宾语从句状语从句定语从句专练

（一）宾语从句

1、宾语从句的概念

假如宾语局部是由一个句子充当，则被称为宾语从句。我们以前学过的间接引语实质上就是宾语从句。

2、宾语从句的三要素——引导词、语序、时态

(1)引导词：宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词用that；宾语从句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether；宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，直接用特殊疑问词做引导词，后面变为陈述词序，如who, what, why, where, whose等。

（2）语序：不管什么类型的宾语从句，总是用陈述句语序。即：从句的引导词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序。当引导词作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。

（3）时态：主句和从句的时态必须保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择各种时态，即主现从任意，假如主句是一般过去时，从句只能用过去的某种时态即主过从过去。

可简单总结为：宾语从句三件事，时态语序引导词； 主从时态要一致，陈述语序才适宜； 一般问句做从句，引导词if别忘记； 特殊问句做宾从，特殊问词莫漏掉。 [提醒]

A. 准确使用引导词

1) 当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时，引导词为that (that在口语或非正式文体中能够省略)。

以下动词后面常跟that 引导的宾语从句：say, think, hope, hear, feel, decide, agree, mean, remember, wish等

“be+形容词”结构后也常接that引导的宾语从句，如be加afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sure, surprised, thankful, worried等。

2) 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，引导词由原来的疑问代词或疑问副词充当。 3) 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转变而来时，引导词为whether或if。 以下动词或词组后面常接whether或if引导的宾语从句：ask, know, find out, tell, wonder, understand，question, doubt等。

B. 准确使用时态

1) 主句为过去时态，从句也要相对应地选用过去的某种时态。

2) 主句为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句时态的影响，能够根据需要任意选择一种时态。

3) 当宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句及谚语等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律使用原时态(通常是一般现在时)。

C. 准确使用语序

在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管宾语从句由哪种句式转变而来，从句都必须采用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+(其他)”的结构。

句中where he lives不能改为where does he live。 D. 准确使用标点

宾语从句句末的标点符号应根据主句来确定。 E. 人称的呼应

在宾语从句中，从句的人称有时需根据主句的需要而作相对应的变化。 F. 否认的转移

当主句的谓语为think, believe 等, 且主句主语为第一人称时，宾语从句中的否认词not 应移到主句的谓语动词上来。 考题链接：

( ) 1. I didn’t understand ______, so I raised my hand to ask.

A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say ( ) 2. — Did Mr. White tell you ______? — Yes. He said he went there in 2003.

A. when he travelled to B. how he goes to Wuhan C. where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming ( ) 3. — Could you please tell me ______? — Bus No.32 will take you right there.

A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like

C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum ( ) 4. — Do you know ______ now? — In the People’s Hotel.

A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked ( ) 5. — Excuse me, could you tell me ______?

— There’s a bank on the second floor. You can make it there.

A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank C. if there’s a bank near here D. where the bank is

( ) 6. Our physics teacher told us light ______faster than sound last term. A. travels B. travel C. travelled D. traveling

（二）状语从句

在复合句中作状语成分的从句称为状语从句。常见状语从句可分为：时间、原因、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的状语从句等。 1、时间和条件状语从句

由before, after, when, while, since, until, as, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，若主句出现以下四种情况之一时，则从句用一般现在时。

（1）当主句谓语是一般将来时时。如： I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. He will come here on time unless it rains. （2）当主句是祈使句时。如：

Let him call me as soon as he comes back. Please stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

（3）当主句的谓语含有can, may, must等情态动词时。如： She can’t help you until you tell her the truth. You must stop when the traffic lights are red.

（4）当主句的谓语是hope, wish, want等动词时。如： I want to go there if the rain stops.

