英语翻译硕士2021天津外大专硕《翻译硕士英语》考研真题

考研真题

一. Reading comprehension (40′)

Directions: Below each of the following 4 passages you will, find questions or incomplete statements about the passage. Each statement or question is followed by lettered words or expressions. Select the word or expression that most satisfactorily completes or answers each question in accordance with the meaning of the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40″)

(1)

This enthusiasm surprised me, since there is virtually nothing about the the Olympics that is culturally relevant to China. Apart from judo and Tae Kwon Do, whose links to China are indirect, there are no traditional Chinese athletics in the Games. In ancient times, the Chinese nobility played cuju, a game that is remotely similar to soccer, and chuiwan, which resembles golf. The Forbidden City Museum has a painting of a Tang-dynasty emperor, Minghuang, involved in a polo-like game with the palace maidens. But the heart of the ancient Chinese athletic tradition, and the part of it that was more accessible to common people, consists of wushu, or traditional martial arts, and qigong, meditative breathing exercises. These activities are as much spiritual and aesthetic

as they are physical; their goal is artistic expression and

self-improvement, rather than winning. The ancient Chinese didn’t build stadiums, because their athletics were not designed to draw paying crowds. The Chinese language didn’t even have a term for “sports” until the nineteenth century, when foreigners introduced a more systematic approach to athletics.

Chinese historians draw the line between ancient and modern sports at 1840. That summer, the first full-sized British fleet arrived off Canton, accelerating the Opium War and kicking off China’s most painful historical era. The missionaries and other outsiders who arrived in the late nineteenth century introduced Western ideas of competition to Chinese athletics. In the early twentieth century, China began to take an interest in the Olympic movement, and a single Chinese sprinter competed in the 1932 Games. Four years later, at the Berlin Olympics, China sponsored a delegation of sixty-nine athletes, among them a mixed-gender wushu exhibition team that performed before Hitler. By then, the Chinese were committed to the Olympics, and they had come to see sports as a way in which the country could avenge the injustices of the past century. “There was a feeling of being the underdog and wanting to prove to the world that the Chinese were strong,” James Riordan, of the University of Surrey, who has studied sports in the former Soviet Union and China, told me when I called him.

1．When the author writes “Apart from judo and Tae Kwon Do, whose links to China are indirect...”he means A. Judo originated in Korea B. Tae Kwon De originated in Japan

C. Both sports were introduced into China from other countries D. Both sports were introduced into China via a third country

2．That wushu and qigong are not considered a sport, according to the author, is because

A. They are not included in the Olympics Games B. They are not related even remotely to soccer or golf C. They are good to look at D. They are not competitive

3．“A mixed gender team” most probably means that A. The team consists of both men and women B. The team consists of gendermares C. The team consists of athletes of all ages

D. The team consists of atheletes from different parts of the country. 4．James Riordan believes that China sees sports as a way A. to win medals B. to win friends

C. to show strength of the nation D. to win personal reputation

5．“A single Chinese sprinter competed in the 1932 Games.” Give the name of this athlete. A. Zhang Boling B. Liu Changchun C. Dong Shouyi D. Yan Xiu 【答案与解析】

1．C 文章首句指出“这种热情使我感到惊讶，因为奥运会上几乎没有与中国文化相关的运动”，接着第二句讲述到“除了柔道和跆拳道与中国有着间接的关联外，奥运会上没有传统的中国体育运动”。柔道和跆拳道分别源自日本和韩国，因此该句想要表达的是这两种运动是由其他国家传入中国的，即C项内容。 2．D 文章第一段倒数第三、四句指出中国古代传统体育运动的核心是武术和气功，它们是身体锻炼和精神及美学的结合，其目的是艺术表现和自我提升，而不是取胜（rather than winning），因此这就是作者不把武术和气功看作是体育运动的原因，故D项正确。

