NANCHANG UNIVERSITY
学 士 学 位 论 文
THESIS OF BACHELOR
（2003—2007年）
题 目: 感受人性之美
--读《小妇人》有感
英文题目: Beauty of Human Nature
—Impressions of Novel Little Women
学 院: 共青学院 系 别: 外语系 专 业: 英 语 语 言 文 学 班 级: 03英语本科班 学生姓名: 李田力 学 号: 8055103005 指导老师: 乔南生 何筱华 起讫日期: 2006年9月6日－2007年6月4日
二零零七年六月
南昌大学共青学院毕业设计（论文） Abstract
Beauty of Human Nature
------Impressions of the Novel “Little Women”
Abstract
“Little Women” is a novel about beauty of human nature,about dignity and love.From the four girls' attitudes towards ideal,marriage and love, we can get some enlightments,especiall your young ladies.Also,we can learn the friendliness,self-discipline,self-improvement.And the pioneer spirit showed in the novel reveals the cultural values of American society in the 19th century. Key Words：Beauty, human nature, Little Women, female, attractiveness, pioneer spirit
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南昌大学共青学院毕业设计（论文） Contents
Contents
Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... I Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter1. Introduction and Review of the Novel “Little Women” ............................................................ 2 1.1 It is a novel just like the family diary ................................................................................................... 2 1.2 It is a moral novel ................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter2. Beauty of Human Nature Revealed in the Novel....................................................................... 4 2.1 The Daily Dialogues Filled with Great Satisfaction and Love ............................................................. 4 2.2 The Shocking and Moving Appearances Filled in the Novel ............................................................... 5 2.3 Share Their Good Qualities .................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter3. Protagonist Jo is the Portrayal of Author Alcott ..................................................................... 8 Chapter4. Women Play the Indispensable Role in Family Life ................................................................. 9 4.1 Mother March’s Role in the Novel ....................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Women’s Role in Modern Family and Society .................................................................................. 10 Chapter5. How a Woman to Show the Charming Aspect to Others ........................................................ 12 5.1 The Attractiveness of Amy ................................................................................................................ 12 5.2 How A Woman to Become More Attractiveness ............................................................................... 13 5.3 How to Choose on Face of Marriage .................................................................................................. 14 Chapter6.Modern Female-- As Powerhouse Both in Life and Enterprise ................................................ 16 6.1 The Women in Old Society ................................................................................................................ 16 6.2 Women in Modern Society................................................................................................................. 16 6.3Their Further Ideal .............................................................................................................................. 16 Chapter7. The Pioneer Spirit of America Reveals Its Cultural Value of 19 Century................................ 18 7.1 Definition of Pioneer Spirit ................................................................................................................ 18 7.2 Its Significance ................................................................................................................................... 18 Conclusion................................................................................................................................................ 19 References ................................................................................................................................................ 20 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................... 21
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南昌大学共青学院毕业设计（论文） Introduction
Introduction
Face the cruel war between countries, various slaughters to animals,the pollution of our environment and even the catastrophic destruction and unblance of our ecological system,maybe many of us will say that our human being is so horriable and disastrous,and the nature is selfishness,crulety,extortion,ugliness and so on.
However,the tender,kindhearted,enthusiastic,generous,elegant,tolerable,enterprising side of our human nature.And all these good qualities are just the main resource for our human society in the gradual development and progress.Especially after reading the novel “Little Women”,I used to observe our surrounding life patiently,to feel the most beautiful,ture and kind aspect of our heart and soul.
This novel describes a happy,content and harmonious family life for us:During the American Cival War,Father March was away with the Union armies,the four sisters Meg,Jo,Beth and Amy stayed at home with their mother Mrs.March.They had a impoverished living but with high spirit.Although not ample by themselves,they were willing to aid in the poor neighbours who needed urgent help.Also,with their vanity,they hoped for good clothes,delicious food and luxurious life like the princess.
