2．北京外国语大学英语基础测试（技能）考研真题及详解（2011-2013）北京外国语大学2013年英语基础测试（技能）考研真题PartIGRAMMAR(30Points)A.CorrectErrorsThepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha∧andwritethewordwhichyoubelieveismissingintheblankattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash/andputthewordintheblankattheendoftheline.WhilethenumberofCanadianswhosaidFrenchwastheirmothertonguerosetojustover7moutofthetotal33m,andthoseclaimingtheycouldconductaconversationinFrenchwasuptoalmost10min2011comparedtothe2006census,bothcategorieshavedeclinedslightlyasaproportionofthepopulation,inCanadaoverallandinQuebec.ThoseareabletohaveaconversationinbothEnglishandFrenchinwhatisofficiallyabilingualcountrynownumber5.8m,or17.5%ofthepopulation,aslightrise.ButacloserlookofthosefiguresshowsthatitwasmainlyaresultofQuebeckerslearningEnglishrathertheotherwayround.Inacountrywheremulticulturalismisseenasavirtue,thelanguagerevelationsinthecensuswasmostlynotedasapositivesign.TheexceptionwasQuebec,wherethePartiQuébécoisgovernment,whichsupportstheeventuallyseparationoftheprovincewiththerestofCanada,ispreparingtotoughenitslanguagelawswithnewlegislationexpectingthisweek.ThebillproposestoeliminateloopholesintheexistinglawusedbyparentstosendtheirchildrentoEnglish-languageschools,wouldbarstudentsgraduatingfromaFrench-languagesecondaryschoolfromattendinganEnglish-languagecollege,andwouldextendarequirementthatFrenchwouldbeusedintheworkplacetocovermorebusinesses.“Frenchislosingground,”saidPaulineMarois,theQuebecpremier.“Wehavetocorrectthatsituation.”Thebattlecontinues.PartIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(80points)A.MultipleChoicePleasereadthefollowingpassagesandchooseA,B,CorDtobestcompletethestatementsorbestanswerthequestionsinfrontofthem.Passage1Germanyhasgoldreservesofjustunder3,400tons,thesecond-largestreservesintheworld10.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______3.______4.______1.______2.______aftertheUnitedStates.MuchofthatisinthesafekeepingofcentralbanksoutsideGermany,especiallyintheUS.Onewouldthinkthatwithsuchavaluablestash,wortharound∈133billion($170billion),theGermangovernmentwouldwanttokeepacloseeyeonitswhereabouts.ButnowabizarredisputehasbrokenoutbetweendifferentGermaninstitutionsoverhowcloselythereservesshouldbechecked.Germany’sfederalauditoffice,theBundesrechnungshof,whichmonitorsthegovernment’sfinancialmanagement,isunhappywithhowthecentralbank,theBundesbank,keepstabsonitsgold.Accordingtomediareports,theauditorsaredissatisfiedwiththefactthatgoldreservesinFrankfurtaremorecloselymonitoredthanthoseheldabroad.InGermany,spotchecksarecarriedouttomakesurethatthegoldbarsareintherightplace.ButfortheGermangoldthatisstoredontheBundesbank’sbehalfbytheUSFederalReserveinNewYork,theBankofEnglandinLondonandtheBanquedeFranceinParis,theGermancentralbankreliesontheassurancesofitsforeigncounterpartsthatthegoldiswhereitshouldbe.ThethreeforeigncentralbanksgivetheBundesbankannualstatementsconfirmingthesizeofthereserves,buttheGermansdonotusuallycarryoutphysicalinspectionsofthebars.AccordingtoGermanmediareports,theBundesrechnungshofhasnowrecommendedinitsconfidentialannualauditoftheBundesbankfor2011thatGermany’scentralbankcheckitsforeigngoldreserveswithyearlyspotchecks.TheBundesbankhasrejectedthedemand,arguingthatcentralbanksdonotusuallycheckeachothers’reserves,andtherearenodoubtsabouttheintegrityandthereputationoftheseforeigndepositories.Germanymovedsomeofits.goldreservesabroadduringtheColdWartoprotectthemfromapossibleSovietattack.SomeofthegoldwasmovedbacktoFrankfurtafterthecollapseofcommunism.ButtheBundesbankarguesthatitstillmakessensetostoresomegoldinmajorfinancialcenterssothatitcanbesoldquicklyifnecessary.AlthoughtheBundesbankdoesnotprovideexactdetailsaboutthedistribution,ithasrevealedthatthelargestshareofGermany’sgoldisheldinNewYork,followedbyFrankfurt,LondonandParis.IntimesofuncertaintyaboutthefutureofEurope’scommoncurrency,goldisahottopic,andsomeGermanstakeadimviewofthefactthatmuchofthecountry’sgold—whichtheoreticallybelongstothepeople—isheldabroad.Somemembersofparliamenthaveevenexpresseddoubtsastowhethertheforeigngoldreservesreallyexist.PhilippMissfelder,amemberoftheconservativeChristianDemocraticUnion(CDU),wantedtoseethegoldforhimselfandtraveledtoNewYorkinpersontoinspecttheholdings,accordingtothenewspaperFrankfurterRundschau.PeterGauweiler,aBundestagmemberwiththeChristianSocialUnion(CSU),isalsoskepticalabouttheforeigngoldreserves.InrecentyearshehasattemptedtogainmoreinformationaboutGermany’sgoldthroughparliamentaryquestions.Lastyear,hehadaneconomicsprofessorprepareanexpertreportonthesubject,whichconcludedthattheBundesbankwasnotfulfillingitsinventoryregulationsbyfailingtophysicallyinspectthegold.GauweilerdoubtsthattheBundesbankwouldhaveimmediateaccesstoallitsgoldifnecessary,suggestingthatpartofthegoldmayhaveevenbeenlentout—aclaimthattheBundesbankrejects.SomeGermansevenwanttobringthegoldreservesbacktoGermany.Aninitiativecalled“GoldAction”iscampaigningundertheslogan:“RepatriateOurGold!”ItspetitionhasbeensignedbyprominentindustrialistHans-OlafHenkelandFrankSchaiffler,aparliamentarianwiththebusiness-friendlyFreeDemocrats.Theinitiativeallegesthatthereisan“acute”dangerthattheGermangoldcouldbeexpropriatedasaresultofthefinancialanddebtcrisis.TheyarguethattheGermangovernmentcouldsoonbeforcedtosellgoldtocoverthecostsofthecrisis.ButtheBundesbankwantstoleavethegoldwhereitis.ObserverspointoutthatapartfromthehighcostoftransportingthegoldbacktoFrankfurt,thesymboliceffectofGermanyrepatriatingitsgoldreservesmightunsettlethenervousfinancialmarkets,whocouldseeitasasignofanimpendingcollapseoftheeuro.(1)TheGermanBundesbankmakessureofitsgoldreservesstoredintheU.S.by______.A.carryingoutspotchecksofthegoldbarsB.requestingannualstatementsfromforeigndepositoriesC.travellingtoNewYorktoinspecttheholdingsD.conductingconfidentialannualauditofthedepositories(2)Germanystoresalargeshareofitsgoldreservesabroadbecause______.A.theBundesbankwantstosafeguardthegoldagainsttheSoviets.B.theforeignbankshavesuspiciousintegrityandreputation.C.thegoldcanbetradedinstantlywhenthereisaneedtodoso.D.theassurancesofitsforeigncounterpartsaresofarreliable.(3)TheBundestagmemberGauweilesuggeststhat______.A.thegoldmaybejustfiguresandnon-existentinreality.B.thegovernmentcouldsoonsellthegoldtotackledebtcrisis.C.thegoldmayhavebeenalreadyusedforotherpurposes.D.torepatriatethegoldisthecentralbank’sinventoryregulation.