3．A 第二段倒数第三句指出，四年之后中国参加了柏林奥运会，派出了69名运动员所组成的代表团，其中就包括a mixed-gender wushu exhibition team，根据语境可知，mixed-gender指的是“男女混合的”，因此A项正确。 4．C 文章最后一句给出James Riordan所认为的中国参加奥运会的原因，即“There was a feeling of being the underdog and wanting to prove to the world that the Chinese were strong”（感觉自己是受压迫者/劣势者，想要向全世界证明中国的强大），因此C项表达的意思与之相符。

5．B 1932年中国首次参加奥运会，第十届奥运会在美国洛杉矶举行，中国只派出了一名短跑运动员刘长春。因此B项正确。

(2)

By now, both investigators had a clear vision of what had happened. Someone had poured liquid accelerant throughout the children’s room, even under their beds, then poured some more along the adjoining hallway and out the front door, creating a “fire barrier” that prevented anyone from escaping; similarly, a prosecutor later suggested, the refrigerator in the kitchen had been moved to block the back-door exit. The house, in short, had been deliberately transformed into a death trap. The investigators collected samples of burned materials from the house and sent them to a laboratory that could detect the presence of a liquid accelerant. The lab’s chemist reported that one of the samples

contained evidence of “mineral spirits,” a substance that is often found in charcoal-lighter fluid. The sample had been taken by the threshold of the front door.

The fire was now considered a triple homicide, and Todd Willingham—the only person, besides the victims, known to have been in the house at the time of the blaze—became the prime suspect.

Police and fire investigators canvassed the neighborhood, interviewing witnesses. Several, like Father Monaghan, initially portrayed Willingham as devastated by the fire. Yet, over time, an increasing number of

witnesses offered damning statements. Diane Barbee said that she had not seen Willingham try to enter the house until after the authorities arrived, as if he were putting on a show. And when the children’s room exploded with flames, she added, he seemed more preoccupied with his car, which he moved down the driveway. Another neighbor reported that when Willingham cried out for his babies he “did not appear to be excited or concerned.” Even Father Monaghan wrote in a statement that, upon further reflection, “things were not as they seemed. I had the feeling that [Willingham] was in complete control.” The police began to piece together a disturbing profile of Willingham. Born in Ardmore, Oklahoma, in 1968, he had been abandoned by his mother when he was a baby. His father, Gene, who had divorced his mother, eventually raised him with his stepmother, Eugenia. Gene, a former U.S. marine, worked in a salvage yard, and the family lived in a cramped house; at night, they could hear freight trains rattling past on a nearby track. Willingham. who had what the family called the “classic Willingham look”—a handsome face. thick black hair, and dark eyes—struggled in school, and as a teen-ager began to sniff paint. When he was seventeen, Oklahoma’s Department of Human Services evaluated him, and reported, “He likes ‘girls,” music, fast cars, sharp trucks, swimming, and hunting, in that order.” Willingham dropped out of high school, and over time was

arrested for, among other things, driving under the influence, stealing a bicycle, and shoplifting.

In 1988, he met Stacy, a senior in high school, who also came from a troubled background: when she was four years old, her stepfather had strangled her mother to death during a fight. Stacy and Willingham had a turbulent relationship. Willingham, who was unfaithful, drank too much ,Jack Daniel’s, and sometimes hit Stacy—even when she was pregnant. A neighbor said that he once heard Willingham yell at her, “Get up, bitch, and I’ll hit you again.” 6．Liquid accelerant most probably is_____. A. A kind of fuel that speeds up the spread of fire B. A kind of water that is accessible to tourist C. A kind of fluid that makes water flow more quickly D. A kind of fuel that makes the car move faster

7．Triple homicide is a complicated phrase each word of which consisting of many Latin affixes, such as tri- meaning three and -cide meaning killing. So we may infer that the term means_____. A. The murder took place in three different places B. The arsonist killed a total of three people

C. Three murderers working in collaboration killed one victim D. Three murderers killed three victims

8．Which contradicts the eye-witnesses’ accounts of the fire?

