简爱

Jane Eyre

作者简介

简·爱（夏洛蒂·勃朗特)

《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）是十九世纪英国著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，人们普遍认为《简·爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平写照”，是一部具有自传色彩的作品。讲述一位从小变成孤儿的英国女子在各种磨难中不断追求自由与尊严，坚持自我，最终获得幸福的故事。小说引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历，歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见，成功塑造了一个敢于反抗，敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。

•Title page of the first edition of Jane Eyre•Charlotte's first manuscript, The Professor, did not secure a publisher, although she was heartened by an encouraging response from Smith, Elder & Co. of

Cornhill, who expressed an interest in any longer works Currer Bell might wish to send.[7] Charlotte responded by finishing and sending a second manuscript in August 1847. Six weeks later Jane Eyre: An Autobiography was published. It tells the story of a plain governess, Jane, who,

Jane Eyre had immediate commercial success and initially received favourable reviews. G. H. Lewes wrote that it was \"an utterance from the depths of a struggling, suffering, much-enduring spirit,\" and declared that it consisted of \"suspiria de profundis!\" (sighs from the depths).[9]Speculation about the identity and gender of the mysterious Currer Bell heightened with the publication of Wuthering Heights by Ellis Bell (Emily) and Agnes Greyby Acton Bell (Anne).[10]

Accompanying the speculation was a change in the critical reaction to Charlotte's work, as accusations were made that the writing was \"coarsehat Currer Bell was a woman.[12] However, sales of Jane Eyre

continued to be strong and may even have increased as a result of the novel developing a reputation as an \"improper\" book.[13]

人物分析

Jane Eyre: The protagonist of the novel and the title character. Orphaned as a baby, she struggles through her nearly loveless childhood and becomes governess at Thornfield Hall. Jane is passionate and strongly principled, and values freedom and independence. She also has a strong conscience and is a determined Christian.•Edward Fairfax Rochester: The master of

Thornfield Hall. A Byronic hero, he is tricked into making an unfortunate first marriage to Bertha Mason many years before he meets Jane, with whom he falls madly in love.

故事情节

The Salutation pub in Hulme, Manchester. This is where Charlotte Brontë began to write Jane Eyre; the pub was a lodge in the 1840s.[12][13]

The early sequences, in which Jane is sent to Lowood, a harsh boarding school, are derived from the author's own experiences. Helen Burns's death from tuberculosis (referred to as consumption) recalls the deaths of Charlotte Brontë's sisters Elizabeth and Maria, who died of the disease in childhood as a result of the conditions at their school, the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge, near

Tunstall, Lancashire. Mr. Brocklehurst is based on Rev. William Carus Wilson (1791–1859), the Evangelical minister who ran the school. Additionally, John Reed's decline into alcoholism and dissolution

recalls the life of Charlotte's brother Branwell, who became an opium and alcohol addict in the years preceding his death.

Finally, like Jane, Charlotte became a governess. These facts were revealed to the public in The Life of Charlotte Brontë (1857) by Charlotte's friend and fellow novelist Elizabeth Gaskell.[14]

The Gothic manor of Thornfield Hall was probably inspired by North Lees Hall, near Hathersage in the Peak District. This was visited by Charlotte Brontë and her friend Ellen Nussey in the summer of 1845 and is described by the latter in a letter dated 22 July 1845. It was the

residence of the Eyre family, and its first owner, Agnes Ashurst, was reputedly confined as a lunatic in a padded second floor room.[14]It has been suggested that the Wycoller Hall in Lancashire, close to Haworth, provided the setting for Ferndean Manor to which Mr Rochester retreats after the fire at Thornfield: there are similarities between the owner of Ferndean, Mr Rochester's father, and Henry Cunliffe who inherited Wycoller in the 1770s and lived there until his

death in 1818; one of Cunliffe's relatives was named Elizabeth Eyre (née Cunliffe).[15]

The sequence in which Mr Rochester's wife sets fire to the bed curtains was prepared in an August 1830 homemade publication of Brontë's The Young Men's Magazine, Number 2

创作背景

•

作者创作《简·爱》时的英国已是世界上的头号工业大国，但英国妇女的地位并没有改变，依然处于从属、依附的地位，女子的生存目标就是要嫁入豪门，即便不能生在富贵人家，也要努力通过婚姻获得财富和地位，女性职业的惟一选择是当个好妻子、好母亲。以作家为职业的女性会被认为是违背了正当女性气质，会受到男性的激烈攻击，从夏洛蒂姐妹的作品当初都假托男性化的笔名一事，可以想见当时的女性作家面临着怎样的困境。而《简·爱》这一经典名著就是在这一被动的背景下写成的。

艺术特色•大量运用心理描写是这本小说的一大特

色。全书构思精巧，情节波澜起伏，给读者制造出一种阴森恐怖的气氛，而又不脱离一个中产阶级家庭的背景。作者还以行情的笔法描写了主人公之间的真挚爱情和自然风景，感情色彩丰富而强烈。在风景描绘上，作者以画家的审美角度去鉴赏，以画家的情趣去把握光和影的和谐。色彩斑斓的景物细致生动，用词精确。

•《简·爱》在内容结构上有以下特点：

《简·爱》的结构是一种《神曲》式的艺术构架。简爱经历了地狱（盖茨赫德和罗沃德）的烤炙，炼狱（桑菲尔德和沼泽地）的净化，最后到达可大彻大悟的天国着一理想境界（与罗切斯特结合并诞生了象征新生的下一代）。

•作者运用渲染气氛、噩梦、幻觉、预感来营造地狱的气氛，构筑寓言式的环境。在盖茨赫德，简爱从生活中感觉到了“阴森森的祭奠气氛”，看到时隐时现的“幽灵”，而压抑恐怖，令人毛骨悚然的“红

主题

李慧娟曹文霞李甜甜

刘亚连段添瑞巴艳荣