(4)WhatwillbethebiggestimpactoftransportingthegoldbacktoGermany?A.ProsperityofFrankfurtB.BurdenoftransportcostsC.ChaosoffederalauditsD.Panicinfinancialmarkets(5)Whatisthecentralideaofthispassage?A.Germanydoeschecksonitsgoldreservesinforeignbanks.B.GermansworryaboutthesafetyoftheirgoldreservesabroadC.Germany’sgoldreservesstoredintheU.S.arenotsafe.D.TheBundesbankfailedtofulfillitsinventorydutiesongoldPassage2Inthelate1960s,atelevisionproducernamedJoanGantzCooneysetouttostartanepidemic.Hertargetwasthree-,four-,andfive-year-olds.Heragentofinfectionwastelevision,andthe“virus”shewantedtospreadwasliteracy.Theshowwouldlastanhourandrunfivedaysaweek,andthehopewasthatifthathourwascontagiousenoughitcouldserveasaneducationalTippingPoint:givingchildrenfromdisadvantagedhomesaleguponcetheybeganelementaryschool,spreadingprolearningvaluesfromwatcherstononwatchers,infectingchildrenandtheirparents,andlingeringlongenoughtohaveanimpactwellafterthechildrenstoppedwatchingtheshow.Cooneyprobablywouldn’thaveusedtheseconceptsordescribedhergoalsinpreciselythisway.Butwhatshewantedtodo,inessence,wascreatealearningepidemictocountertheprevailingepidemicsofpovertyandilliteracy.ShecalledherideaSesameStreet.Byanymeasure,thiswasanaudaciousidea.Televisionisagreatwaytoreachlotsofpeople,veryeasilyandcheaply.Itentertainsanddazzles.Butitisn’taparticularlyeducationalmedium.GeraldLesser,aHarvardUniversitypsychologistwhojoinedwithCooneyinfoundingSesameStreet,saysthatwhenhewasfirstaskedtojointheproject,backinthelate1960s,hewasskeptical.“Ihadalwaysbeenverymuchintofittinghowyouteachtowhatyouknowaboutthechild,”hesays.“Youtrytofindthekid’sstrengths,soyoucanplaytothem.Youtrytounderstandthekid’sweaknesses,soyoucanavoidthem.Thenyoutryandteachthatindividualkid’sprofileTelevisionhasnopotential,nopowertodothat.”Goodteachingisinteractive.Itengagesthechildindividually.Itusesallthesenses.Itrespondstothechild.Butatelevisionisjustatalkingbox.Inexperiments,childrenwhoareaskedtoreadapassageandarethentestedonitwillinvariablyscorehigherthanchildrenaskedtowatchavideoofthesamesubjectmatter.Educationalexpertsdescribetelevisionas“lowinvolvement.”Televisionislikeastrainofthecommoncoldthatcanspreadlikelightningthroughapopulation,butonlycausesafewsnifflesandisgoneinaday.ButCooneyandLesserandathirdpartner—LloydMorrisettoftheMarkleFoundationinNewYork—setouttotryanyway.Theyenlistedsomeofthetopcreativemindsoftheperiod.Theyborrowedtechniquesfromtelevisioncommercialstoteachchildrenaboutnumbers.TheyusedtheliveanimationofSaturdaymorningcartoonstoteachlessonsaboutlearningthealphabet.Theybroughtincelebritiestosinganddanceandstarincomedysketchesthattaughtchildrenaboutthevirtuesofcooperationorabouttheirownemotions.SesameStreetaimedhigherandtriedharderthananyotherchildren’sshowhad,andtheextraordinarythingwasthatitworked.Virtuallyeverytimetheshow’seducationalvaluehasbeentested—andSesameStreethasbeensubjecttomoreacademicscrutinythananytelevisionshowinhistory—ithasbeenprovedtoincreasethereadingandlearningskillsofitsviewers.Therearefeweducatorsandchildpsychologistswhodon’tbelievethattheshowmanagedtospreaditsinfectiousmessagewellbeyondthehomesofthosewhowatchedtheshowregularly.ThecreatorsofSesameStreetaccomplishedsomethingextraordinary,andthestoryofhowtheydidthatisamarvelousillustrationofaruleoftheTippingPoint,theStickinessFactor.Theydiscoveredthatbymakingsmallbutcriticaladjustmentsinhowtheypresentedideastopreschoolers,theycouldovercometelevision’sweaknessasateachingtoolandmakewhattheyhadtosaymemorable.SesameStreetsucceededbecauseitlearnedhowtomaketelevisionsticky.