A. Todd Willingham cares more about his car than his children in the burning house

B. Todd Willingham did nothing at all to save his endangered children C. Todd Willingham did not tell the truth judged by his behavior at the fire scene

D. Todd Willingham did not shed tears seeing his children engulfed in the fire

9．“He likes ‘girls,’ music, fast cars, sharp trucks, swimming, and hunting, in that order” means what he likes most is_____. A. “girls” B. hunting C. fast cars D. not clear

10．Driving under the influence , or DUI for short means_____. A. drunk driving B. forced driving

C. driving by obeying someone’s order D. driving to an important place 【答案与解析】

6．A 文章第一段介绍到，有人在孩子们的房间里，甚至床下都泼了liquid accelerant，然后在毗连的走廊和前门外也泼了一些，从而形成\"fire barrier\"，

使得任何人都无法逃脱。可推测liquid accelerant指的是“液体助燃剂”，accelerant意为“促进剂，催化剂”。因此答案选A项。

7．B 词组triple homicide出现在第三段开头“The fire was now considered a triple homicide”，其中前缀tri-表示“三个”，-cide意为“杀，杀伤”，可知triple homicide指的是纵火犯害死了三个人，因此B项为正确答案。 8．C 题干问的是哪个选项的描述与目击者对该次火灾的陈述相矛盾。该题可用排除法来做。第四段第四句一位名叫Diane Barbee的邻居指出她看到Willingham直到相关部门到来后才试图进入房子，似乎在演戏一样，因此B项“Todd Willingham没有试图救他处于危险中的孩子”与原文内容相符。而在接下来的第五句中，她又接着说，“他似乎更关注车，他把车开下了车道”，因此，A项的“比起孩子，他更关心车”与原文内容相符。而在同一段的第六句中，他的另一个邻居举报说“当他大声呼喊他的孩子的时候，他did not appear to be excited or concerned，因此D项“当看到他的孩子被火吞没时，他没有掉眼泪”与原文内容相符。而文章中并没有提到Todd Willingham的证词，所以C项“根据他在火灾现场的表现来看，他没有讲真话”这一点毫无根据。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

9．A 题干所引用句子中in that order指“按顺序排列，依次排列”，因此可知Todd Willingham最喜欢的是A项中的\"girls\"。

10．A 第四段后半部分讲述了Todd Willingham的成长历程，该段最后一句指出Todd Willingham高中时辍学，之后因driving under the influence、偷自行车和商店行窃等被捕。drive under the influence为固定用法，指“醉酒驾驶”，因此对应A项。

(3)

Although a grandparent who arrives on the scene after the birth of a child is traditionally pictured cooking dinner for sleep-deprived parents or stuffing the freezer with casseroles, I can tell you that these days it’s mostly takeout. That is not simply the narrow view of a male grandparent who, admittedly, would have little to offer by way of home-cooked meals once he’d served the second dinner of meat loaf, accompanied by a salad of prewashed mesclun and a reminder of his mother’s belief that meat loaf is one of the many dishes that always taste better the next day. As I was about to leave for San Francisco last spring to inspect my daughter Abigail’s first baby, my son-in-law’s mother had just completed a similar visit, and Abigail reported to me, “We had some good sushi while Brian’s room was here.” Brian’s mother is not Japanese. Abigail was referring to takeout sushi—or carryout, as they say in San Francisco, since, she warned me in advance, San Francisco is a place where restaurants are, in general, happy to prepare food to go but not happy to deliver it. In carryout, the accepted role of a visiting grandparent is to duck into the restaurant for the pickup while one parent waits behind the wheel of the double-parked car and the second parent remains at home, holding the baby with one hand and setting the table with the other.