友情提示： 1. since引导的时间状语从句如用一般过去时，则主句常用现在完成时。 2. when引导的时间状语从句如用一般过去时，则主句常用过去实行时或过去完成时。 3. “祈使句 + or + 陈述句”这个并列句常可与if或unless引导的条件状语从句实行同义句转换。

考题链接：

(1)If you late tomorrow morning, you won’t catch the early bus. A. get up B. don’t get up C. will get up

(2) I didn’t know he came back I met him in the street. A. since B. when C. until D. after

(3) Hurry up! Or you will miss the train. (改为同义句)

you hurry up, you will miss the train. 2、原因状语从句

原因状语从句能够由as, because, since等引导。在引导原因状语从句时，because语气最强，其次是as和since。由why提出的问句要用because来回答。

友情提示：because与so不能在同一个复合句中使用。

考题链接

(1)I keep an English diary it helps me improve my writing skill. A. how B. when C. because D. if

(2) his leg was hurt, he walked slowly. A. Because; so B. Because; / C. Although; but D. Although; /

(3) I collect toys because they are beautiful. (对画线局部提问) you collect toys? 3、让步状语从句

让步状语从句一般由though / although, even if / though 等连词来引导。 提示：though / although与but不能在一个复合句中同时使用。 考题链接

( )1. I will never forget that terrible accident it happened so long ago. A. only if B. even though C. only when D. ever since

( )2. it is dark now, the workers go on working there. A. Though B. Because C. As 4、比较状语从句

比较状语从句一般由as和than引导。 考题链接

( )1. Our village has changed a lot, and it becomes before. A. so beautiful as B. as beautifully as C. more beautiful than D. much more beautiful

( )2. Don’t just believe the advertisement. That kind of camera is it says.

A. as good as B. not as good as C. as well as D. not as well as 5、结果和目的状语从句

so / such ... that（如此……以致于）引导结果状语从句；so that（以便于，为了）引导结果或目的状语从句。

考题链接

( ) 1. This exercise is difficult . A. so; that few of us can do B. so; that few of us can do it

C. too; for anyone of us to do D. too; for anyone of us to do it ( ) 2. This math problem is so easy that I can work it out. (改为简单句)

This math problem is to work out. 提示：

1. 复合连词so that 既可引导结果状语从句，又可引导目的状语从句。如： The room was filled with people, so that we couldn’t get in. (结果状语从句)

2. so that 引导目的状语从句，若主从句的主语一致时，则常改为简单句so as to do sth. 或in order to do sth. 。如：

He worked hard so that he could make more money.

→ He worked hard so as to / in order to make more money.

考题链接

( )You must check your paper carefully there is no mistake in it.

A. so that B. such that C. in order to D. so as to

（三）定语从句

在复合句中起限定作用、修饰句中名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词或被限定词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。定语从句通常位于先行词的后面。

1、常见的由关系代词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as等。 (1) who一般指代人，在定语从句中作主语。如： This is the doctor who saved the boy. (2) whom指人（口语中常用who代替），在定语从句中作宾语。如： The man whom I talked with yesterday is my uncle.

(3) whose通常指代人，也可指代物，在定语从句中作定语。如： This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.

(4) which指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。如： The fish (which) we bought is not fresh.

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. (5) that 指代事物，也可指代人， 在定语从句中作主语或宾语。有时能够与which, who(m)替换使用。作宾语时，常可省略。如：

There is a film (that) I’d like to see.

She is the only one among us that knows French.

考题链接

( )1. —What kind of music do you like?

—I like the music I can dance to. A. who B. whom C. what D. that

( )2. The girl won the match not so long ago is called Guo Yue, a famous Chinese table tennis player.

A. who B. which C. what D. whom

( )3. —Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the report?

—Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 2、定语从句能用that而不用which引导的情况

（1）先行词为all, much, something, everything, nothing, little, none, the one等不定代词时。如：

That is all that I want to say.

（2）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This is the most wonderful film that I have seen．

（3）先行词为数词或被序数词 (含last) 修饰时。如： Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. （4）当先行词被the only, the very, the just等修饰时。如： Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. （5）先行词中既有人又有物时。如：

We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited． 考题链接

( )1. This is I wanted. A. the one what B. which C. one which D. the one ( )2. This is the best film I have ever seen. A. who B. whose C. that D. which 3、定语从句不能用that引导的情况 （1）关系代词前有介词时。如：

This is the room in which Chairman Mao lived.

（2）在非限定性定语从句 (起补充说明作用，并且常用逗号与主句分开)中。如： He has a son，who teaches in a middle school. （3）先行词本身是that时。如： The clock is that which tells the time. 考题链接

( ) Great changes have taken place in the city in they live. A. that B. when C. where D. which 4、由关系副词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why等，现将其基本用法小结如下：

（1）when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词time, day, hour, year 等。如： October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. （2）where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词place, room, city, house, street等。如：

This is the place where he’s worked for years. Is this the room where he lived?