(6)Whydoestheauthoruse“virus”and“epidemic”todescribetheSesameStreet?A.Itisconsideredasadisease.B.Ithasmedicalimplications.C.Ithopestospreadliketheflu.D.Itinfectseducationalhealth.(7)Theterm“educationalTippingPoint”inParagraph1probablymeans______.A.crucialpointinmentalgrowthB.yardstickofliteracyC.stimulustolearningD.pointwherechangebegins(8)WhatisthepurposetheSesameStreetprojecthopestoachieve?A.Changethelifeofunderprivilegedchildren.B.Givepoorchildrenanequalstart.C.Eliminatepovertyandilliteracy.D.Helpdisadvantagedhomesacquireeducation.(9)GeraldLesserwasskepticalaboutSesameStreet,because______.A.theshowwasmorerecreationalthaneducational.B.televisionwasnotaninteractiveorengagingmedium.C.therewasnoinvolvementamongtheaudience.D.non-watchersscoredhigherintheteststhanwatchers.(10)WhichofthefollowingdidCooneyandherpartnersexcludefromtheproductionoftheshow?A.Recruitingcelebritiesasgueststars.B.EmployingtechniquesofTVcommercials.C.Enliveningtheteachingwithcartoons.D.Involvingparentsforinteractivepurposes.B.TrueorFalseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthendecidewhetherthestatementswhichfollowaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Mostseriousscientistsspendagoodpartoftheirwakinghoursamidpapersandpreprints,equationsandequipment,conductingexperiments,talkingaboutgraphsanddata,arguingaboutideasandtheories,teaching,andwritinggrantproposals.Butiftheybrowseinbookstoresorglanceinthebookreviewsectionsofjournals,theycannotfailtofindafascinatingphenomenoninthescientificlandscape:booksproclaimingtheextrarationalimplicationsofscienceareproliferating.Religionandmysticismareinchingtheirwaybackintothearenaofsciencewhence(somethought)theyhadbeengraduallyweededoutduringthepasttwocenturies.RightfromthedaysofKeplerandGalileo,scientistshavegenerallyhadareligioussidetothem:Afterall,exceptwhentheyencounterfaithsofadifferentshade,religionsnormallyhaveonlycivilizingeffectsonthehumanheart.IsaacNewtonbelievedinapersonalGod,explicitlycallinghimselfHisservant.LeonardEulerwasdeeplyreligious,andsowereAugustinCauchyandMichaelFaraday.Oneauthorhaswrittena100-pagevolumefilledwithquotationsfromeminentscientistsexpressingtheirreligiousconvictions.Noreflectingscientistcanbeimmunetotheaweandmajestyofthephysicalworld,norinsensitivetothedeepmysteryunderlyinglifeandconsciousness,thoughsomemaynotexpressitintraditionalways.Butthescientificworldviewarrivedatbycollectiveandextensiveinquiries,fortifiedbycountlessinstrumentsandcarefully-erectedconceptualtools,hasbeeninawkwardcontradictiontoexplanationsofhowtheworldbeganandbehaves,orholylifeemerged,asreportedintheholybooksofhumanhistory.Asaresult,eversincetheCopernicanrevolution,therehavebeenconfrontationsbetweenscientifictheoriesandreligiousworldviews.In16,A.D.Whitepublishedhiseruditework,whichwasanembarrassinglycandidexposure,instanceafterinstance,ofthedoggedobstinacyofthereligiousestablishmentinupholdingancientdoctrinesinthefaceofmountingscientificevidencetothecontrary.Afterafullcentury,however,thesituationseemstohavechangeddrastically