高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

个 性 化 教 学 设 计 学 案 授课时间：2019年 月 日 年级： 学科：英语 课时：2 课题名称 备课时间：2019 年 月 日 学生姓名： 高中英语句子成分-状语(adverbial) 授 课教师： 教学目标 1.理解与掌握状语的意义及作用；2.学会状语从句与含非谓语动词的复合句的转换 教学重点 1.状语从句的种类；2.简单句与非谓语动词的转换 教学难点 设计意图 通过简单句与非谓语动词的转换学习，强化书写能力，为提升写作和书面表达能力贡献力量。 一、什么是状语？ 1.状语是用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的句子成分。 2.状语的功能： 状语用于表示或说明事件发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式/方法、条件、方位、程度和伴随状况等，通常由副词(词组)来充当, 名词(词组), 介词短语, 不定式短语, -ed分词短语, -ing分词短语,从句也可以作状语。副词修饰动词或形容词表示程度是简单句比较常见的表达方式。 二、状语的类型 教学过程 1.程度状语：程度状语通常由副词或副词短语来充当，用于修饰动词或形容词，表明动作或状态、特点的程度。 副词(词组)作状语 E.g.1：We like this picture very much.我们非常喜欢这张照片。（very much表示喜欢的程度） E.g.2：The girl is really beautiful.那个女孩真地漂亮。（really表示漂亮的程度） 通常，多数副词都是由形容词后加ly变化而来的，常见变化规则如下： ①一般情况下直接加“ly”，如： 1 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

quick-quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly; immediate-immediately; recent-recently; wide-widely; wise-wisely 。 ①以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily。但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如： shy---shyly ①以ic 结尾的词，加ally，如： economic-economically; basic-basically; scientific-scientifically; automatic-automatically; energetic-energetically; 但是public-publicly 例外。 ①以ple/ble/tle结尾时,去e加y，如： simple-simply; considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly ①whole、true去e+ly，如wholly、truly。 ①以-ll结尾时，只须加 –y，如：dull-dully; shrill-shrilly, full-fully 需要注意的是： ①通常名词+ly结尾时是形容词而非副词。如： friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; a manly sport ①有些词本身既可以是形容词又可以是副词。如：fast, hard, early。 2.时间状语：表明事件发生的时间。 E.g.1：She went to Beijing last Saturday.她上周六去了北京。（last Saturday表示去北京的时间） E.g.2：The meeting will begin at 9 a.m. in the morning.会议将于早晨9点开始。（at 9 a.m.表示会议开始的时间） 3.地点状语：表明事件发生的地点。 E.g.1：She was born in a small village.她出生在一个小村庄。（in a small village表示出生的地点） E.g.2：We will leave for Shanghai.我们将要去上海。（Shanghai表示要去的目的地） 4.原因状语：表明事件发生的原因。 2 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

E.g.1：Thank you for your help.感谢你的帮助。（for your help表示感谢的原因） E.g.2：Some people in participated in the riot because of their personal interests.一些人由于他们的个人利益而参与。（because of their personal interests表示参与的原因） E.g.3：Much interested, he agreed to give it a try.由于比较感兴趣，他同意尝试一下。（Much interested表示同意尝试的原因） 5.目的状语：表明事件发生的目的。 E.g.1：They come to express their great gratitude to you.他们来是为了向你表达感谢。（ to express their great gratitude to you表示来的目的） E.g.2：My father bought a cell phone for me.爸爸为我买了一部手机。（for me表示买手机的对象，表示目的） 6.结果状语：表明事件发生导致的结果。 E.g.1：She was so excited that she burst into tears.她太激动了以致于泪流满面。（ that she burst into tears表示如此激动所导致的结果） E.g.2：He removed the big stone,only to find a small part of the map.他搬开了大石头，（却）只发现了地图的一小部分。（only to find a small part of the map表示搬开大石头后的结果） 7.方式状语：表明事件发生方式。 E.g.1：She goes school by bus every day.她每天坐公交车去上学。（ by bus表示去学校的方式） E.g.2：He told the story in a funny way.他用一种滑稽的方式讲了这个故事。（in a funny way表示讲故事的方式） 8.条件状语：表明事件发生的条件或要求。 E.g.1：If necessary,the army should be permitted to stop the riot.如果有必要的话，应该允许制止。（ by bus表示去学校的方式） E.g.2：Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic.天气允许的话，我们会去野餐。（Weather permitting表示我们会去野餐的前提条件） 9.方位状语：表明事件发生的地理位置。 E.g.1：She bought a computer in the central shop.她在中心商场买了一台电脑。（ in the central shop表示3 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