（3）why表示原因，其先行词往往是表示原因的名词reason或cause。如： I don’t know the reason why Laura was late. The reason why he said that is quite clear.

提示：引导定语从句的关系副词能够用“介词 + which”来代替。如： August 1, 1927 was the day on which (= when) the PLA was founded. This is the room in which (=where) Lu Xun once lived.

Everyone wants to know the cause / reason for which (= why) she left in such a hurry.

考题链接

( )I hope to visit Hawaii some day. It is a place the weather is always warm. A. that B. when C. where D. which

【模拟试题】（答题时间：15分钟） 1. Peter _______ he wants to be a teacher.

A. say B. said C. will say D. says 2. He tells me Uncle Li _______ his radio now.

A. mending B. is mending C. mended D. mend 3. Please tell me __________ Susan has a brother. A. whether B. weather C. what D. whom 4. He knows John _______ help him with his math. A. is going B. wants C. want to D. may 5. Please tell me __________ you hate smoking. A. which B. why C. where D. when

6. Could you please tell me how __________ get to the reading room? A. I can B. can I C. can D. could I 7. Maria __________ the little boy how old he was. A. asks B. asked C. ask D. asking 8. Rose can’t forget __________.

A. what did her teacher say B. what does her teacher say C. her teacher said D. what her teacher said 9. __________ why he changed his mind.

A. Do you know B. Can you tell me C. Could you answer my questions D. I don’t know 10. Could you tell me how many birds __________ in the cage?

A. are there B. there was C. there are D. were there 11. Can you tell me __________? A. if it rain tomorrow B. if will it rain tomorrow C. whether it will rain tomorrow D. whether will it rain

12. Betty __________ not sure whether she will get on well with Ruth. A. be B. is C. was D. will be

13. Jack __________ to know if his friend __________ his birthday present.

A. want, liked B. wanted, likes C. wanted, liked D. wanted, will like 14. We were getting ready to go out ______ it began to rain.

A. where B. when C. since D. if 15. We love spring ______ there’re beautiful flowers everywhere.

A. but B. if C. though D. because 16. The work was _______ difficult _______ it took us quite a long time to do it. A. such, that B. so, that C. too, that D. too, to 17. I’ll tell him to give you a call ______ he comes back.

A. because B. since C. as soon as D. but 18. --- Why did Li Lei use a pencil? --- _______ his pen was broken.

A. Because B. When C. Until D. If 19. I think Chinese is more popular ______ any other subject.

A. than B. for C. as D. then 20. What do I have to do ______ I want to be thinner?

A. if B. because C. since D. for 21. I won’t turn off the light ______ you’ve finished reading.

A. when B. after C. as soon as D. until 22. I’ll study English and other objects _______ I can.

A. so hard as B. as hard as C. so hardly as D. as hardly as 23. Though it rained heavily, _______ were still playing on the playground.

A. they B. so they C. but they D. and they 24. You should finish your exercises ______ you go to bed.

A. after B. before C. because D. if 25. --- Are we going to West Hill Farm by bike? --- No. By bus, _______ it is quite far from here.

A. if B. when C. though D. because 26. Mr. Read has taught in that small town ______ he left Canada in 1988. A. when B. after C. for D. since

27. I’m ______ busy getting ready for Christmas _______ I have no time to write to you. A. not, until B. too, to C. so, that D. neither, nor

28. If you ______ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _______ to work on the farm with us. A. see, goes B. will see, goes C. will see, will go D. see, will go 29. Don’t talk about such things of______ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 30. Is this the factory ______ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

31. Finally, the thief handed everything ____he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that

32. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor.

A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 33. All ______is needed is money.

A. the thing B. that C. what D. which

34. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that

35. The magazine ______ Betty paid one dollar was very good. A. that B. which C. for which D. to which

【试题答案】

1~5 DBADB 21~25 DBABD

6~10 ABDDC 26~30 DCDAA

11~15 CBCBD 31~35 DDBBC

16~20BCAAA