However,despite their fantasy to be good,they depended on their efforts and dignity to face up to all kinds of hardships.Meg was very pretty and dreamed of romantic love;Jo was boylish,dependent and vowed into a famous writer;Beth was a traditionally obedient girl,delicate and everyone loved her tenderly;Amy loved and cherished drawing,and wanted to be an artist.With the progress of these four girls growing into young womanhood,the novel tells us their different love experience , ideal and pursuit. And this article aims to discuss the quessions as follows:
1.Analyse the fighues molded in the novel to share the beauty of human nature
2.Analyse characters of the four sisters Meg,Jo,Beth and Amy,and from it find the good qualities which our young ladies to model and learn
3.Discuss modern women's role in our society
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Chapter1. Introduction and Review of the Novel “Little Women”
In 1868,Lousia May Alcott was advised to write “a book for the girls”,and according memory of her own growing experience,she finally finished the novel “Little Women”.After publishing,it got great success:it was recognized as one of the most famous work in America and even many critics said it could compare with “Proud and Prejudice” in the world literature.As time going,it has more and more readers and has been translated into many languages.
1.1 It is a novel just like the family diary
“Little Women” is a novel just like the family diary.Its author Lousia May Alcott once said:This novel is not stimulating at all,but it is plain and ture,most experience in the novel we all have in our daily life and maybe the reason it successes is just this.Indeed she models on her family life,with the fresh writing style,recurred the story of her childhood.The work content originates from the practical life,at the background of the American civil war,narrates the vicissitudes in four four sisters'growth process,displays the daily trivial family life.
1.2 It is a moral novel
Also,it is a moral ethical novel,and compares our human life as a long and tiring journey of the ethical spirit,we must undergo dangers,difficulties,all sorts of tests, and unceasingly face up to the challenge.With the desire of true,kind and beautiful,persisting diligently,that one can bridge over “the despair abyss”,passe through “the lion group”, climb over “the steep grade”,step on to “a pleasant garden full of lilys all the year round” and finally marche into the delightful heaven”.Mrs.March says that lift is a long journey,our burdens are here,our road is before us,and the longing for goodness and happiness is the guid that leads us through many troubles and mistakes to the peace which is a ture Celestial City.
When the sisters feeling the bitterness and disappointment,she teaches them to learn thinking independently,self-denial and self-control.Also,by her own example,let her daughters know that have regualr hours for work and play;make each day both useful and pleasant,and prove that they should understand the worth of time by employing it well.Then youth will be delightful,old age will bring few regrets,and life become a beautiful success,in spite of poverty.
And Mr.March is mild,cautious,honest,reliable,sympathetic,and is the model of pursuit morality and self-perfection.
In this novel,Alcott regards compassion as the special and great goal,and the entire book is filled with the moral color:On Chrismas Mrs.March and her four daughters send their own breakfast to the poverty-stricken neighbour;Mr.Laurence is charitable and send expensive piano generously to music-girl
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Beth;Jo pities lonely Laurie and helps him atively;Beth is kind,considerate and gets the scarlet fever to save others;Jo and his husband operate non-profit school to adopt homeless children,and so on..
So we can see what the author pays attention is the moral consciousness of person, the entire pure human nature and the personality,and the real flawless thing in our humanity's heart.
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Chapter2. Beauty of Human Nature Revealed in the Novel
2.1 The Daily Dialogues Filled with Great Satisfaction and Love
The novel “Little Women” is full of many Platonic dialogues :the earnest instruction of the mother to her girls, the sincere comfort between sisters,the kindhearted care and supportive conversation between friends and neighbors.All these are stated with the cordial tone and give our readers the emotional resonance immediately.
“We are a deal happier than the King children,for they are fighting and fretting all the time,in spite of their money.”
“Well,I think we are;although we do have to work,we make fun for ourselves,and are a pretty jolly set.” “I want my daughters to be beautiful,accomplished,and good;to be admired,loved,and respected;to have a happy youth,to be well and wisely married,and to lead useful,pleasant lives,with as little care and sorrow to try them as God sees fit to send.To be loved and chosen by a good man is the best and
sweetest thing which can happen to a woman ;and I sincerely hope my girls may know this beautiful experience.It is natural to think of it,Meg;right to hope and wait for it,and wise to prepare for it;so that,
when the happy time comes,you may feel ready for the duties and worthy of the joy.My dear girls,I am ambitious for you,but not to have you make a dash in the world--mary rich men merely because they are rich,or have splendid hauses,which are not homes because love is wanting.Money is a needful and precious thing--and,when well used,a noble thing--but Inever want you to think it is the first or only prize to strive for.I'd rather see you poor men's wives,if you were happy,beloved,contented,than queens on thrones,without self-respect and peace.”
“Very good!Then I am quite satisfied with the experiment,and fancy that we shall not have to repeat it;only don't go to the other extreme,and delve like slaves.Have regular hours for work and play;make each day both useful and pleasant,and prove that you understand the worth of time by employing it well.Then youth will be delightful,old age will bring few regrets,and life become a beautiful success,in spite of poverty.”
