2010年高考题型指导(完形填空Ⅰ)

语 境 理 解

考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。语境理解是高考完形填空题考查的重点，充分体现了高考“突出语境、淡化语法”的改革思路和命题精神。这些空有的需要根据上文信息作答，有的需要根据下文信息作答，有的则需要上下文信息的结合，甚至通篇读完后才能作出正确选择。例如：

A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had 36 a beautiful sports car in a dealer’s showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted. (2009 辽宁卷)

36. A. expected B. enjoyed C. admired D. owned

【解析】如果孤立地看空格处，四个动词后都可以跟a beautiful sports car，但根据in a dealer’s showroom可知，这辆车尚在陈列室，而B和D项都表示已经拥有了这辆漂亮的跑车，因此可排除。结合后文内容可知，年轻人已羡慕这辆车数月，希望父亲给他买，故选C。

逻 辑 关 系 考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语，必须弄清句子前后的逻辑关系，才可作出正确选择。例如：

In the complex and technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in contact with many other members. 44 , viewing children as necessary members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as those of subordination. (2008福建卷) 44. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Therefore

【解析】此题考查考生的语篇理解能力。每个家庭成员都要完成一定的角色任务，并和其他成员密切接触，因此，孩子也被看作家庭必要的一份子。分析语境可知，前后为因果关系，故选D。

习 惯 搭 配

考查考生对英语常见固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配、动词与介词或副词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配等。例如：

Paul walked on silently. “Look, there it is again. We’re lost, aren’t we?” complained Peter. Paul had to admit that he didn’t know where they were. After all, they were a long distance from where they were 49 to be.

...

Carefully, the boys followed the marks that they had left, until finally they found their campsite. Hurriedly, they packed their belongings and set off 55 the direction of the river. (2009江西卷)

49. A. discovered B. encouraged C. persuaded D. supposed 55. A. for B. to C. at D. in

【解析】第49题考查固定结构be supposed to do sth.，意为“应该做某事”，故选D。第55题考查固定结构in the direction of， 意为“朝……方向”，故选D。

固 定 句 型

He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was (hard) to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels. He thought about what he could do. There was no 40 asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to spare. (2009北京卷)

40. A. point B. reason C. result D. right

【解析】本句考查固定句型。There is / was no point (in) doing sth. “做某事没有意义”，符合文意，故选A。

背 景 常 识 考查考生在日常学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的背景知识。例如：

Last week, a young man ahead of me in the line at a petrol station didn’t have enough money to pay for his petrol. I asked the money collector,“How much short is he?”She told me he had meant to put $15 of petrol in his car but he had been looking at the wrong gauge (计量表) and had put in 15 48 , which came to just over $20. That is an easy mistake as both gauges run fast. (2009安徽卷)

48. A. litres B. kilograms C. pounds D. kilometres 【解析】根据语境，本题应填汽油的度量单位；而根据常识，汽油的度量单位为litre(升)，是容量单位，故选A。kilogram为重量单位；pound可为重量单位或货币单位(英镑)；kilometre为长度单位。又如：

But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble 45 . (2004北京卷)

A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing

【解析】跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸困难了，我们一般都会有这样的生活经历，所以答案是 D。

逻 辑 推 理

考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识和经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。例如： “Did I do something 38 ? Don’t you love me any more, Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I laughingly asked him what was wrong. (2008全国卷II)

38. A. wrong B. funny C. strange D. smart

【解析】由上文可知，母亲以前给儿子送午餐时，都要在上面附上一张纸条，可这次儿子却没有得到午餐字条，所以他认为自己做错了什么，以为妈妈不爱他了。故选A。 词 语 辨 析

考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。几个选项的词性相同、意义相近，要求我们在特定的语境中区分它们之间的差别。例如：

James shook his money box again. Nothing! He carefully counted the coins that lay on the bed. $24. 52 was all that he had. The bicycle he wanted was at least $90! How on earth was he going to get the rest of the money?

He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was 39 to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels. He thought about what he could do. There was no (point) asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to 41 . (2009北京卷)

39. A. brave B. hard C. smart D. unfair

41. A. split B. spend C. spare D. save

【解析】第39题考查形容词词义辨析。根据上句“朋友都有自行车”可以推断，下句是要表达如果你是唯一没有自行车的人，跟朋友相处就变得困难了，四个选项中只有B项符合题意。第41题考查动词词义辨析。split “、分离、劈开”；spend “花费、消耗”；spare “节约、节省、提供给某人”；save “储蓄、保留”。四个选项中只有 C项符合文意。又如： I want to thank you for teaching me a very valuable lesson in life by the great example you set. When we were eating at that café in Bondi and a person who had 38 his hamburger didn’t have

enough money to pay for it, without any hesitation, you went over and put the extra $2 into his hand. (2009安徽卷)

38. A. ordered B. booked C. offered D. bought

【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。在饭店吃饭，一般是先点菜、后付钱。四个选项中，order和book较难区分，二者有如下区别：book的宾语是表示票、座位、房间等的词；而order的宾语是表示货物、饭菜、衣服等的词。故选A。

语 法 知 识

虽然完形填空题主要以考查语义理解为主，但间或也会渗透语法知识。例如：

When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker, lost all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times 37 his strong-minded grandfather was nearly penniless, he loaded his family into the car and took them to see family members in Canada with a belief, “There are more important things in life than money.” (2009福建卷)

37. A. when B. while C. how D. why

【解析】根据对语境和句意的分析可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为times，所填词在从句中充当时间状语，应使用关系副词when，故选A。