买电脑的地点） E.g.2：Dandong lies on the Yalujiang River.丹东位于鸭绿江畔。（on the Yalujiang River表示丹东的地理位置） 10.伴随状语：伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 E.g.1：He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.他坐在扶手椅里读报。（reading a newspaper与坐在扶手椅上同时发生） E.g.2：The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red.小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了。（with their hands frozen red表示小女孩玩雪时候手的状态） 三、状语从句（Adverbial Clause） 当用句子代替简单句的状语成分时，这样的复合句就叫状语从句。状语从句的作用与副词的作用相同，仍然起到副词的作用，即可用于修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。 状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 四、状语从句的类型 1.时间状语从句 常用引导词：when（在…时）, as（当…时）, while（在…期间）, as soon as（一……就……）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之后）, since（自从...以来） , not...until（直到…才）until/till(直到…时）等 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant（ 瞬间，顷刻）, immediately , directly（不久，立即）, no sooner … than（一...就...）, hardly …when（刚一...就...） , scarcely … when（刚...就.../一...就...）,as soon as(一…就…)。 注：当用no sooner … than，hardly …when，scarcely … when作为引导词的时候，从句要部分倒装。 E.g.1：I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。 E.g.2：While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. 4 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

当约翰看电视时，他的妻子正在做饭。 E.g.3：The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard. 孩子们一看到守卫就逃出了果园。 E.g.4：No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨了。 E.g.5：Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 每当我听取你的建议时，我就会惹上麻烦。 2.地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere E.g.1：Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. 一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。 E.g.2：Wherever you go, you should work hard. 无论你去哪里，你都应该努力工作。 E.g.3：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. 在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的或根本不可能的。 E.g.4：Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。 E.g.5：You should have put the book where you found it. 你应该把书放回原来的地方。 E.g.6：Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated. 哪里有了中国党，哪里的人民就得。 3.原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. E.g.1：My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. 5 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。 E.g.2：Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. 既然每个人都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。 E.g.3：The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 更高的收入税是有害的，因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。 4.目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that E.g.1：The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. 老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。 E.g.2：The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 为了让后面的学生听得更清楚，老师有意地提高了他的声音。 注意，由for引导的是一个并列句，不是原因状语从句，但有表原因的意思，是并列连词。 5.结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, such … that, so that... 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that E.g.1：He got up so early that he caught the first bus. 他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车 E.g.2：It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. 这是一个好机会，千万不能错过它 E.g.3：To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night. 他激动到这个程度，以至于他昨晚睡不着 E.g.4：This news is exciting, so that he jumped up. 这个消息太令人激动了，以至于他跳了起来 6.条件状语从句 6 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

常用引导词：if, unless,whether(whether...or not) 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case（美语中表条件，英语中表目的）, on condition that E.g.1：We’ll start our project if the president agrees.如果总统同意，我们将开始我们的项目。 E.g.2：You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 只要你继续努力，你一定会成功的。 3.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会。 8.让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever E.g.1：Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 但是我却不同意他的建议。 E.g.2：The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. 老人都很喜欢游泳，即使天气很恶劣。 E.g.3：No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. 不论他如何努力，她都不会改变她的主意。 E.g.4：He won’t listen whatever you may say.他不会听你说什么。 8.比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more … the more …（越来...越...） ; just as …， so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B. E.g.1：She is as bad-tempered as her mother.她和她妈妈一样脾气很坏。 E.g.2：The house is three times as big as ours.这房子是我们的三倍大。 7 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

E.g.3：The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.你运动的越多，你就越健康。 E.g.4：Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。 9.方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as if 特殊引导词：the way E.g.1：When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 E.g.2：She behaved as if she were the boss.她表现得好像她是老板。 E.g.3：Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 有时，我们用父母教导我们的方式教导我们的孩子。 10.伴随状语：伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 E.g.1：He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.他坐在扶手椅里读报。 E.g.2：All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 四、状语从句的省略 状语从句的省略必须同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；①从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 E.g.1：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . 当博物馆完成，该博物馆将于明年向公众开放。 E.g.2：He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. 如果可能，他将去海边度假的话。 另外，比较状语从句经常省略。 E.g.1：I’m taller than he (is tall ).我比他高 8 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

E.g.2：The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).温度越高，气压越大。 五、状语从句的\"简化\": 有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行\"简化\"。状语从句的\"简化\"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。 状语从句的\"简化\"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中: ①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句; ①由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句; ①由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句; ①由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句; ①由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。 下面针对这五种情形作一归纳： 1.当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。 E.g.1：If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。 E.g.2：You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you。 除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。 2.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形: （1）连词+形容词 E.g.1：As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。 E.g.2：Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。 E.g.3：Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 （2）连词+名词 E.g.1：While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others. 他在孩子时代就乐于助人。 9 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