“We never are too old for this,my dear,because it is a play we are playing all the time in one way or another.Our burdens are here,our road is before us,and the longing for goodness and happiness is the guide that leads us through many troubles and mistakes to the peace which is a true Celestrial City.Now,my little pilgrims,suppose you begin again,not in play,but in earnest,and see how far on you can get before father comes home.”
“Yes,sir;he seems a little lonely,and young folks would do him good perhaps.We are only girls,but we should be glad to help if we could,for we don't forget the splendid Christmas present you sent us.”
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All these are dialogues in the nonel which include a large number of inspirational talks and deserve us to ponder.And this method is a bold attempt for Alcott.Dealing with it,some unexperienced writers usually seem to make them like the dogma,slogan or the preaching,while Alcott has handled very naturally.And the main reason she could merge these general principles into the day-to-day dialogue and not offensively is grasping “the truth principle”
2.2 The Shocking and Moving Appearances Filled in the Novel
Tolstoy once said : “In life, just like in the arts, there is a very necessary thing, that is to show the truth.”And Alcott just had grasped this point, described the subtleties of daily life with her sincere attitude and expressed her sentiment and view of life from the bottom of her heart.Although “Little Woman” is referred to the trivials around the children,these often give the very moving scenes.
On the Christmas morning,the four daughters and Marmee were preparing to celebrate their Chrismas enjoyably.Then Marmee said that not far away from their house lay a poor woman with a little newborn baby.And six children were huddled into one bed to keep from freezing,for they had no fire.There was nothing to eat over there,they were suffing hunger and cold.And she advised her girls to give their breakfast to them as a Christmas present.Only a minute,Jo exclaimed impetuously:“I'm so glad you came before we began!”“May I go and help carry the things to the poor little children?”asked Beth eagerly.“I shall take the cream and the muffins,”added Amy,heroically giving up the articles she most liked.And then they all enacted escort with great dignity to their poor neighbours which even surprised and touched their mother Mrs.March.
When the horrid telegraph told their father was very ill in the army hospital,Mrs.March and her four daughters got into extreme anxiety and even had no idea.The warm-hearted neighbors friends gave their sincere comfort and chipped in their only money generously, finally let the shorting travel-expense mother start on her distant journey to Washington and look after her injured husband in her devoted care.
The shy girl Beth affected music and dreamed of having a piano of her own.When their kind neighbour Mr.Laurence bestowed a new piano to her,hot and joyful tears filled the eyes,a feeling as if she should tumble down,with such delight and surprise.“You read for me,I can't.I feel so queer1Oh,it is too lovely!” And in “Little Women” this sort of expressions full of the friendly affection and humanity are too numerous to cite individually.
2.3 Share Their Good Qualities
From the Characters of the Four Sisters and All the Other People We Could Feel the Kindness,Friendliness,Affection,Respectfulness
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1.Major Figures
Meg,the eldest of the four,was sixteen,and very pretty,being plump and fair,with large eyes,plenty of soft,brown hair,a sweet mouth,and white hands,of which sha was rather vain.
Fifteen-year-old Jo was very tall,thin,and brown,and reminded one of a colt;for she ever seemed to know what to do with her long limbs,which were very much in her way.She had a decided mouth, a comical nose,and sharp,gray eyes,which appeared to see everything,and were by turns fierce,funny,or thoughtful.Her long,thick hair was her one beautiful beautify;but it was usually bundled into a net,to be out of her way.Round shoulders had Jo,big hands and feet,a flyaway look to her clothes,and the uncomfortable appearance of a girl who was rapidly shooting up into woman,and didn't like it.
Beth,as everyone called her--was a rosy,smooth-haired,bright-eyed girl of thirteen,with a shy manner,a timid voice,and a peaceful expression,which was seldom disturbed.Her father called her“Little Tranquillity”,and the name suited her excellently;for she seemed to live in a happy world of her own,only venturing out to meet the few whom she trusted and loved.
Amy,though the youngest,was a most important person--in her own opinion at least.A regular snow-maiden,with blue eyes,and yellow hair curling on her shoulders,pale and slender,and always carrying herself like a young lady mindful of her manners.
