美国文学（本科）试题6I.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorphrases:(20%,1pointforeach)1.In1817,thestatelypoemcalled“Thanatopsis”introducedthebestpoet,______,toappearinAmericauptothattime.2.JamesFennimoreCooperlaunchedtwokindsofimmenselypopularstories:theseaadventureand______.3.RalphEmersonwasrecognizedthroughouthislifeastheleaderof______movement,yetheneverappliedthetermtohimselfortohisbeliefsandideas.4.HermanMelville’snovel______isatremendouschronicleofawhalingvoyageinpursuitofaseeminglysupernaturalwhitewhale.5.Intheearly19thcentury,WashingtonIrvingwrote______whichbecamethefirstworkbyanAmericanwritertowinfinancialsuccessonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.6.In1845,HenryDavidThoreaubeganatwo-yearresidenceat______Pond.7.Afterhisdeath,______becametheonlyAmericantobehonoredwithabustinthePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey.8.TheAmericanRomanticperiodstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutburstofthe______.9.Thearbiterof19thcenturyliteraryrealisminAmericawas______.10.ThepoeticstyleWaltWhitmandevisedisnowcalled______,whichispoetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.11.______isconsideredthefounderofpsychologicalrealism.Hebelievedthatrealityliesintheimpressionsmadebylifeonthespectator.12.______isthenovelintowhichJackLondonputmostofhimself.13.O.Henry’s______isaverymovingstoryofayoungcouplewhoselltheirbestpossessionsinordertogetmoneyforaChristmaspresentforeachother.14.______wastheleaderofanewmovementinpoetrywhichhecalledthe“Imagist”movement.15.In1925,F.ScottFitzgeraldcompletedhisbestnovel______.Itisthestoryofanidealistwhowasdestroyedbytheinfluenceofthewealthy,pleasure-seekingpeoplearoundhim.16.ErnestHemingway’sstatureasawriterwasconfirmedwiththepublicationofhisnovel______in1929.Thenovelportrayedafarewellbothtowarandtolove.17.______wastheforemostnovelistoftheAmericanDepressionofthe1930s.18.WilliamFaulknerconsidered__________tobe“thefirsttrulyAmericanwriter”.19.Asagenre,naturalismemphasizedheredityand______asimportantdeterministicforcesshapingindividualizedcharactersthatwerepresentedinspecialanddetailedcircumstances.20.AseriesofsixteenpamphletsbyThomasPainewasentitled______.II.Eachofthefollowingstatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswersorcompletions.Choosetheonethatisthebestineachcase:(30%,1pointforeach)1.MobyDickwasdedicatedto____.A.RalphEmersonB.NathanielHawthorneC.HenryThoreauD.HenryLongfellow2.____wasMarkTwain’smasterpiecefromwhich,asHemingwaynoted,“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.”A.TheAdventuresofTomSawyerB.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnC.LifeontheMississippiD.TheGildedAge3.____usuallywasregardedasthefirstAmericanwriter.A.EmilyBradfordB.AnnBradstreetC.EmilyDickinsonD.JohnSmith4.BenjaminFranklinwastheepitomeofthe____.A.AmericanEnlightenmentB.SugarActC.ChartistmovementD.Romanticist5.ThomasJefferson’sattitude,thatis,afirmbeliefinprogress,andthepursuitofhappiness,istypicaloftheperiodwenowcall____.A.AgeofEvolutionB.AgeofReasonC.AgeofRomanticismD.AgeofRegionalism6.Asaliteraryandphilosophicalmovement,____flourishedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.A.modernismB.rationalismC.sentimentalismD.transcendentalism7.