状语的作用

状语的作用

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

1.副词一般在句子中做状语． He speaks English very well.

He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree 2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。 I come specially to see you. 3.介词短语

My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past. Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. 4.从句作状语

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 5.分词作状语

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.

状语

1) 修饰谓语的句子成分是状语。它分为：

时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、条件状语、目的状语、方式状语、让步状语、情况状语

2) 可做状语的词类和形式

副词和形容词介词短语分词和分词短语第二格和第四格词不定式短语

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

状语的用法 一、什么叫状语？

修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。例如： My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past．我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活。

She studies hard．她努力学习。 I am very tired．我非常疲倦。 二、什么可以作状语？

1．副词：Say again．再说一遍。

Suddenly it began to rain．天突然下雨了。 2．介词短语：

Please come here in the evening．请晚上来这儿。 He wrote with a red pencil．他用红铅笔写的。 3．动词不定式（或不定式短语）： He went to see a film．他看电影去了。 My father was surprised to hear the news． 我父亲听到这个消息，感到惊奇。 4．分词（或分词短语）：

He sat there reading a novel．他坐在那儿看小说。

The students went away laughing．学生们笑着走开了。 5．名词：

Wait a moment．等一会儿。

It can go all day and all night．它能整日整夜地走。 6．状语从句：

I’ll write to you as soon as I get there． 我一到那儿就给你写信。

He didn’t come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work．他没来，因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。

三、状语的分类：

状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。

1．地点状语：

The students are doing their homework in the classroom．学生们正在教室里做作业。

2．时间状语：

I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside．我在农村生活时，向农民学到很多东西。

3．目的状语：

They set out early so that they might arrive on time．他们早点动身，以便准时到达。

4．原因状语：

She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting．因为要开会，

所以她不能回家了。 5．结果状语：

Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly．李明学习如此努力，结果很快赶上了其他人。

6．程度状语：

I nearly forgot what he had promised．

我几乎忘记了他答应的事。 7．方式状语：

He came singing and dancing．他唱着跳着走过来。 8．条件状语：

If you work hard at English，you will do well in English．如果你努力学习英语，你的英语成绩就会好。

9．让步状语：

He went to school yesterday though he was ill． 昨天他尽管有病，仍上学去了。 10．比较状语：

Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One． 第二课不像第一课那样难。 四、状语的位置：

一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活，它可以处于句首、句中或句末。1．状语位于句首：为了强调状语或者为了使它与上下文紧密衔接，通常把状语放于句首。

Tomorrow I am going swimming．明天我要去游泳。 Here in the cinema house，smoking is not allowed． 在电影院这里不准吸烟的。

2．状语位于句中：状语在句中的位置是： (1)如果没有助动词，状语就位于动词前面。 I often go to see a film．我经常看电影。

(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词，状语位于第一个助动词之后。 He has already had his lunch．他已吃过午饭了。 (3)如果动词是be，状语就放在be动词之后。 He is always at home．他总是在家。 3．状语位于句末，这是状语的通常位置。 We get up at six in the morning． 我们早晨六点起床。

五、句中多个状语同时出现，位置如何放？

1．多个地点状语同时出现在句末，较小的地点状语放在较大的地点状语前面，单词放在短语前面，次要地点放在重要地点前面。

We should sit in the front row in the classroom． 我们应该坐地教室的前排。

We live in Room 204 in the science building． 我们住在科学楼204室。

2．地点和时间状语同时出现在一个句子中： (1)地点状语放在时间状语前面。

He was born in Beijing in 1979．他1979年出生于北京。 (2)较短的状语放在较长的状语前面。

Our plane will arrive at eight o’clock this evening at the International Airport in the eastern suburbs of Beijing．

我们的飞机将于今晚八点到达北京东郊国际机场。

3．如果句子中状语有单词、短语和从句，它们的位置排列应是：单词在前面，短语在中间，从句在后边。

I hope to stay here for a long time if I am allowed to do so．如果我得到允许的话，我希望在这里呆一段时间。

4．如果句子中同时出现几种状语形式，它们的位置排列是：方式状语+地点状语+时间状语。

Mary studied well here yesterday． 玛丽昨天在这里学得很好。

5．如果句末状语太多，可调一个（不得超过一个）到句首。如果有时间状语，通常将时间状语放于句首。

Yesterday morning Wang Lin was drawing a horse carefully with a brush on a piece of paper in our classroom．昨天上午王琳在我们教室里用笔细心地在一张纸上画马

语法要点(Main points)

1) Adverbials are usually adverbs, adverb phrases, or prepositional phrases.

状语通常由副词，副词短语或介词短语构成。

2) Adverbials of manner, place, and time are used to say how, where, or when

something happens.

方式状语，地点状语和时间状语用以表示某事发生的方式，地点和时

间。

3) Adverbials usually come after the verb, or after the object if there is one.

状语通常置于谓语动词或宾语之后。

4) The usual order of adverbials is manner, then place, then time.

状语通常的顺序是：方式，地点，时间。 语法透析

1) An adverbial is often one word, an adverb. 状语经常只是一个副词。

例如：1)Sit there quietly, and listen to this music. 安静地坐着，听听这音乐。

2) However, an adverbial can also be a group of words: 状语也可能是一组词。 * an adverb phrase 副词词组

例如：1)He did not play well enough to win. 他弹得不够好，没能胜出。 * a prepositional phrase 介词词组

例如：1)The children were playing in the park. 孩子们在公园玩耍。

* a noun group, usually a time expression 名词词组，通常表示时间

例如：1)Come and see me next week.

下周来看我。3) You use an adverbial of manner to describe the way in which something

happens or is done.

方式状语用以表示某事发生的方式。

例如：1)They looked anxiously at each other. 他们不安地打量着对方。

2)She listened with great patience as he told his story. 他讲故事的时候她听得非常耐心。

4) You use an adverbial of place to say where something happens.

地点状语表示某事发生的地点。

例如：1) A plane flew overhead.一架飞机从头顶飞过。 5) You use an adverbial of time to say when something happens.

时间状语表示某事发生的时间。

例如：1)She will be here soon.她很快就来这儿了。

2)He was born on 3rd April 1925.他生于1925年4月3日。 6) You normally put adverbials of manner, place, and time after the main verb.