.Aplethoraofextrapolationsofsciencearecroppingupwhosegoalistoreestablishprescience.Manypopularbooks,TVspecials,magazinearticles,andconferencepapersarejoyouslydeclaringthattheancientswerenotasmuchinthedarkasBaconandcompanyhadimagined;that,ifanything,theyhad,throughintuitionandrevelation,prettymuchsummeduptheessenceoftwentieth-centuryphysicsandcosmology:fromthestrangephysicsofvacuumstothebigbang.Intheviewofquiteafewwriters(includingsomepracticingscientistsofrepute),physicshasshownthatHindumysticswererightinpicturingthecosmosastheDancingDivine;thatChinesephilosopherswereontargetwhentheyspokeofyinandyang,forthesereferredimplicitlytotheconservationofmatterandenergy;andthattheBookofGenesisformulatestheprincipleOfevolutioninmetaphoricalmeters.Ithasbeenclaimedthatrecedinggalaxiesprovideexperimentalconfirmationofwhatcabalistshadalreadyrecognizedinmedievaltimes,andinklingsoftheesotericformulationsofquantumphysics(theso-calledS-matrixtheory)havebeendetectedinBuddhistsutras.Whetherornotmainstreamprofessionalscientiststakenoteofit,whetherornottheyattachweighttosuchclaims,asignificantfactintheclosingdecadeofourcenturyisthatmysticismandold-timereligionarebackinfullvigorinpublicconsciousness,notjustasenrichingdimensionsofthehumanspirit,norevenascompetingmodesofknowingorperceiving,butasprofoundintuitivevisionsthathaveatlonglastbeen“scientificallyproven.”Agooddealofacademicdiscussionisdedicatedeithertoshowinghowlimitedandmisleadingtheintellectisortoprovingthatnonrationally-derivedinsightshavebeenconfirmedbythemostrecentscientifictheories.(11)ScientistsinthewesthavecherishedatraditionofkeepingtheirreligiousbeliefssincethetimeofKeplerandGalileo.(12)AccordingtoA.D.White,religiousauthoritiessimplyturnedadeafeartothegrowingamountofscientificevidencecontrarytotheirworldviews.(13)Thelastdecadeofthe20thcenturysawachangeofviewinthesciencefieldregardingancientwisdom:afterall,profoundintuitionsarevaluableastheysuccessfullypredictedcontemporaryscientificfindings.(14)Assciencewriterssuggest,hintsofthemodem“S-matrixtheory”ofquantumphysicscanbefoundinBuddhistteachings.(15)Thecomingbackofold-timereligionandmysticisminthearenaofscienceisnotsurprising,asinsightfulancientintuitionsandrecentscientifictheorieshavearrivedatsimilarworldviews.C.GapFillingChoosefromthelist[A]to[F]afterthepassagethebestsentencestofillinthegapsinthetext.Therearemoresentencesthangaps.BrevityThoseofuswhoaresmallinphysicalstatureareoftenreassuredbykindlyfriendswhosay:‘Thebestthingscomeinsmallpackages...Alittlepersonisabeautifulthing...It’sthesizeofthebrainthatcounts...’andsoon.Forthemanwhocravesthoseextrainchesinordertodominateanaudience,forthewomanwhoregularlyhastospeakinpublicwhilerestingherchinonthetable,thesethoughtsprovidelittleconsolation.Buttheydocontainagermoftruth.(16)______.Tallpeoplecannotstretchoutinthebathorextendtheirlegsinasleeperorcouchette.Theycanpeeroverthetopofthecrowdbutseldomslidethroughit.Aswithpeople,sowithletters.Therearetimeswhenalettermustbelongtoachieveitspurpose.Butgenerally,theshorterthewords,thesentencesandtheletter,themoreeffectivetheresultswillbe:Eventhelongestepistleshouldbebrokenupintobriefsections.Thereisnoexcuseforthesentencethatstretchesintoaparagraph,northeparagraphthatbecomesapage.