____isNOTwrittenbyRalphWaldoEmerson.A.TheAmericanScholarB.Self-RelianceC.TheDivinitySchoolAddressD.CivilDisobedience8.ThereisagoodreasontostatethatNewEnglandTranscendentalismwasactually____onthePuritansoil.A.RomanticismB.SymbolismC.MysticismD.Rationalism9.Americanliteratureproducedonlyonefemalepoetduringthe19thcentury.Thiswas____.A.AnneBradstreetB.JaneAustenC.EmilyDickinsonD.HarrietBeecher10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutO.HenryisNOTright?A.Hewroteaboutthepoorpeople.B.Theendsofhisstoriesarealwayssurprising.C.Manyofhisstoriescontainagreatdealofslangandcolloquialexpressions.D.Theplotsareusuallyclumsy.11.Themainthemeof____’sTheArtofFictionrevealshisliterarycredothatrepresentationoflifeshouldbethemainobjectofthenovel.A.HenryJamesB.WilliamHowellsC.MarkTwainD.O.Henry12.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOThaveanaturalisttendency?A.StephanCraneB.FrankNorrisC.JackLondonD.WaltWhitman13.ForMelville,aswellasforthereaderand_____,thenarrator,MobyDickisstillamystery,anultimatelymysteryoftheuniverse.A.StubbB.IshmaelC.AhabD.Starbuck14.WhichofthefollowingisNOToptimisticabouthumannature?A.RalphEmersonB.WaltWhitmanC.NathanielHawthorneD.HenryThoreau15.EmilyDickinsonwrotemanyofherpoemsonvariousaspectsoflife.WhichofthefollowingisNOTausualsubjectofherpoeticexpression?A.ReligionB.LifeanddeathC.LoveandmarriageD.Warandpeace16.OfthefollowingAmericanwriters,_____hadwontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.MarkTwainB.ErnestHemingwayC.HenryJamesD.F.S.Fitzgerald17.In1862,PresidentLincolnexclaimed:“Soyouarethelittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatstartedthisgreatwar!”Thebookrefersto____.A.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnB.BelovedB.PrideandPrejudiceD.UncleTom’sCabin18.Theworksof_____revealsthemiseryofthemigrantworkersbecauseoftheAmericanDepression.A.F.S.FitzgeraldB.JohnSteinbeckC.ErnestHemingwayD.WilliamHowells19.InLeavesofGrass,_____isallthatconcernedWhitman.A.individualismB.freedomC.democracyD.alltheabove20.Itisnotsurprisingtofindin_____’sfictionaworldofjungle,where“killortobekilled”wasthelaw.A.MarkTwainB.EmilyDickinsonC.TheodoreDreiserD.HenryJames21.DuringtheperiodaftertheCivilWar,theAmericansocietyenteredinwhatMarkTwainreferredtoas____.A.theGoldenAgeB.theModernAgeC.theGildedAgeD.thePuritanAge22.“TheCustom-House”isanintroductorynoteto_____.A.Moby-DickB.TheScarletLetterC.TheMarbleFaunD.TheBlithedaleRomance23.WhenwesaythatapooryoungmanfromtheWesttriedtomakehisfortuneintheEastbutwasdisillusionedinthequestofanidealizeddream,weareprobablydiscussing______’sthematicconcerninhisfictionwriting.A.HenryJamesB.F.ScottFitzgeraldC.ErnestHemingwayD.WilliamFaulkner24.AmericanwritersafterWorldWarIself-consciouslyacknowledgedthattheywere(a)“____”,devoidoffaithandalienatedfromtheWesterncivilization.A.LostGenerationB.BeatGenerationC.SonsofLibertyD.AngryYoungMen25.