These four little sisters,their ideal and destiny have not been the same,but they all have found their best home to return.From their point of view,family is their field of growth,also the sacred refuge.They listen to their mother's instruction carefully,and have innovative ideas one after another.With their intelligence and dexterous hands,they make their house as much beautiful,warm and comfortable.And the process of the four girls' growing up is just like an educational poem:with no gorgeous or monotonous language but only the plain and simple,the auther shows us the great closeness of human being,friendly sentiment and love.And it seems that in the eyes of the four sisters,it will be the happiest thing to live together with the person loving them.
Meg,with her graceful manner,wishing for luxurious food and dressing but not be allured by money,and finally married the poor but kind Mr.Brooke.Jo,in spite of boylish,but tender and careful to her sisters,and always working hard for the dream struggle.Beth,with her peaceful and kindhearted morality,likes doing anything without a murmur,always thinking for others.Amy,a little selfish but strenuous and grim,and finally deciding to aid the poor and made it as her eternal mission and belief.
The firm and sanguine spirit of Meg,Jo,Beth and Amy will be stored in my heart forever.And their smile is always warning us that we should strength and need to have a pure heart. 2.Minor Figures
Marmee Mrs.March,always engages in charitable work and attempts to guide her girls' moral characters.
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南昌大学共青学院毕业设计（论文） Chapter2
Laurie,a charming and rich boy,sits on March's girl side and protects them as their most intimate brother.
Hannah Mullet,maid of the March family,who is described as kind and loyal although lacks of formal education.
Aunt March,very stern and critical,disapproves of his family's charitable work,however leaves all her wealth to her nieces.
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Chapter3. Protagonist Jo is the Portrayal of Author Alcott
Jo,is coltish,outspoken,gloried in an unconcealed scorn of polite convention,with great eagerness to writing,and have the ambition of doing something earthshakingly.All are the minds and dreams of Alcott in her real life.
Once a time,Jo developed into a writer of sensational stories.This,however,was because she found a profitable market for such work and she wanted the money for herself and the others in her family.And this condition just same to Lousia May Alcott.
Lausia May Alcott was born in 1832,the second daughter of A.Bronson Alcott,the “Sage of Concord”.Her early surroundings of a highly intellectual and literary character,and she naturally took to writing while still very young.
Miss Alcott was obliged to be a wage-earner to help out the family income.So she taught at school,served as a governess and at times worked as a seamtress.Wearing of these,she began to write for hte papers stories of a sensational nature,which were remunerative finacially.But unsatisfactory to her as a literary pursuit,and soon latershe abandoned this style of writing.
And Jo,just like this:at first she thought it would do her no harm to write such stories,for she sincerely meant to write nothing of which she should be asamed,and quieted all pricks of conscience by anticipations of the happy minute when she should show her earnings and laugh over her well-kept secret.
But her best friend Mr.Dashwood rejected any but thrilling tales;and,as thrills could not be produced except by harrowing up the souls of the readers,natic asylums had to be ransacked for the purpose.Jo soon found that her innocent experience had given her but few glimpse of the tragic world which underlies society;so,regarding it in a business light,she set about supplying her deficiencies with characteristic energy.Eager to find material for srories,and bent on making them original in plot,if not masterly in execution,she searched newspapers for accidents,incidents,and crimes;she excited the suspicion of public librarians by asking for works on poisons;she studied faces in the street,and characters,good,bad,and indifferent,all about her;she delved in the dust of ancient times for facts or fictions so old that they were as good as new,and introduced herself to folly,sin,and misery,as well as her limited opportunities allowed.She thought she was beginning to desecrate some of the womanliest attributes of a woman's character.She was living in bad society;and,imaginary though it was,its influence affected her,for she was feeding heart and fancy on dangerous and unsubstantial food,and was fast brushing the innocent bloom from her nature soon enough to all of us.
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南昌大学共青学院毕业设计（论文） Chapter3
And gradually,she was beginning to feel that writing these mobid stories did her no good,and wrongdoing always brings punishment .She needed find the style of herself.And finally,she gave up that novels and found her own heart.
After several attempts at literature,Miss Alcott wrote“Little Women”,which was an immediate success,reaching a sale of 87,000 copies in three years.She wrote from the heart,and wove into the story incidents from the lives of herself and her sisters at Concord.
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Chapter4. Women Play the Indispensable Role in Family Life
As we konw,family is the harbour of happiness also cell of our society,and women play the indispensable role im family life.To build a mild,fragrant,better off and happy family life,the role of women can't be neglected.