(17)______.Thebore,thewindbag,thepersonwhomwewouldallgothelongestdistancetoavoid,isalsothewriterwhoselettersweleastliketoread.‘Oh,himagain,’yousay,recognizingtheprolixprose.‘I’llreaditlater...ifIhavetime.’Sothewriterjoinstherankofthegreatunread.Intheworldofjournalismtherearenewspapersthatpaybythewordorcolumninch.Thisputsapremiumonpadding.(18)______.‘Weonlywant500words’writestheeditor.‘Wepay&xperthousand.’‘Ishallbedelightedtowriteyourpiece!’thejournalistreplies.Butitwillbeharderformetocondensethematerialyouwantinto500wordsthantoproduceapieceof1,000.Isuggestthatitwouldbefairertopaytherateof&xforthe500-wordpiece.Itwilltakemelongertowriteandwillcostmoreincare.Withluck,theeditorwillagree—-asaprofessional,hewillknowthatlengthandvalueareseldomthesame.Qualitycounts.Brevitymatters.(19)______.Intheworldofpublicspeakingthereisatritesaying:‘Standup,speakupandthenshutup’.Butatleastthespokenworkistransitory.Unlessyouareonradioortelevision,oryouarcapoliticianwhoproducessomegloriousgaffe—or,ofcourse,youslandersomeone—yourwordswillprobablygounrecordedandunremembered.Commercialcorrespondence,though,havetheirwordspreservedinfiles,tobeusedinevidenceifnecessary.Sokeepthosewordsshort,accurateandtothepoint.Ifyoufindyourletteristoolong,takeoutyourequivalentofthesub-editor’sbluepencil.Peelawaytheextrawordswithwhichyourthoughtsareclothedandleavethemtostandontheirownnakedmerits.Ifyouareashamedofthemwhentheystandstripped,thenthinkagain.Redraft,rewrite,rethink...(20)______.AmagazineonceaskedmillionairePaulGettyforashortarticleexplaininghissuccess,Theeditorenclosedhischequefor&200.Themulti-millionairewrote:‘Somepeoplefindoil.Othersdon’t.’Bebrief,then.Orinthefamouswordsofanotheroilman,‘Ifyoudon’tstrikeoilsoon,stopboring!’A.Churchillwasonceaskedhowlongittookhimtoprepareaspeech.‘Ifit’satwo-hourspeech,’hereplied‘tenminutes.Ifit’saten-minutespeech,twohours.’B.ManyprofessionalwritersdotheirbesttoavoidthissortofyardstickC.Excessverbiagenotonlyoffends,boresandmuddlesthereader.ItalsofoolsthewriterD.Lengthisfineinitsway,butitmaybeanuisanceE.WhenGeneralEisenhowerappointedArthurBurnsasChairmanofhisEconomicAdvisors,BumssuggestedsendingthePresidentamemooutliningplanstoorganizetheflowofeconomicadvice.Ikesaid,‘Keepitshort.Ican’tread.’Bumsreplied,‘That’sfine,Mr.President.Ican’twrite!’Sotheyhadaone-hourweeklyconferenceinsteadF.Brevityisthesoulofagoodletter.Short,snappy,concise,clearandpungentparagraphs.Thoughtsneatlypackedintowordswithpunch.Neat,livelyexpressions,shornofpaddingandpomposity.ThesearethekeystosuccessfulcorrespondencePartIIITRANSLATION(40points)A.PleasereadthefollowingpassageandtranslateitintoChinese.Shakespearestartsbyassumingthattomakeyourselfpowerlessistoinviteanattack.Thisdoesnotmeanthateveryonewillturnagainstyou,butinallprobabilitysomeonewill.Ifyouthrowawayyourweapons,somelessscrupulouspersonwillpickthemup.Ifyouturntheothercheek,youwillgetaharderblowonitthanyougotonthefirstone.Thisdoesnotalwayshappen,butitistobeexpected,andyououghtnottocomplainifitdoeshappen.Thesecondblowis,sotospeak,partoftheactofturningtheothercheek.Firstofall,therefore,thereisthevulgar,common-sensemoral:“Don’trelinquishpower;don’tgiveawayyourlands.”Butthereisalsoanothermoral.Shakespeareneveruttersitinsomanywords,anditdoesnotverymuchmatterwhetherhewasfullyawareofit:“Giveawayyourlandsifyouwantto,butdon’texpecttogainhappinessbydoingso.Probablyyouwon’tgainhappiness.Ifyouliveforothers,youmustliveforother,andnotasaroundaboutwayofgettingadvantageforyourself.”B.PleasereadthefollowingpassageandtranslateitintoEnglish.