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofWilliamFaulkner?A.Heismasterofstream-of-consciousnessnarrative.B.Hiswritingisoftencomplexanddifficulttounderstand.C.HeoftendepictsslumlifeinNewYorkandChicago.D.HerepresentsanewgroupofSouthernwriters26.ThesettingofthenovelTheScarletLetterisin____.A.EnglandduringWorldWarIB.ParisduringtheFrenchRevolutionC.PuritanAmericaD.AmericaaftertheRevolutionaryWar27.WhichstatementisNOTtrueoftheAmericannaturalist?A.Theyventuredtheforbiddensubjectssuchassex,death,andviolence.B.Theystressedthepossibletriumphofhumanwill.C.Theywroteinadaring,open,anddirectmanner.D.Theyseehumanbeingsnomorethanaphysicalobject.28.____isoftenacclaimedastheliteraryspokesmanoftheJazzAge.A.ErnestHemingwayB.F.ScottFitzgeraldC.WilliamFaulknerD.JohnSteinbeck29.____,oneofAmerica’sgreatestplaywrights,wontheNobelPrizein1936,thefirstAmericanplaywrighttoreceivethehonor.SomeofhismostfamousworksincludeTheHairyApe,LongDay’sJourneyintoNight.A.ArthurMillerB.TennesseeWilliamsC.BernardMalamudD.EugeneO’Neill30.EdgarAllanPoeoccupiesanimportantpositioninAmericanliteratureasapoetanda____.A.shortstorywriterB.novelistC.dramatistD.translatorIII.Readthepoemscarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.PutyouranswersontheAnswerSheet:(20%,10pointsforeachpoem)1.BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—Hekindlystoppedforme—TheCarriageheldbutjustOurselves—AndImmortality.Weslowlydrove—HeknewnohasteAndIhadputawayMylaborandmyleisuretoo,ForHisCivility—WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstroveAtRecess—intheRing—WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain—WepassedtheSettingSun—Orrather—HepassedUs—TheDewsdrewquiveringandChill—ForonlyGossamer,myGown—MyTippet—onlyTulle—WepausedbeforeaHousethatseemedASwellingoftheGround—TheRoofwasscarcelyvisible—TheCornice—intheGround—Sincethen—’tisCenturies—andyetFeelsshorterthantheDayIfirstsurmisedtheHorses’HeadsWeretowardEternity—Questions:1.1Whowrotethispoem?(1%)1.2Whatisthepoetorthespeakerinthepoemwatchingandrecording?(1%)1.3Whatisdeathcomparedtointhepoem?(1%)1.4Whatisdepictedinthe3rdstanza?Howisitrelatedtothewholepoem?(2%)1.5Whatisdepictedinthe4thstanza?(1%)1.6Whatdoesthepoetorthespeakerinthepoemthinkofeternity?(2%)1.7Whatistheattitudeofthepoetorthespeakerinthepoemtowardsdeath?(2%)2.AnnabelLeeItwasmanyandmanyayearago,Inakingdombythesea,ThatamaidentherelivedwhomyoumayknowBythenameofAnnabelLee;-AndthismaidenshelivedwithnootherthoughtThantoloveandbelovedbyme.Iwasachildandshewasachild,Inthiskingdombythesea;Butwelovedwithalovethatwasmorethanlove-IandmyAnnabelLee-WithalovethatthewingédseraphsinHeavenCovetedherandme.Andthiswasthereasonthat,longago,Inthiskingdombythesea,Awindblewoutofacloud,chillingMybeautifulAnnabelLee;Sothatherhigh-bornkinsmencameAndboreherawayfromme,Toshutherupinasepulcher,Inthiskingdombythesea.Theangels,nothalfsohappyinHeaven,Wentenvyingherandme-Yes!-thatwasthereason(asallmenknow,Inthiskingdombythesea)Thatthewindcameoutofthecloudbynight,ChillingandkillingmyAnnabelLee.ButourloveitwasstrongerbyfarthantheloveOfthosewhowereolderthanwe-Ofmanyfarwiserthanwe-AndneithertheangelsinHeavenabove,Northedemonsdownunderthesea,CaneverdissevermysoulfromthesoulOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee:-Forthemoonneverbeams,withoutbringingmedreamsOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee;Andthestarsneverrise,butIfeelthebrighteyesOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee:-Andso,allthenight-tide,IliedownbythesideOfmydarling-mydarling-mylifeandmybride,Inhersepulchertherebythesea-Inhertombbythesoundingsea.Questions:2.1Whowrotethispoem?