫咬穿底部进入系统，选C。
46. B 依据文章第一段的第一句和最后一句可知解决少儿发展过程中出现的问题的原则是让孩子重新感受、体验他们在早期发展中应该但却未能充分体验的东西，所以选B。
47. B 第二段开头The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on。在托儿所里，婴儿们开始学习遵守纪律。哪怕是最小的孩子也得一步步教他学会等待食物，学会有规律地作息等等。据此可知，托儿所里的孩子并不是一开始就作息有规律，而是慢慢学会
的。
48. D 第三段讲了在孩子学习新技能时，家长若急于求成往往会适得其反，导致揠苗助长，但如果反过来，家长对孩子不管不问也会让孩子失去学习的热情。词组on the other hand很关键，暗示了两个极端，选D。
49. D 第四段最后两句说家长和孩子可以通过一起玩玩具玩游戏如搭积木、拼图和猜字游戏来促进彼此之间的沟通与合作，所以选D。
50. A 最后一段的最后一句In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being。总的来说，家长对孩子的监督既体现了家长的要求及社会的价值观又要反映孩子的快乐和幸福。所以是实现双重目标。as much as是关键词组，选A。
51. B 整篇文章都在讲述美国有犹太血统的人是否认为自己是犹太人这一问题，所以选B。
52. B 根据第二段第一二句可知调查表明双亲都是犹太人的新生中有93%认为自己也是犹太人。
53. C interfaith marriage意为“不同宗教信仰者间的婚姻”，因此选C。
. B 根据第二段第一句可知调查是针对加州大学所有新生进行的，而并非只调查犹太新生。所以B是错误的。
55. D 根据最后一段第三句Hillel委托进行（commission)了一个调查，研究犹太人对犹太教的态度，所以D正确。
56. C 第一段最后一句Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Olson一直在马里兰大学任经济学教授直到1998年去世，所以选C。
57. A 第二段第一句的后半句Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creatin wealth. Olson把那个论点翻了个个儿，声称这种权利（财产权）对于创造财富至关重要，所以选A。
58. B 第三段最后一句This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really propertyintensive, Olson observes. 这种生产（批量生产）往往被称为资本密集型生产，但Olson认为其实这是财产密集型生产，所以选B。
59. A 根据第五段第二句可知银行体系的基础就是银行与其客户之间的协议可以得到执行，选A。
60. B 根据最后一段可知Olson认为第三世界国家贫困的真正原因在于人们没有个利，也就没有动力去创造财富。 Part Ⅳ Cloze
61. D 固定搭配for the sake of，意为“为了，由于”。
62. A 形容人感到疲倦用tired，形容某事或某物能引起疲劳，很累人用tiring；修饰形容词时，enough放在形容词后。
63. C be over意为“结束”。achieve实现，finish是动词跟在journey应加词尾-es, in the end最后。
. B quite, rather, fairly这几个副词均可表示“适度的”，“在某种程度上”或“不很”的意思，常用以改变所修饰的形容词或副词的分量。但是只有rather可与比较级的词语连用somehow adv. 不知怎地。
65. A arrive in/at some place表示到达某地，没有arrive to这一搭配；reach作“到达”解时，为及物动词，后面无需加介词。
66. D I was surprised to see看到……使我很惊讶，固定搭配。be surprised at something
因某事物而吃惊。
67. D expect to do something预计/原先以为会做某事，固定结构。lonely强调寂寞的感觉，alone只表示一人独处，并不强调寂寞感。
68. A like和as都表示“像……一样”，不同之处在于like后面跟词，而as引导从句； similar to, the same as和like的意思、用法相似。
69. D anywhere意为“任何地方，随处”，强调任何；in each place在每个地方，强调每个；somewhere某个地方，for all parts语义不明。
70. D clothes是复数，不能用a修饰；修饰名词（good clothes）应用such，而so用来修饰形容词。
71. C get on well together意为“相处融洽”，treat each other well也可以，其余都不对。 72. C say something to somebody对某人说某事，固定搭配。tell somebody something也可以。主句中已有否定词not，从句中就不必再加了。
73. D cover something/somebody up和cover up something/somebody都对，但如果something/somebody是用代词表示的话，则只能用cover something/somebody up，且这里应该用反身代词，所以选cover myself up。
74. A draft意为“通风气流”，根据上下文可判断作者感觉到的是一股冷风。
75. A forget to do意为“忘记做应该做的事”，forget doing意为“已经做过某事，但忘记了，以为还没做”。
76. A 此处起床的目的是去关门，所以选to shut the door。 77. C as I did so意为“当我穿过房间的时候”。
78. B 根据上下文可推知此处要表达的意思是“床上没有人”，所以用there be结构的否定。
79. D remember doing something意为“想起来曾经做过的事”，remember to do something意为“记得要做未做之事”。
80. C must have done something表示对过去把握比较大的推测，意为“肯定已经”。 Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work
The most unforgettable thing in my research career by now is a course named aspects of translation that was given in the second semester when I was a senior undergraduate student.
One of the reasons for which the course has left such a deep impression on me is that it was the first time I learned to look at and study translation from a completely new perspective, the perspective of linguistics. Before taking that course, I though that translation was no more than the mechanic practice of turning texts written in one language into those in another and didn't realize that it had anything to do with linguistics, though, in retrospect, the link ought to be obvious for linguistics is the science that studies language properly. It was very fortunate for me to attend during the same semester the course Introduction to Linguistics, which helped me pave the way for the study of that critical course. Obvious as the link between the two disciplines was, it was still a giant project to actually connect the two and the course proved to be very brain-consuming. However, once the barriers collapsed, the landscape altered and became much more open. I could appreciate many beautiful scenes that I had never discovered before.
Encouraged by the first attempt at inter-disciplinary study, in my later research and life I always try to bridge what I have learned in different courses and different aspects of life, to fill them into my jigsaw of knowledge about the world and myself and to complete it and perfect myself.
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