4.1 Mother March’s Role in the Novel
And in “Little Women”,Mrs.March,is a tall,motherly lady,with a “can I help you”look about her which was truly delighted.She was not elegantlydressed,but a noble-looking woman,and the girls thought the gray cloak and unfashionable bonnet covered the most splendid mother in the world.Just because of her,the four sisters can grow up happily.When they feel perplexed,troublesome,it is their Marmee's instruction help them.
“We never are too old for this,my dear,because it is a play we are playing all the time in one way or another.Our burdens are here,our road is before us,and the longing for goodness and happiness is the guide that leads us through many troubles and mistakes to the peace which is a true Celestial City.Now,my little pilgrims,suppose you begin again,not in play,but in earnest,and see how far on you can get before father comes home.”
When the family received the telegram said their father was in very ill,girls were so afraid and nearly saw no hope.“How the room was as they listened breathlessy,how strangely the day darkened outside,and now suddenly the whole world seemed to change,as the girls gathered about their mother,feeling as if all the happiness and support of their lives was about to be taken from them.For several minutes there was nothing but the sound of sobbing in the room,mingled with broken words of comfort,tender assurances of help,and hopeful whispers that died away in tears.”And Mrs.March was herself again directly;read the message over,and stretched out her arms to her daughters,saying,in a tone they never forgot,“I shall go at once!”They tried to be calm,poor things,as their mother sat up,looking pale,but steady,and put away her grief to think and plan for them.
When Meg have some trouble with Mr.Brooke,mother advised to her,“Married life is very trying,and does need infinite patience,as well as love.John is a good man,but he has his faults,and you must learn to see and bear with them,remembering your own.He is very decided,but never will be obstinate,if you reason kindly,not oppose impatiently.He is vey accurate,and particular about the truth-a good trait,though you call him 'fussy'.Never deceive him by look or word,Meg,and he will give you the confidenceyou deserve,the support you need.He has a temper,not like ours--one flash,and then all over--but the white,still anger,that is seldom stirred,but once against yourself for peace and happiness depend on keeping his respect.Watch
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yourself,be the first to ask pardon if you both err,and guard against the little piques,misunderstanding,and hasty words that often pave the way for bitter sorrow and regret.”
After Beth's death,her boy's departure,poor Jo felt so lonely.And her sensible mother concern her daughter tenderly and kindly,“I knew you were sincere then,Jo,but lately I have thought that if he came back,and asked again,you might,perhaps,feel like giving another answer.Forgive me,dear,I can't help seeing that you are very lonely,and sometimes there is a hungry look in your eyes that goes to my heart;so I fancied that your boy might fill the empty place if he tried now.”
Concerning her four girls' sorrow,trouble,happiness,all their thoughts and behaviors.As the friend,instructor,she plays an important role and is a indispensable member in her family.
4.2 Women’s Role in Modern Family and Society
Somebody once said:“To a woman,family is the lifetime occupation.A nice woman is an outstanding gardening horticulturist who is good at seeding,cultivating,caring the young plant and is ready to tower it into dense branches,leaves and countless fruits.The affection of women is plentiful and mild exquisite,so it is more beneficial for them to get some dominance in marriage and family life to held its stability and harmony.
In our Chinese traditional thought,“cultivate ourselves,put family in order,rule the country and put peace to world” is the responsibility one should take.And “put family in order” as the premise of “administering the country”,we mean that only on the basis of each family is good,we would be able to hold together the force of social cohesion to creat better environment of the integral nation.So we can say no family,no country;no women,no family and country.
With the development of economy in our society,our material life level improve accordingly and people's request for the quality of life rise day by day.When the modernists become fagged in running after fame,gradually they turn to take their physical and mental health seriously.At this right moment,women play the role of “family nurse”,“mentality doctor”,“nutrition”……escorting and convoying the health of their members.
When facing the evil of pornography,gambling,drug abuse and trafficking ravage the sacred land of family,a lot of women joined in “The Women Four Forbid Meeting”bravelly and took the legal weapon to protect their family members.By reasoning,moving,they dragged their bewildered and misguided husbands from the deep evil swamp to the safe ground with great difficulty and sincerity.
Also,when facing their husbands were carrying away by success,money,attractive women and prepare for embeaalement and corruption,the virtuous and genial wives realized cardinal principles of righteousness,supervised and made the alarming bell numerously,finally rescued those degenerating soul.
