Section Ⅲ Grammar——非限制性定语从句
语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 1.Xie Lei，who is 21 years old，has come to our university to study for a business qualification. 2.Living with host families，in which there may be other college students，gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture. 3.She is halfway through the preparation year，which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. 4.“You have to get used to a whole new way of life，which can take up all your concentration in the beginning，” explained Xie Lei，who had lived all her life in the same city in China. 后自主感悟 1.所有例句中的黑体部分都是非限制性定语从句，其标志为从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。位置可以置于主句之中(如例句1、2)，也可以置于主句之后(如例句3、4)。 2.例句1中先行词为Xie Lei，指人，在从句中作主语，故用who引导。 3.例句2中先行词为host families，指物，在从句中作介词in 的宾语，故用in which引导。 4.例句3中先行词为the preparation year，指物，在从句中作动词complete的宾语，故用which引导。 5.例句4中which指代整个主句的内容；who指代先行词Xie Lei。
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 意义 结构 要求 功能 引导 词 限制性定语从句 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 修饰先行词 所有的关系代词及副词 非限制性定语从句 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 修饰先行词或整个主句 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外 - 1 -
省略 情况 译法 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去 翻译成先行词的定语，“……的” 非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省去 通常翻译成主句的并列句 We visited the school where we studied two years ago. (限制性定语从句，起限定作用)
我们参观了两年前在那儿上学的学校。
The house，which we bought last month，lies in the centre of the city. 那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子) The house which/that we bought last month lies in the centre of the city. 我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。(限制性定语从句，暗含“可能有若干套房子”之意)
[即时训练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①His mother，who loves him very much，is strict with him.
②Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，which，of course，made the others unhappy.
二、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题 1．非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
I am fond of the novel，which you bought for me. 我喜欢那本小说，就是你给我买的那本。
2．非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。 I have told him the reason，for which I missed the early bus. 我没能赶上早班车，我已经告诉了他原因。
3．非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He is shallow，which is known to us all in our company.(先行词为主句的内容) 他很肤浅，我们公司的人都知道。 [即时训练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①Wang Fang passed her exam，which surprised me a great deal. ②The reason，for which he was absent from the meeting，wasn't given. 三、as，which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 关系词 指代 as 指代整个主句所表达的内容 which 既可指代整个主句所表达的内容，又可指代主句的一部分 - 2 -
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 常用来表示说话人对于某事的态度、引导的从句不能位于主句之前 一般表示某事的状况或结果，含有“这，那”的意思 意义 解释或评论等，含有“正如……”的意思 As we know，light travels faster than sound. ＝Light，as we know，travels faster than sound. ＝Light travels faster than sound，as we know. 正如我们所知，光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快。
Smoking is harmful to one's health，as is known to all. 吸烟有害健康，这一点是众所周知的。
My parents often treat me as a baby，which I can't bear. 父母常常把我当小孩看待，这是我难以忍受的。 [名师点津]
as常用在一些固定结构中。 as is said above 如上所述 as is known to all 众所周知 as has been said before 如前所说 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 as often happens 这种情况常常发生
as is already mentioned above 就跟上边所提到的那样 as you can see 就跟你看到的那样 [即时训练3] 用适当的关系词填空
①There is no simple answer，as is often the case in science.
②Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不可以用that；关系代词在从句中作定语时用whose。from where也可以引导定语从句。
He came to a farm，on which he finally settled. 他来到一个农场，最终在那里定居。
He has two sons，both of whom are doctors. 他有两个儿子，都是医生。
The family，at whose house I stayed，are friends of my father's.
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那家人是我父亲的朋友，我在他们家住过。
We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the whole town. 我们站在山顶上，从那里可以看到整个城镇。 [名师点津]
介词的选择
(1)根据与从句中的动词、形容词或名词所构成的固定短语来确定。 (2)根据与先行词的搭配来确定。 (3)根据整个句意来确定。
[即时训练4] 用适当的关系词填空
①With the fast development of agriculture，the people，in whose village she taught 10 years ago，have lived a happy life.
②The police arrived，after which the situation became calmer.
③Soon after getting off his horse，the captain appeared at the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As is known to everybody，the moon is smaller than the earth.
2．I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
3．He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and respected as his own mother.
4．He has passed the college entrance examination，which makes his parents quite happy.
5．The glasses，without which he was like a blind man，were broken.
6．Mo Yan，most of whose novels have been adapted for films，is now a worldfamous writer.
7．The living standard of the people in China，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past decades.
8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of which uses it differently.
9．You will have to wait for one more week，when the manager will be back from his trip.
10．We walked down the village street，where people were having a market day. Ⅱ.用非限制性定语从句完成句子
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1．众所周知，月亮每月绕地球转一周。
As is known to all/everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.(as)
2．昨天她买了些布，她打算用这些布做一件裙子。
She bought some cloth yesterday，with which she was going to make a dress.(with) 3．他们住在一个高楼里，在楼的前面矗立着一棵大树。
They lived in a tall building，in front of which stood a big tree.(stand) 4．让我们为我们的约会定个日期，届时我们将谈论这件事。
Let's fix the date for our appointment，when we will discuss the matter.(discuss) 5．这群人共有60人，其中一半的人是工人。
There are 60 people in the group，half of whom are workers.(whom)
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