The one exception, Abigail said, seems to be Chinese food, which does come directly to the door. In Manhattan, the victuals customarily referred to as Takeout Chinese—essentially, a separate cuisine, if that’s the word, from the food available in Chinatown—tend to make the trip from restaurants to apartment houses dangling in plastic bags from the handlebars of rickety bicycles. (The proprietors of Chinese restaurants apparently’ feel about baskets the way proprietors of National Hockey League teams used to feel about helmets—sissy stuff. The restaurant proprietors still feel that way about helmets.) Manhattan is essentially flat—I’ve been riding a bicycle around the city for at least thirty years, and I have yet to shift gears—but San Francisco is, famously, not. When my mind wandered during the flight from New York, I could picture one of those impassive delivery boys from a Manhattan Chinese restaurant trying to make it up a nearly perpendicular San Francisco hill, his determination unaffected by breathlessness or leg cramps or the fact that the weird angle has already caused a container of hot-and-sour soup to burst open on his trousers.

When my mind wasn’t wandering, I was thinking about whether to present the home-delivery issue to Abigail as one more reason why it made sense to live in New York rather than San Francisco. I could imagine myself delivering the pitch: “Are you saying that you’re willing to raise this child—this innocent child—in a city that has virtually no

delivery, depriving her of the attention of whichever parent has to make the pickup or interrupting her schedule for a totally unnecessary car journey or, God forbid, cooking?” I could also imagine Abigail, who works as a legal-services lawyer for children, replying that, according to the laws and precedents she’s familiar with, the sort of behavior I’d just described would not, strictly speaking, constitute child neglect. 11．A male grandparent in this text refers to_____. A. Waizhufu (外祖父) in general

B. Both zhufu (祖父) and Waizhufu (外祖父) C. Zhufu (祖父) in general D. Waizhufu (外祖父) in particular

12．To interpret “the narrow view of a male grandparent” we understand it to mean_____.

A. A male grandparent’s view is limited B. A male grandparent’s view is near-sighted C. A male grandparent is looked down upon D. A male grandparent is sharp-eyed

13．The National Hockey League refers to_____.

A. A group of hockey teams from across the country working together for a common goal

B. A group of hockey teams from across the country playing against each other irregularly

C. A group of ice hockey teams from across the country working together for common interest

D. A group of ice hockey teams from across the country playing against each other regularly

14．According to the text, the terrain of San Francisco is_____. A. basically flat B. very uneven C. very flat

D. basically uneven

15．One convincing reason the author believes in to persuade her daughter to move back to New York is that Manhattan boosts of_____. A. Chinese restaurants B. Flat terrain C. Take-out fast food D. Delicious sushi 【答案与解析】

11．B 文章第一段的第三句话提到，“我”要leave for San Francisco last spring to inspect my daughter Abigail’s first baby，由此可知，作者要到旧金山的女儿家看望她的第一个孩子，因此他做了外祖父；而在这一句话的后半句又提到，my son-in-law’s mother had just completed a similar visit，“我儿媳的妈妈也刚刚完成了类似的访问”，联系上下文，可以推断出“我”的

儿媳也刚刚产子，所以“我”也做了祖父，只有B项符合原文的内容，因此，本体的正确答案为B。

12．A narrow view指“观点狭隘的，有偏见的”，因此A项中“view is limited”与之表达意思相符。

13．D National Hockey League“北美冰球联盟”，是由北美冰球队伍所组成的职业运动联盟，现有30支队伍，是全世界最高层级的职业冰球比赛。NHL的赛季分为例行赛和季后赛，最后一轮在季后赛胜出的球队便获得史丹利杯冠军。四个选项只有后半部分不同，可知D项中“定期进行对抗赛”的表述正确。 14．B 第二段倒数第二句指出曼哈顿的地势基本上是平坦的，并提到“but San Francisco is, famously, not”，即旧金山的地势是出了名的不平坦，因此B项为正确答案。uneven不平坦的，凹凸不平的。