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Chapter5. How a Woman to Show the Charming Aspect to Others
5.1 The Attractiveness of Amy
Read the novel “Little Women”carefully,we may find that between the four girls,Amy is the best who can show her femal charm elegantly,from the dressing,appearance,gesture,conversation and even the temperament.
When she visited to Mrs.Carrol's house,she behaved and answered so politely and refinedly,which had her the chance to Europe.
“Are you going to help about the fair,dear?”asked Mrs.Carrol,as Amy sat down beside her with the confiding air elderly people like so well in the young.
“Yes,aunt.Mrs.Chester asked me if I would,and I offered to tend a table,as I have nothing but my time to give.”
“I am willing to work:it's for the freemen as well as the Chesters,and I think it very kind of them to let me share the labor and the fun.Patronage does not trouble me when it is well meant.”
“Quite right and proper.I like your grateful spirit,my dear;it's a pleasure to help people who appreciate our efforts:some do not,and that is trying,”observed Aunt March.
“Do you speak French,dear?”asked Mrs.Carrol,laying her hand on Amy's.
“Pretty well,thanks to Aunt March who lets Easter talk to me as often as I like,”replied Amy,with a grateful look,which caused the old lady to smile affably.
“You are quite strong well,now,dear,I believe?Eyes don't trouble you any more,do they?”
“Not at all,thank you ma'am.I'm very well,and mean to do great things next winter,so that I may be ready for Rome,whenever that joyful time arrives.”
“Good girl.You deserve to go,and I'm sure you will someday,”said Aunt March,with an approving pat on the head,as Amy picked her ball for her.
And then Amy kissed both aunts,and the girl departed leaving behind the impression of sunshine. During her journey she met Laurie on the way,and new impressions of her to her neighbour brother,not the last lovely young girl,but a more elegant and cultivated lady.The description to Amy even an girl will be fascinated:In spite of this affliction,she looked unusually gay and gracefully as she glided away;she seldom ran--it did not suit her style,she thought,for,being tall,the stately and Junoesque was more appropriate than the sportive or piquante.She walked up and down the long saloon while waiting for Laurie,and once arranged herself under the chandelier,which had a good effect upon her hair;then she thought better of it,and went away to the other end of the room,as if ashamed of the girlish desire to have the first view a propitious one.
And any young girl can imagine Amy's state of mind when she“took the stage”that night,leaning on Laurie's arm.She knew she looked well,she loved to dance,she felt that her foot was on her native heath in a
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ballroom,and enjoyed the delightful sense of power which comes when young girls first discover the new and lovely kingdom they are born to rule by virtue of beauty,youth,and womanhood.She did pity the Davis girls,who were awkward,plain,and destitute of escort,except a grim papa and three grimmer maiden aunts,and she bowed to them in her friendliest manner as she passed;which was good of her,as it permitted them to see her dress,and burn with curiosity to know who her distinguished-looking friend might be.With the first burst of the band,Amy's color rose,her eyes began to sparkle,and her feet to tap the floor impatiently;for she danced well,and wanted Laurie to know it,therefore the shock she received can better be imagined than described.
5.2 How A Woman to Become More Attractiveness
What a woman could do to make herself more attractive? After reading the novel,I conclude as follows:
First you should be confident.In recent society,there are so many competitions everywhere,and the women who are always weak,helpless and repentant will not be welcome.Men are no longer the gonernor of women,while women are no longer the accessories of the men.What's the most important for a woman is to learn salvation and improvement by herself.And it passive and insecure to long for bestowing your happiness from a man.
Once there was a famous female reporter,previous to that,she was only a plain girl in the poor peasant family.After her failure in the entrance examination to university,she wasn't depressed but more diligent and assiduous,and offered herself to a newspaper office as volunteer not demanding any dollar.Through the great endeavour,several years later she became a professional reputable journalist.
I have read an article before, it mainly talks about what kind of women men admire,I’m not sure whether men really like those kinds of women mentioned in the article,but one deserves to be paid attentioned is confidence.And in most men’s opinion, they enjoy women with confidence,for they think think confident women could take responsibility,and their confident behavior make men feel safely.Also,their sanguine charcter will encourge men never to be obsolete or degenerate.
However,confidence doesn’t mean intrepidity.Confident women are not only poised to get well along with people,have their own ideas without sloven,but also they are mild,meek,and not ashamed of showing their weakness which will not avoid men appreciating or approaching them.