我是欧洲人，这一点我从未怀疑过。我的父母两方面都有欧洲祖先，年代久远，但至今联系牢固。生在苏格兰的人如我自己和我父亲从来都意识到苏格兰和欧洲是结合在一起的。现在欧洲人身份已经不仅仅是一种努力目标，也不是拿破仑当年的梦想，而是一个事实。不列颠失去了帝国，只是欧洲海岸外的若干岛屿而已。至于欧洲的将来，我个人的希望是：英国将继续把它最好的东西献给欧洲，即它的语言。英语是了不起的语言，是极好的材料，既可用来完成实际任务，又可用来表达各色各样的观念。没有另一种语言像它。它已经代替了法语而成为国际标准语。希望能兴旺下去。参及解析PartIGRAMMAR(30Points)A.CorrectErrors1.to→with（这里主要考查两个易混词组的用法，compareto是将某事比作另一件事，而comparewith是将二者进行比较，很明显这里是将2011年人口统计的结果与2006年的结果进行一个比较，所以应采用comparewith这个词组。）2.those∧are→who(此句要注意句子的结构，句子的主干是Those……number5.8m,句子的真正谓语是number，those后面的分句是作为定语从句，进一步限定和修饰those的，很明显这个定语从句缺少一个关系代词，由于先行词是thosepeople是人，所以关系代词应用who。)3.of→at(这里是固定搭配，一般“看什么”是用lookat或者havealookat,因此这里应是acloserlookat。)4.rather∧the→than(这里也是一个固定搭配，theotherwayround,是指“相反地，以相反的方式，颠倒过来”ratherthan表示“而不是”，这句话的意思是说出现这种现象主要是因为魁北克人在学习英语，而不是其他人在学习法语。)5.was→were(这里考查主谓一致，前面的主语thelanguagerevelations是复数形式，相应的谓语动词也应该用复数形式。)6.eventually→eventual（这里的eventual是用来修饰名词separation的，因此应该用形容词形式，而不是副词形式，副词一般是用来修饰谓语动词的。这句话是说魁北克支持该省最终从加拿大分离出去。）7.with→from(这里考查词组搭配，separate…..from表示“从…..分离出去”，一般，没有separatewith这样的搭配。)8.expecting→expected(这里expectingthisweek是legislation的后置定语，用来进一步限定legislation，分析该分句的动宾结构可知，thelegislationisexpected,这里作为定语从句省略了whichis，所以应改为expected。)9.thebill∧proposes→that(这里是一个同位语从句，proposestoeliminateloopholesintheexistinglawusedbyparentstosendtheirchildrentoEnglish-languageschools是thebill的同位语从句，进一步限定和修饰thebill,该句的真正谓语动词是后面的wouldbar和wouldextend。因此这里缺少一个引导词或关系词。)10.would→should（这里主要考查虚拟语气的用法，宾语从句中先行词是requirement，从句中的动词应该用should加动词原形，或者直接用动词原形。）PartIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(80points)A.MultipleChoice1.B这篇文章主要讲的是德国不同机构和人民对于该国黄金储备方式的看法。这是一道细节题，由文章第三段我们可以知道，对于储备在德国国内银行的黄金，每年会有抽查，而对于储藏在国外银行的黄金，theGermancentralbankreliesontheassurancesofitsforeigncounterpartsthatthegoldiswhereitshouldbe.)2.C这道题有一定的迷惑性，看上去A和C都正确，但我们要注意提问的方式，A项中保护黄金不受苏联的侵害是德国最初将黄金运往其他国家的原因，但随着苏联的解体，一部分黄金被运回了德国，还有一部分仍然留在国外。德国现在仍然将部分黄金留在国外是因为这样在特殊情况下，德国就可以迅速的将这部分黄金卖掉。注意题目提问用的是一般现在时，是问的现在黄金仍然留在国外的原因，而不是最初运往国外的原因。3.C细节推理题，信息主要集中在第7段。由GauweilerdoubtsthattheBundesbankwouldhaveimmediateaccesstoallitsgoldifnecessary,suggestingthatpartofthegoldmayhaveevenbeenlentout，可以看出，他认为这些黄金可能已经被借出去了，因此应该是这些黄金被用作了其他的用途。4.D选择判断题，信息主要集中在最后一段，由文中信息我们可以看出，B、D两项都是其影响，但最大的影响应是mightunsettlethenervousfinancialmarkets,whocouldseeitasasignofanimpendingcollapseoftheeuro。5.B考查文章主旨的题目，文章前几段讲了德国黄金储备的方式，检查的方式，以及将黄金储备在国外的原因，后半部分则不要讲了德国国内不同的机构和人民对于将黄金储藏在国外的担忧和质疑，因此B项是最符合的。6.C其实这里作者是借用了MalcolmGladwell的一本非常著名的作品TheTippingPoint《临界点》中的一些概念，包括最后一段中的theStickinessFactor都是这本书中的一些基本概念。当然没读过这本书也没什么关系，我们根据上下文也能猜到作者为什么用这样的词，或者用排除法也可以选出正确的答案。7.D这是对教育临界点这一词的理解，如果有看过MalcolmGladwell的《临界点》这本书的话，这里理解就要相对容易了。由下文的giving,spreading,infecting,lingering等词我们可以看出，并不是要达到一个识多少字的水平，或者智力水平达到了多少，而是过了这个点之后，我们能看到非常大的变化，它能够产生非常大的影响，这就是临界点。8.D推理题，原文中没有直接的答案，可以用排除法来做。首先Eliminatepovertyandilliteracy是不可能的，因为这个项目主要是针对几岁的小孩子。然后Changethelifeofunderprivilegedchildren有点夸大其功能，也不对，最后Givepoorchildrenanequalstart也不太现实，不可能说因为有了这个节目，穷人的孩子和富人的孩子就真正机会均等了，只是这个项目能给穷人的孩子提供一个机会。9.B细节题，信息主要集中在第二段。