(1%)2.2Whatisthethemeofthepoem?(2%)2.3Whatisthemoodofthepoem?(1%)2.4HowdoesthepoemcoincidewithPoe’spoeticsortheoryofpoetrywriting?(3%)2.5Whatmakesyouthinkthepoemreadslikeafairytale?(3%)IV.Answerthefollowingquestions,andputyouranswersontheAnswerSheet:(30%,15pointsforeach)1.Whatislocalcolorfiction?Listatleast5ofthebestknownwritersoflocalcolor.2.Insteadofhavingherpunishedforherlifeofsin,DreiserletCarolineMeeberinSisterCarrierbecomesuccessful.Canyoutellwhy?2007—2008学年度第二期《美国文学史及作品选读》考试A卷参命题人：王琪、丁华良I:Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorphrases.(20%,1pointforeach)1.Bryant2.frontiersaga3.transcendentalist4.MobyDick5.SketchBook6.Walden7.Longfellow8.CivilWar9.Howells10.freeverse11.HenryJames12.MartinEden13.TheGiftofMagi14.Pound15.TheGreatGatsby16.AFarewelltoArms17.Steinbeck18.MarkTwain19.Environment20.AmericanCrisisII:Eachofthefollowingstatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswersorcompletions.Choosetheonethatisthebestineachcase.(30%,1pointforeach)1---5:BBDAB6---10:DDACD11---15:ADBCD16---20:BDBDC21---25:CBBAC26---30:CBBDAIII.Readthepoemsandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.(20%)Poem11.1Whowrotethispoem?(1%)EmilyDickinson.1.2Whatisthepoetorthespeakerinthepoemwatchingandrecording?(1%)ApparentlythewomantellsthestoryofhowsheisbusilygoingaboutherdaywhenapolitegentlemanbythenameofDeatharrivesinhiscarriagetotakeheroutforaride,but,inreality,thespeakeriswatchingandrecordingherownfuneral.1.3Whatisdeathcomparedtointhepoem?(1%)Deathiscomparedtoapolitegentlemanorpolitewooer.1.4Whatisdepictedinthe3rdstanza?Howisitrelatedtothewholepoem?(2%)Deathtakesthewomanonaleisurelyridetothegraveandbeyond,passingplayingchildren,wheatfields,andthesettingsun,whichindicatethethreeperiodsofaday,morning,noonandeveningandsymbolizethethreestagesofhumanlife—childhood,middleageandoldage.1.5Whatisdepictedinthe4thstanza?(1%)Inthisstanza,thespeakerdescribesherdeadbodyandwhatiswearing.Shefeelscoldbecauseitiseveningnowanddewdropsareformingandsheisnotwearingmuch,butmoreprobablyitisbecausesheisdeadandbloodcirculationinherbodyhasstopped.1.6Whatdoesthepoetorthespeakerinthepoemthinkofeternity?(2%)Thespeakerisnotquitesurewhethertherewillbeeternityafterdeathsinceshejustsurmisesthat“theHorses’Heads/weretowardEternity—”.1.7Whatistheattitudeofthepoetorthespeakerinthepoemtowardsdeath?(2%)ThewomandescribestheirjourneywiththecasualeaseonemightusetorecountatypicalSundaydrive.Shetreatsdeathlight-heartedlyforshebelievesthatdeathisanecessarysteptowardseternityorimmortality.Poem22.1Whowrotethispoem?(1%)EdgarAllanPoe.2.2Whatisthethemeofthepoem?(2%)Inthepoem,Poeexaminesathemewhichheexaminesinmanyofhisworks:thedeathofabeautifulwoman.ItisapoemwritteninmemoryofhisdeceasedyoungwifeVirginiaClemm.2.3Whatisthemoodofthepoem?(1%)Thepoemispermeatedwithmelancholy.2.4HowdoesthepoemcoincidewithPoe’spoeticsortheoryofpoetrywriting?