Secondly,be elitist.And here,the elitist not means the powerful family background or the eminent position,but points to elitist in psychology and ideology.Definitely,women of wretched,dissolute and frivolous are repugnant to everyone.
A man could be a woman's escort in life,while the woman needs to provide this kind of confidence to her man:it is to let him at ease and be happy to entrust with his love.In “La Deme Aux Camelias” of Alexandre Fils Dumas,one reason for the master loves the maidservant is that the honourable quality full of
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feminine taste.This kind of women is able to bring more courage to men,for in their lives store the benevolent charm that could purify the man's soul and stimulate his striving ambition.So the modern dispense with these noble qualities to avoid flattering vulgarity and following blindly.
Moreover,women should be with the character of goodwill,reasonableness,sensibility and kindness.Ant the goodwill is not limited to mildness or tenderness.The man is certainly fond of woman's mildness for it could warm man's heart and soul.However,sometimes mildness seems one kind of love lacking of displine and principle.A woman is not worthy of devoting her love and tenderness to an incompetent man.Even to some degree,her tenderness will help foster the crime or sin of her man.So we say love should be restrained and benevolent.
In our period,man is on longer used to living a small and limited circle,and woman should learn to adapt by themselves not be trapped in love or regard it as the whole of her life.Smart women are often optimistic about her love,make their mind much more broad and keep their love solid and eternal.
In addition,women should act assertively and decisively.Some psychologists believe that women are often emotional rather than rational,which will be the fatal weakness hindered in the character of most women.
Anyway,humanbeing is complicated,the more dissimiliar,the greater interest they will take with in.So the smart women should keep men in a position of conquers and be militant enough.At the same time,they should let men captivate their irresistible charm without any disappointment.And it is not easy for them to succeed without trouble.
5.3 How to Choose on Face of Marriage
Like the instructions of mother to their girls,“Money is a good and useful thing,Jo;and I hope my girls will never feel the need of it too bitterly,not be tempted by too much.I should like to know that John was firmly established in some good business,which gave him an income large enough to keep free from debt and make Meg comfortable.I'm not ambitious for a splendid fortune,a fashionable position,or a great name for my girls.If rank and money come with love and virture,also,I should accept them gratefully,and enjoy your good fortune;but I know,by experience,how much genuine happiness can be had in a plain little house,where the daily bread is earned,and some privations give sweetness to the few pleasures.I am content to see Meg begin humbly,for,if I am not mistaken,she will be rich in the possession of a good man's heart,and that is better than a fortune.”
Face to the marriage and happiness in front of us,we should have the sense of satisfaction,not only compare it others.Money,power,position are not such important,though to some degree they can bring in a little happiness to us,they are not the real wellbeing we need.
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南昌大学共青学院毕业设计（论文） Chapter6
Chapter6.Modern Female-- As Powerhouse Both in Life and Enterprise
6.1 The Women in Old Society
Influenced by the past far-reaching feudal ideology,female's position in family life is always only fixed on “bring up childre,assist husband,take care of parents and be fillial to parents-in-law,manage household affairs”,and so on.But their own personalism,ability,wisdom and social values are submerged in monotonous family trifles in vain.In this condition,they consider happiness or misfortune just as destiny and fail to take the positive role in the palm of her hand,let alone taking conscious activity to construct harmoniousness of family.
6.2 Women in Modern Society
No longer only the tender wife,wise mother,nice daughter,modern feamle have got the equality with male and made great contributions and achievements in their career.In the field of education,law,finance,industry,appeared more and more women experts.They keep independent dignity,personality and unique charm,make themselves the governor of their destiny.
According one questionnaire,mostly the failure of women come from their own maximal limitation created by themselves,sorrowful,be afraid of failing and discussions,ridicules,content with their present condition……
As we know,caring too much others mean restrict yourself in an ally.So women should be strenuous,confident,fervent and put yourself exposed in front of others,not afraid of failing,being censure or gossiping.Respect life,respect youeself, compete with others and match forward courageously.Under the reform and opening policy,there were many laid-off women wokers,being independent and making earnest efforts to stand their their feet,finally became entrepreneuses in high esteem.Other leader posts or even the front line of production,also many respectable women model came into being.They could take control of situation and their destiny by hardworking,wisdom and won others' respect.
