Reading—Language points
drop off 中途下客或卸货；下降；打瞌睡
(教材P49)They pick up and drop off people at different stops on the route. 它们在沿途不同的站点上下客。
drop in(on sb./at sp.) drop out drop away drop by drop behind
顺便拜访某人/走访某地 退学，辍学；退出，脱离 离开；散去 顺便来访 落在后面
①I just dropped by to see how you were getting on. 我只是顺道来看看你过得怎样。
②More than half of visitors drop in at the page because they've heard about it from friends.
超过一半的访问者都浏览了该网页，因为他们从朋友那里听说过。 convey vt. 运送，输送；表达
(教材P50)Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.
用马拉的公共汽车、有轮电车、出租车和四轮马车被用来送人们到市中心和周围地区。
convey sb./sth.from A to B convey sth.to sb.
convey one's feelings/ideas
把某人或某物从A地送到B地 向某人表达„„ 表达感情/想法
①After the traffic accident，her mother can't convey her meanings clearly. 交通事故后，她妈妈就不能清楚地表达自己的意思了。
②I find it hard to convey my feelings in words but I still want to express my thanks.
我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情，但我仍然想表达我的感激之情。 ③Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi. 你的行李将由出租车送到酒店。 [明辨异同] convey/transport convey transport 表示“运送，表达”，指通过媒介传递、输送，也常用来表示传达信息、情感等。 主要限指人或有形物体的运输，常指交通运输。 (convey，transport) ④Please ________ my apologies to your wife. ⑤Most of our luggage was ________ by sea.
⑥Air is the medium by which sound waves are ________ .
【导学号：25000021】
【答案】 ④convey ⑤transported ⑥conveyed [图形助记]
巧记convey
运输 表达感情
unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地
(教材P50)Unfortunately, the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel
anywhere.不幸的是，路上车辆的数量造成了难以置信的交通堵塞，道路交通变得如此拥挤以至于任何地方都无人能够通行。
(1)unfortunate adj. be unfortunate to do sth. It is unfortunate that... (2)fortunate adj. (3)fortunately adv. (4)fortune n.
不幸的，令人遗憾的 做某事很倒霉
不幸的是„„；可惜的是„„ 幸运的 幸运地 运气；大笔的钱
①He was unfortunate to lose in the final round. 他不幸在最后一轮输了。
②Unfortunately(fortunate)，she missed the last train. 真可惜，她错过了最后一班列车。
lead to 导致；引起；通向
(教材P50)This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.
这一交通问题导致了地铁系统的研发。
lead sb.to... lead sb.to do sth.
带领某人去/到„„ 使某人做某事
①A nurse took her arm and led her to a chair. 有位护士搀扶她坐到椅子上。
②This has led scientists to_speculate(speculate) on the existence of other galaxies.
这就使得科学家推测还有其他星系存在。 [名师点津]
lead to 作“导致；引起”讲时，表示因果关系，与result in/ cause/ bring about/ contribute to意义相近，其中to为介词，后面接动词时要用动名词形式。
postpone vt.延迟，延期
(教材P50)However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging was postponed until 1860.
然而，新火车需要研发，该计划需要筹集大笔资金，因此挖掘工作一直延迟到1860年。
postpone sth.(to/until ...) postpone doing sth.
推迟某事(到„„) 推迟做某事
①The match had to be postponed until next week. 比赛不得不推迟到下周举行。
②It was an unpopular decision to postpone building(build) the new hospital. 延迟修建新医院的决定是不得人心的。 [名师点津]
表示“推迟，延迟”的postpone，delay，put off后都跟名词、动名词作宾语，不接不定式。
[明辨异同] postpone/delay/put off postpone delay put off 主语通常是人，表示“有意识地延迟至将来某一特定的时间” 常指因客观原因而不得不延迟，延迟的时间不确定 较口语化，强调拖延时间 (postpone，delay，put off) The typhoon ③________ our travel to Hainan Island, that is to say, we had to ④________ the travel.After discussion, we decided to ⑤________ it to the next summer holiday.
【答案】 ③delayed ④put off ⑤postpone link up联合，连接
(教材P50)Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.
十六年后的1884年，大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合，为城市中部地区提供地铁服务。
(1)link up with link...with/to... (2)link n.
vt. vi.
与„„联合，(使)与„„连接 将„„和„„联系或连接起来 链环，连接物，链接 连接，联合 连接起来
①The links between water and human health are powerful. 水和人体健康之间有着很大的联系。
②People often link Chinese Valentine's Day with Niulang and Zhinv. 人们常把七夕节与牛郎织女联系起来。
③Some birth defects are linked to smoking during pregnancy. 有些先天性缺陷与孕期吸烟有关。
(教材P50)Because of the smoke from the steam engines, early
underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals,_so that people could get fresh air and would not choke. 由于蒸汽机发出浓烟，早期的地铁线需要每隔一段距离挖一些通向地面的大洞，这样人们就能呼吸新鲜空气而不会窒息。
(1)interval n．间隔，间隙
at(...)intervals at regular intervals
每隔„„距离或时间；有时；间隔 每隔一定时间
①The trains run at half-hourly intervals. 火车每半小时发出一班。
②Buses to the city leave at regular intervals. 开往城里的公共汽车每隔一定时间发出一班。
(2)choke vi.&vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞 n．哽咽声，呛住的声音
choke on sth. choke to death choke back choke off choke up choke with
choke sth.up with sth.