(3%)ThepoemcoincideswithPoe’spoetics.Itisreadableatonesitting.Inthepoem,Poeexaminesathemewhichheexaminesinmanyofhisworks:thedeathofabeautifulwoman,which,accordingtohim,is“unquestionably,themostpoeticaltopicintheworld.”Thepoemispermeatedwithmelancholyashebelieves“melancholyisthemostlegitimateofallthepoetictones.”Anditisrhythmic.2.5Whatmakesyouthinkthepoemreadslikeafairytale?(3%)Thepoemhasgottheelementsofafairytale.1)Ithasthebeginningofafairytale(1ststanza).2)Thecouple'sloveoriginatedfromtheirchildhood.3)AnnabelLeediedbecause\"theangels\"enviedthecouple'sgreatloveand,withacoldwind,theykilledAnnabelLee,whowasthencarriedawayandburiedinasepulchreinthekingdombythesea.4)However,unlikeTheRaven,inwhichthenarratorbelieveshewill\"nevermore\"bereunitedwithhislove,AnnabelLeesaysthetwowillbetogetheragain.Andneithertheangelsinheavenabove，Northedemonsdownunderthesea，CaneverdissevermysoulfromthesoulOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee.5)Onmoonlitnights,thespeakerwillgoandliedownbythesideofhisdeceasedyoungwifeInthesepulchretherebythesea，Inhertombbythesideofthesea.Thepoemreadslikeafairytale.IV.Answerthefollowingquestions,andputyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.(30%,15pointsforeach)1.Whatislocalcolorfiction?Listatleast5ofthebestknownwritersoflocalcolor.RealismfirstappearedintheUnitedStatesintheliteratureoflocalcolor,anamalgamofromanticplotsandrealisticdescriptionsofthingswasimmediatelyobservable;thedialects,customs,sights,andsoundsofregionalAmerica.BretHartewasthefirstAmericanwriteroflocalcolortoachievewidepopularity,presentingstoriesofwesternminingtownswithcolorfulgamblers,outlaws,andscandalouswomen.Harte,HarrietBeecherStowe,KateChopin,JoelChandlerHarris,andMarkTwainprovidedregionalstoriesandtalesofthelifeofAmerica’sWesterners,Southerners,andEasterners.Localcolorfictionreacheditspeakofpopularityinthe1880s,butbytheturnofthecenturyithadbeguntodecline.2.Insteadofhavingherpunishedforherlifeofsin,DreiserletCarolineMeeberinSisterCarrierbecomesuccessful.Canyoutellwhy?Thisisduetoanumberofreasons:1)TheodoreDreiserbasedthenovelonthelifeofhissisterEmma.In1883sheranawaytoToronto,Canadawithamarriedmanwhohadstolenmoneyfromhisemployer.Anothersisterofhiswasaprostitute.2)LikeSisterCarriewhowenttoChicagoattheageof18,Dreiserhimselflefthomeatage15forChicagoandstartedtosupporthimself,doingmenialjobs.HeunderstoodperfectlywellhowhardlifewasforagirllikeSisterCarrieinabigcity.3)HissympathyforSisterCarrieisrelatedtohisnaturalisticbeliefs.Thenaturalistsemphasizedthattheworldwasamoral,thatmenandwomenhadnofreewill,thattheirliveswerecontrolledbyheredityandtheenvironment,thatreligious“truth”wereillusory,thatthedestinyofhumanitywasmiseryinlifeandoblivionindeath.AsapioneerofnaturalisminAmericanliterature,Dreiserwrotenovelsreflectinghismechanisticviewoflife,aconceptthatheldhumanityasthevictimofsuchungovernableforcesaseconomics,biology,society,andevenchance.Inhisworks,conventionalmoralityisunimportant,consciouslyvirtuousbehaviorhavinglittletodowithmaterialsuccessandhappiness.SoSisterCarrieisnottobeblamedforhersinoflife.4)HissympathyforSisterCarriealsoshowstheinfluenceoftheteachingsofCharlesDarwin----naturalselectionandthesurvivalofthefittestandthatoftheteachingsofHerbertSpencer----socialDarwinism.Inthisnovel,SisterCarrieisportrayedasanexampleofthesurvivalofthefittestinanindifferentworld.