15．B 最后一段作者指出他在想要不要向女儿提出旧金山在送餐方面的问题，以此作为劝女儿在纽约而非旧金山居住的理由之一，结合上文提到的旧金山的餐馆非常乐意准备外卖食品，而不愿送饭，并且旧金山地势不平坦，送饭不方便，由此可知作者劝女儿回纽约居住的原因之一是曼哈顿的地势平坦。因此答案选B。

(4)

Since 1970, the population of the United States has grown by forty per cent, while the number of registered vehicles has increased by nearly a hundred per cent—in other words, cars have proliferated more than twice as fast as people have. During this same period, road capacity increased by six per cent. If these trends continue through 2020, every

day will resemble a getaway day, with its mixture of commuters, truckers, and recreational drivers, who take to the road without regard for traditional peak travel times, producing congestion all day long: trucks that can’t make deliveries on time, people who can’t get to or from work, air quality that continues to deteriorate as commerce suffers and our over-all geopolitical position weakens because we are forced to become ever more dependent on foreign oil. This is the way the world ends: not with a bang but a traffic jam.

What can you do about the traffic? Take the train? The train may be out of commission; Amtrak, the nation’s passenger rail service, may be out of business before too long. Fly? Airlines are cutting flights and raising prices to offset heavy losses. Manage traffic better? There are many schemes for managing traffic, but not very many practical ways to reduce the number of vehicles on the roads. Even if people have an alternative to driving, as do many New Yorkers, over time an ever larger number of commuters choose to drive. Today, about 3.6 million people make their way into Manhattan’s “hub” (the area below Sixtieth Street) each workday—about the same number who came on an average day fifty years ago. In 1948, six hundred and fifty thousand of the commuters drove; fifty years later, more than 1.3 million of them drove, and most of them drove alone.

It’s not enough to build public transportation; you also have to get people to use it, either by making trains and buses more convenient or by prohibiting some people from driving during peak periods. But in the United States restricting people from using their automobiles whenever they like has always been politically difficult, and Mayor Bloomberg’s efforts to do so are controversial. The new restrictions have brought joy to many of the city’s residents—New York is the only city in the United States in which the majority of households don’t own an automobile—but they have been a source of outrage for the parking-garage industry, restaurant and theatre owners, retailers, labor groups, and some local politicians. Traffic is bad, but, as some New Yorkers have discovered, a lack of traffic may be worse. “I think it’s destroying the fabric of New York,” Grog Susick, senior vice-president of Central Parking, told the Times in November. After a Christmas season in New York in which the traditional Five Days of Gridlock saw only light congestion, the Metropolitan Parking Association began investigating possible legal action against the city for maintaining the lone-driver restrictions. 16．“This is the way the world ends: not with a bang but a traffic jam.” The word ban here most probably means_____. A. The earth collides with an extraterrestrial star B. The earth witnesses a major war C. The earth hears a huge bell ring

D. The earth hears the bell toll at a church

17．According to the author, traffic congestion in Manhattan is mainly caused by_____.

A. increase of population B. increase of cars C. addition of new roads D. lack of funds

18．“Traffic is bad, but a lack of traffic may be worse.” Who might be affected by a lack of traffic? A. Manhattan residents B. Car drivers C .House owners D. Parking lot managers

19．We may infer from the text that_____.

A. New York City might has the lowest car ownership” rate among all US cities

B. New York City might be the most congested city among all US cities C. New York City might be the most expensive city among all US cities D. New York City might be the most mixed-race city among all US cities 20．“I think it’s destroying the fabric of New York,” here the word fabric can be best understood as_____. A. New York’s way of life

B. New York’s textile industry C. New York’s outer appearance D. New York’s inner mechanism 【答案与解析】

16．A 第一段首先讲述到美国机动车辆的增加远超过人口数量的增长和道路通行能力的提升，并提出如果该趋势持续增长将出现的一系列问题，最后总结到“This is the way the world ends: not with a bang but a traffic jam”，bang原意为“猛撞；巨响；爆炸声”，结合语境及所给选项可知，此处bang指A项中的“地球与其他星球的相撞”。