被„„噎住 窒息死亡 抑制，强忍住 阻止，制止；限制 因感情激动而哽咽 阻塞；堵塞 塞满；堵塞
③Six people choked to death on the fumes. 六人被烟呛死了。
④She choked up when she began to talk about her mother. 她开始谈起她母亲时，便哽咽的说不出话来。
⑤I wonder why he always tries to choke me off from going to see him. 我想知道为什么他总是不让我去看他。
function as 起„„作用，作„„用(＝ serve as)
(教材P51)When London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters.
当伦敦被炸弹炸了之后，许多地铁站被用作避难所。
(1)function vi.
n.
function key function word (2)functional adj. functional food
起作用；正常工作；运转 (事物的)功能；作用；(人的)职责 功能键 功能词
功能的；实用的；起作用的 功能性食品
①Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally. 尽管供电中断，医院继续照常运作。 ②The office was large and ________(function)． 这间办公室既大又有多种用途。
③In your new job you will perform a variety of ________(function)． 在你的新工作中你将会去行使很多职责。 【答案】 ②functional ③functions
enlarge vt.& vi.扩大，扩展，增大；放大(照片)
(教材P51)After World War Ⅱ ended in 1945, more people travelled on the underground, so the system was enlarged and more lines were added, including the Victoria Line, which was linked with other lines at almost every station.
1945年第二次世界大战结束之后，更多的人乘坐地铁；因此地铁系统扩大，增加了更多的线路，其中包括维多利亚线，它几乎在每一个地铁站都与其他线路连接。
enlarge the photograph/picture 放大照片 enlarge one's vocabulary enlarge one's horizon enlarge on/upon
扩大词汇量 扩大视野 详述
①Reading will enlarge your vocabulary. 阅读能扩大词汇量。
②He refused to enlarge on his reasons for leaving his job. 他拒绝详细说明他辞职的原因。
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．He finished the work with an ________ speed，so I wonder how he can make people ________ his ability.(believe) 【导学号：25000022】
2．A ________ encounter brought us together.________，he was killed in an accident.(fortune)
3．Thanks to ________，we can learn a great deal about ________.(architect) 4．Last year，China's foreign trade ________ by 12.1%，and the annual export ________ rate reached as high as 20.9%.(grow)
5．The ________ of ________ grammar is to analyses how language is used to communicate.(function)
【答案】 1.unbelievable；believe 2.fortunate；Unfortunately 3.architects；architecture 4.grew；growth 5.function；functional
Ⅱ.选词填空
beneath the surface of，under the authority of，lead to，accelerate the pace of，function as
1．Too much work and too little rest often ________ illness.
2．They put on special suit and then dived into the sea to explore the wonderful world ________ the water.
3．With more advanced technologies，they ________ their construction. 4．The attack took place ________ the UN Security Council.
5．Do you know that the London Underground ever ________ bomb shelters during the Second World War?
【答案】 1.leads to 2.beneath the surface of 3.accelerated the pace of 4.under the authority of 5.functioned as
(教材P51)So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
【句式分析】 “Why not＋动词原形？”表示向对方提出建议，意为“为什么不/何不„„呢？”。
(1)Why not do...？＝Why don't you do...？表示提出建议或劝告。 (2)表示建议、劝告的句型还有： What/How about...？ I suggest that sb.(should) do sth. 我建议某人做某事。
You'd better (not) do ... 你最好(不)做„„
(3)Why not？有两层含义：一则表示对对方的说法进行反问“为什么不„„呢”；二则表示乐意接受对方的邀请，意为“当然；好啊”。
①Why don't you go to see the film? 你为什么不去看那部电影呢？ ②—Let's go for a walk. ——咱们去散步吧。 —Why not? ——好啊。 [名师点津]
Why do ...？常用来表示责问，意为“为什么做„„？”。
„„怎么样？
(教材P52)What_was the London Underground like in 1863? 1863年伦敦的地铁状况怎么样？
【句式分析】 What is/was sth./sb.like? 意为“某物/某人是什么样子？”可以用来询问天气情况、人的外貌或品质、事物的性质、质量、特征等，有时候要求对事物做详细的描述。
(1)What is sb.like? 可以用来询问一个人的外貌特征、个性、品质； (2)What does sb.look like? 只能询问一个人的外貌；
(3)How do you like/find＋宾语？ ＝What do you think of＋宾语？ 意为“你觉得„„怎么样？”。
①—What is your girlfriend like? ——你女朋友长得怎么样？ —She is tall and pretty. ——她很高、很漂亮。
②—What does the baby look like? ——那个婴儿长得怎么样？ —He looks like his father. ——他长得像他爸。
③What do you think of this film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样？
翻译句子
1．为什么不马上做呢？
________________________________________________________________ 2．明天天气怎样？
________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.Why not do it right now？/ Why don't you do it right now？
2.What will be the weather like tomorrow?
After World War Ⅱ ended in 1945，more people travelled on the
underground，so the system was enlarged and more lines were added，including the Victoria Line，which was linked with other lines at almost every station.
【分析】 这是一个并列复合句，由并列连词so连接。在第一个复合句中，“After World War Ⅱ ended in 1945”为时间状语从句；在第二个复合句中“which was linked...”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Victoria Line。
【翻译】 ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1945年第二次世界大战结束之后，更多的人乘坐地铁；因此地铁系统扩大，增加了更多的线路，其中包括维多利亚线，它几乎在每一个地铁站都与其他线路连接。
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