E.g.2：Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director. 尽管他曾是个农民,但现在他是位著名的导演了。 （3）连词+现在分词 E.g.1：As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。 E.g.2：Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks. 尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。 （4）连词+过去分词 E.g.1：He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。 E.g.2：The concert was a great success than (it was) expected. 这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。 （5）连词+不定式 E.g.1：He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。 E.g.2：He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。 （6）连词+介词短语 E.g.1：She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。 E.g.2：He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA. 他到美国之前就懂英语了。 注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用主格结构来表达。 E.g.：When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. =The meeting over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. 当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。 10 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

一、找出下列句中充当状语的部分并用综括号“[ ]”标记，并指出其所表示的状语的类型。 (1)They worked day and night.（状语表示_______________） (2)We must serve the people heart and soul.（状语表示_______________） (3)I saw him two weeks ago.（状语表示_______________） (4)Many years later, he became a millionaire.（状语表示_______________） (5)I met my neighbour an hour ago. （状语表示_______________） (6)He said, “I finished the work two days ago.”（状语表示_______________） (7)I have seen the film before.（状语表示_______________） (8)Could you wait (for) a few days for the money?（状语表示_______________） (9)Nothing happened (during) the whole vacation.（状语表示_______________） (10)She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.（状语表示_______________） 同步练习 (11)To everyone’s surprise, Mr. King refused.（状语表示_______________） (12)The whole family went to the beach to spend their weekend.（状语表示_______________） (13)She is too excited to say anything.（状语表示_______________） (14)All of us were shocked to hear the news.（状语表示_______________） (15)I was very pleased to have been invited to the party.（状语表示_______________） (16)To get a good mark, first you need to study hard.（状语表示_______________） (17)My father was surprised to hear the news.（状语表示_______________） (18)It is too hot to wear the coat.（状语表示_______________） (19)English is hard to learn.（状语表示_______________） (20)Talking and laughing, the students left the classroom.（状语表示_______________） (21)Seeing from the top of the hill, you will find the park is more beautiful. （状语表示_______________） (22)Hearing the news, they jumped up and down with great joy. （状语表示_______________） 11 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

(23)The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.（状语表示_______________）(24)Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.（状语表示_______________） (25)Having been shown around the lab, we were then taken to the dining room.（状语表示_______________） (26)Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do. （状语表示_______________） (27)Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.（状语表示_______________） (28)Tired with the journey, he soon fell asleep.（状语表示_______________） (29)He sat there, lost in thought.（状语表示_______________） (30) She bought a house last year. (31) Every night he heard the noise upstairs. (32) There was a big smile on her face. (33)The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. (34)Miss Chung left the room hurriedly. (35)She loves the library because she loves books. (36)I am really afraid of snakes. (37)The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. 二、同步练习：分析下列句子是什么状语从句？由什么词引导的？ (1)Was it snowing when you left the cinema? 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (2)Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (3)You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ 12 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

(4)The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (5)If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (6)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely to bring your work home. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (7)Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (8)When it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (9)Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (10)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (11)It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (12)Don’t hesitate to contact me if you have any question. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (13)If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ 三、判断下列句子属于哪种类型的状语从句的省略。 (1)When asked to stay alone, the girl began to cry. 13 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (2)People probably cooked their food in large pots, while using twigs(树枝)to remove it. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (3)Though old, he never stops learning. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (4)As doing the housework, she is singing a pop song. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (5)Although having tried many times, he still failed. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (6)If necessary, special methods should be taken. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (7)When completed, the building will be tallest building in the world. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (8)Study hard when young, she is now a successful businesswoman。 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (9)He’ll choose to go to the seaside for his holiday if given more time. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (10)The result is better than expected. (11)He always enjoys giving orders as if an officer. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (12)The chaos won’t be solved peacefully unless under the charge of the army. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (13)She glanced left and right as though in trouble. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (14)She won’t attend the meeting unless pleased with the schedule. 14 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (15)As old, he couldn’t take care of himself. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (16)Whenever possible, she will try her best to be the best. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (17)Although a little boy, he knows a lot about the universe. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (18)He will never know the truth unless told. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (19)More were given than expected. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 (20)He had learned about the whole incident before back to China. 本句属于_______________状语从句的省略 四、判断下列复合句中非谓语动词充当哪种类型的状语 (1)Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. _______________状语 (2)Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. _______________状语 (3)Judging from his worried look, he must have failed in the entrance exam._______________状语 (4)Seen from this point, the problem presents no easy solution. _______________状语 (5)Seeing from this point, we find no easy solution to the problem. _______________状语 (6)Tony lent me the money, hoping that I’d do as much for him._______________状语 (7)Filled with extraordinary strength, he raised himself._______________状语 (8)Occupying with our study every day, we would like to regard it as a refreshing experience for us all. _______________状语 15 / 16

高中英语句子成分-状语学案设计

小结

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