由Goodteachingisinteractive.Itengagesthechildindividually.Itusesallthesenses.Itrespondstothechild.Butatelevisionisjustatalkingbox，可以看出，GeraldLesser对它持怀疑态度的主要原因是thetelevisionwasnotinteractiveorengaging。10.D细节题，信息主要集中在倒数第二段。由Theyborrowedtechniquesfromtelevisioncommercialstoteachchildrenaboutnumbers，TheyusedtheliveanimationofSaturdaymorningcartoonstoteachlessonsaboutlearningthealphabet，Theybroughtincelebritiestosinganddanceandstarincomedysketchesthattaughtchildrenaboutthevirtuesofcooperation可以看出A、B、C三项都是正确的。B.TrueorFalse11.T该题的信息主要集中在第二段。RightfromthedaysofKeplerandGalileo,scientistshavegenerallyhadareligioussidetothem，以及后面所举的例子可以得出这样的结论。12.T该题的信息主要集中在第三段。由whichwasanembarrassinglycandidexposure,instanceafterinstance,ofthedoggedobstinacyofthereligiousestablishmentinupholdingancientdoctrinesinthefaceofmountingscientificevidencetothecontrary可以看出该推论是正确的。13.T该题的信息主要集中在第四段。从theyhad,throughintuitionandrevelation,prettymuchsummeduptheessenceoftwentieth-centuryphysicsandcosmology可以看出，过去的推断部分反映了当今人们研究的物理现象，因此也具有一定价值)14.T该题的信息主要集中在第五段的末尾，由andinklingsoftheesotericformulationsofquantumphysics(theso-calledS-matrixtheory)havebeendetectedinBuddhistsutras可以看出该说法是正确的。15.T该题需要从最后一段寻找相关信息，Agooddealofacademicdiscussionisdedicatedtoprovingthatnonrationally-derivedinsightshavebeenconfirmedbythemostrecentscientifictheories可以看出，很多过去的观点都在当今被科学证实，所以可以说他们havearrivedatsimilarworldviews。C.GapFilling16.D这篇文章的主要思想就是我们在写文章或者讲话时要尽量简洁明了，该题是本文的第一个空，在此空之前作者只是拿身高做了一些类比，还未具体谈到写作和演讲，因此那些涉及具体写作或演讲的选项都不能选，这样只有D项合适。17.C该题前面提到了书信越简单越能突出其效果，后一段又说到了那些冗长繁杂的书我们不愿去读，因此写这样书的作者joinstherankofthegreatunread，因此这里需要一个承上启下的句子来告诉我们为什么不愿去读冗长繁杂的书。而C项刚好符合这点。18.B该题前一句讲到了在报刊业有根据字数或者栏英寸来支付稿费准，这就助长了一些记者的填充文章之风。接下来很自然地就过渡到好的作家要尽量避免这种风气。19.F这题的前面讲到了书信和报刊写作中要注意简洁，而这一题的后面又谈及到演讲的简洁问题，很明显这里需要对前面书信和报刊写作进行一个简单地总结，然后再谈演讲的简洁问题。而F项就是这样一个简单的小结。20.E此题是该文中的最后一空，该段主要讲的是如果发现我们的文字过于冗长应该怎么办，该空之前作者已经提出了相应的对策，那一般的思路接下来要么是继续提出相应的对策，要么就是举例具体说明，很显然后面的选项中没有提供建议和对策的，而在2个事例的选项中，丘吉尔那个是关于演讲的，而作者这里主要指的是写信和写作，因此应该选E。PartIIITRANSLATION(40points)A.PleasereadthefollowingpassageandtranslateitintoChinese.莎士比亚开始就假设把自己搞得无权无势就是招惹攻击。这倒不是说每个人都会背叛你，但是非常可能有人会。如果你扔掉你的武器，某些不太谨慎的人就会捡起来。如果别人打了左脸，你再他打右脸，那第二次会比第一次打的更厉害。情况不是总是这样，但预期是这么回事，真的发生了，你就不应该抱怨。可以说，第二次的打击是让出另一边脸的动作的一部分。因此，首先有傻子得出的通俗、平常的教训：“不要放弃权力，不要把土地赠人”，但是也还有另一个寓意。莎士比亚从来没用那么多的话说出那个意思，他自己是不是充分意识到也不是很重要。那就是：“你要想那么做的话，就把你的土地赠人，但是不要指望那么做会赢来幸福。如果你为别人而活，你就必须为了别人而活，而不是把为别人而活当作是自己得益的曲线路径.”B.PleasereadthefollowingpassageandtranslateitintoEnglish.IneverhavetheslightestdoubtthatI’maEuropean.BothmyparentshadtheEuropeanancestorswhichremaincloselyrelatedtousevenafteralongtime.ThosewhoareborninScotland,likemeandmyfather,nevercometotheideathatScotlandisintegratedintotheEurope.Nowadays,theidentityofbeingaEuropeanisneitheragoalworthtrying,northedreamofNapoleoninhistime,it’sjustafact.TheGreatBritainlostitsempireandbecamejustnumerousislandsofftheEuropeancoastline.AsforthefutureoftheEurope,IpersonallywishthattheUnitedKingdomcontinuetoofferitsbestgift—itslanguagetotheEurope.Englishisamarvelouslanguageandabrilliantmediathoughwhichnotonlywecanfulfillallkindsofpracticaltasks,butalsowecanexpressvariousfeelingsandopinions.NootherlanguagesintheworldparallelEnglish.IthasreplacedtheFrenchtobetheinternationalstandardlanguage.ForthispointIhopeitwillremainitsprosperity.
