动词的各种分类及用法

一：动词分类

1.按语法功能

类别

含有实在的意义

实义动词

意义

,表示动作或状态

在句子中能独立作谓语。过去式，过去分词本身有一定的词义

。

,但不能独立作谓

常见例词

例句

,Study，learn，enjoyShe has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。等They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土

豆。

I’m reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。

系动词：1.be seem His father is a teacher.appear turn

Twins usually look the same.

老师变得

他父亲是教师。

语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。用法：连系动词+形容词

连系动词

有4种变化形式：三单，现在分词，

2.look sound taste 双胞胎通常看起来一样。

smell feel 感官类The teacher became very angry. 3.get

turn

grow 很生气。

become go 变化类4.stay remain keep continue维持类

本身没有词义

助动词

,不能独立作谓语

,只be,have,

He doesn’t speak English. We are playing basketball. Do you have a brother?

他不说英语。我们在打篮球。你有兄弟吗？

能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词

,用do,will,shall

来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。本身有一定的意义

,不能独立作谓

can, need, will,

may, must, You can keep the books for two weeks. have

to,

这些书你可以借两个星期。May I smoke here? We must go now.

我可以在这儿抽烟吗？我们现在得走了。

should,

情态动词

语,只能和实意动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化情态动词有过去式。

,有些would

2.按是否带宾语：及物和不及物动词

及物动词不及物动词

及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

1.V+宾语2.V+宾语+宾补3.V+间宾+直宾

buy, catch, invent, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find,

make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hear等give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook等

go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit

break down 坏了catch on 出名come to恢复意识drop by顺便拜访go back回到run out用完go on发生，继续

不及物动词本常见不及物动词身意义完整，无需接宾语。不及物动词短语不及物+介词+宾语

3.延续和非延续动词4.动词用法

:非延续动词表瞬间动作，

一经发生立即结束，不能接时间短，常见动词：

等。

buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come

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be（am, is,

are, were

was,

be+ doing be+ done

have done

构成进行时构成被动语态构成完成时态

I am doing my homework. The letter was received yesterday. I have finished my work.

have\\has

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