6.3Their Further Ideal
Being self-esteem,confident,standing on one's own feet are only a part of their indefatigable efforts.At the same time,modern female are probing their new way of development and trying to realize their great leap.Besides the family responsibility and splendid successful enterprise,they kept promoting nation's material and cultural progress in their mind.Just as the classical sentence that the literary giant Goethe said in in his poetry:Femal guide us progress in the long term and eternity.The twenty-first century is expected of harmonious family and society accompanied with the modern female times.
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Chapter7. The Pioneer Spirit of America Reveals Its Cultural Value of 19
Century
The style of description in “Little Women” is exquisite, the conversations are huorous and interesting, the tone is plain and authentic.Considering the plot, character and the number of words, “Little Women” is a small book,but actually it is a masterpiece for in it reveals the great theme.It is the friendly affection,mutually help,constantly strive for self-improvement as well as the pioneer's spirit which the early the American nationality has.
7.1 Definition of Pioneer Spirit
The pioneer's spirit means the consciousness of living and survival of the immigrants at the beginning of their nation is founded.They opened the wild wooded mountain with their full strength and struggled with all kinds of disasters.With the will and the faith that they would win at last to establish their new world.In their eyes,the new America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management,and that “one man of tolerable abilities will work great changes and accomplish great affairs among mankind.This kind of consciousness has become the spiritual undertaking cornerstone of US national society which has created the great achievement for US.And simultaneously it became the universal spiritual inheritance of unceasingly seeking the development of their society.
7.2 Its Significance
Pioneer's spirit not only became the universal consciousness in American society,but also was introduced by many American writers:such the “Moby Dick”,”Waden Lake”,as well as “East Garden of Eden” and so on.
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南昌大学共青学院毕业设计（论文） Conclusion
Conclusion
“Little Women”is a novel just like the family diary,throughout it, the author has revealed and emphasized
the
family
consciousness,and
has
composed
a
tune
of
praising
the
peaceful,harmonious,cheerful and happy family life.
Also,it is a moral ethical novel,and compares our human life as a long and tiring journey of the ethical spirit,we must undergo dangers,difficulties,all sorts of tests, and unceasingly face up to the challenge.What the author pays attention is the moral consciousness of person, the entire pure human nature and the personality,and the real flawless thing in our humanity's heart.
Moreover,it is a novel full of the American realism.It uses the simple realistic mode of writing,has reappeared the American cultural values in the middle and late 19th century :It emphasizes the importance of individual dignity, persists that we should stand on own feet,with the will and faith that we will win for certain to construct the brand-new world, and all these manifest the pioneer spirit of America.
“Little Women” is one lasting and prolonged famous novel in American and even the world literature. The picture of happy, beautiful, harmonious, warm and optimistic family life store in the
heart of each reader. And the spirit of grimness, self-control , self-reliance encourages us to pursuit our dream daringly.
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References
[1] 吴定柏“An Outline of American Literature” 上海教育出版社 1998 [2] 常耀信“A Survey of American Literature” 南开大学出版社 2003 [3] Lousia May Alcott “Little Women” 世界图书出版公司 2005
[4] 金虹 刘伯红《世纪之交的中国女性与发展》 南开大学出版社 1998 [5] 林德 《女人获得真爱的30条魔法》 中国华侨出版社 2003 [6] 史志康《美国文学背景概述》上海外语教育出版社 1996 [7] 鲍晓兰《西方女性主义研究评价》中国人民大学出版社 1996 [8] 刘春英 陈玉立 译《小妇人》译林出版社 1998 [9] (美)奥尔科特著,李鹏译《小妇人》中国致公出版社2005
[10] 黄国文 葛达西 张美芳How To Write a Reseach Paper 重庆大学出版社 2004
[11] 吴伟仁“History and Anthology of American Literature ”Foreign Language Teaching Reseach Press 1990
[12] 隋铭才“A General Surrey of UK and USA” 高等教育出版社 2003 [13] 朱永涛 王立才《英语国家社会与文化入门》 高等教育出版社 2000
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and 南昌大学共青学院毕业设计（论文） References
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Acknowledgement
The thesis was accomplished under the guilding of academic advosor Mr.Qiao and Mr.He.Mr.Qiao is warm and with utmost care and I was affected and encouraged by his serious scientific attitudes. From the beginning to the end,Mr.Qiao has been guilding and suporting me attentively.For my more than three years' study,Mr.He has not only directed me on the study but also my thoughts and life meticulously.
Therefore,I express my sincere acknowledgement to Mr.Qiao and Mr.He.Besides,I appreciate the supporting and help of all my dear teachers and classmates.
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