17．B 第二段最后两句指出，如今每个工作日大约360万人来到Manhattan’s \"hub\"，几乎与50年前的人数相同，但1949年有65万的人驾车出行，而50年后超过130万人驾车，并且其中大多数是独自开车。由此可见曼哈顿出现交通拥堵的主要原因是汽车的增多。

18．D 第三段倒数第四句指出关于使用车辆的规定have brought joy to many of the city’s residents，但与此同时也成为a source of outrage for the parking-garage industry, restaurant and theatre owners, retailers, labor groups, and some local politicians（outrage义愤；愤慨），可见停车场、饭店、剧院、零售商等都会受到交通量减少的影响。因此D项正确。

19．A 第三段倒数第四句破折号之间指出，“New York is the only city in the United States in which the majority of households don’t own an automobile”（纽约是美国唯一的大多数家庭都没有汽车的城市），因此可推测纽约拥有汽车的比率可能是美国所有城市中最低的。因此答案选A。

20．D Central Parking公司的资深副总裁认为交通量的缺少正destroying the fabric of New York，单词fabric有“（社会或体系的）基本结构”之意，因此D项“纽约的内部机制”与之表达意思相符。 IV. Writing (30′)

Some time ago, the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the administrators of Beihai Park in Beijing would not renew their contract with Kentucky Fried Chicken when its 10-year lease was due. Some support the decision as they believe the fast food outlet is out of keeping with a scenic imperial garden. Others shrug it off as they think the removal of the Colonel Sanders plaque at the park is likely to be only a hiccup to China’s growing love affair with American culture. Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic： Does a Western Fast Food Outlet Belong in A Chinese Imperial Garden? 【参考范文】

Does a Western Fast Food Outlet Belong in A Chinese Imperial Garden? Beihai Park, a Chinese Imperial Garden, decided not to renew its contract with Kentucky Fried Chicken after the previous 10-year contract expired some time ago, as a result of the increasing criticism from the public. People’s opinions are divided concerning the existence of a fast food outlet in a Chinese Imperial Garden.

The opposing side believe that although exchanges of cultures are unobjectionable, it does not mean everything about other cultures

should be brought in and be blended. Some even go so far as taking the existence of Kentucky Fried Chicken as an insult on China’s valuable ancient civilization. The protection of the integrity of cultural and historical heritage is stressed by people concerned.

They think Kentucky Fried Chicken is substantially the symbol of American culture and therefore will not integrate into the Chinese Imperial Garden. These people argue that Kentucky Fried Chicken in Beihai Park doesn’t resonate with its surroundings. For these people, it is just emotionally unacceptable that a Western-style restaurant is in a scenic imperial garden that is upheld as the essence of China’s ancient civilization.

Nevertheless, some other people believe Kentucky Fried Chicken does not show any disrespect for China’s traditional culture and is no more than a place for people to have a rest and enjoy food and drinks. Moreover, they claim that world cultural heritage sites need dynamic commercial promotion and that’s why so many sites in China become so popular. Whether the new building will ruin the aesthetic and natural beauty of the architecture should be based on experts studies. If dealt with rightly, commercial business can be an important channel for cultural relics protection. As the talk between Chinese and other cultures increases, it also shows the growing strength of China’s global influence. The existence of Kentucky Fried Chicken in Beihai Park will show the

openness of China’s society and these people believe the reason for starting Kentucky Fried Chicken in China was not about cultural invasion, let alone causing damage to China’s traditional culture.

All in all, Beihai Park is one of the symbols of ancient China, and the existence of Western restaurant is indeed not very integrated. However one cannot help thinking that the argument about the negative effects of a small western restaurant on China’s long historical culture is somewhat far-fetched.